ARCH test 1

Which of the following was constructed of sun-dried brick, bonded together with bitumen, reed, matting, or rope, and finished with a weather-resistant exterior layer of kiln-fired brick?

*Ziggurats*

19th century barn in Cades cove, Great Smokey mts national park, an example of ___________ construction. The second floor loft overhangs the log cribs of the base, supported on long wooden cantilevers extending to the sides and front to back across the width of the barn

*cantilevers*

The arch at Kabah, built by the Maya of Central America, an example of_______________construction ...

*corbeled arch*

The Library at Ephesus, constructed by the Romans, an example of __________________ construction

*post and lintel (column and beam)*

The Seventh Street Bridge in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, an example of a______________ structure where loads are carried primarily in tension.

*suspension bridge*

Railroad bridge over the Tennessee River at Knoxville, composed of __________.

*warren truss*

Which of the following regions are considered the cradles of Western history and architecture?

-Egypt & Mesopotamia

Which of the following are true of pharaoh Amenophis IV?

-He disavowed the multitudes of deities -He instituted a monotheistic religion devoted to the sun disc Aten

Identify the features of Hippopotamus's design that contributed to the rebuilding of the harbor town of Milletus

-His designs specified the layout of streets and the positioning of open spaces -His designs encompassed typical single-family houses for an estimated population of 15,000 to 20, 000. -His designs specified the location of civic buildings

Which of the following are true of the palace at Khorsabad?

-It occupied an area of 25 acres -it had winged bulls with human heads carved in stone at its entrances

Identify the Greek temples of the Archaic period

-Temple of Artemis -The temple of Hera

Which of the following are true of the Greek Theater at Epidauros?

-The theater has continuous benches that are raised slightly above the rows in front of them -The theater's system of radical and cross aisles provides circulation from entrances at multiple levels

Identify the various interpretations of the paleolithic cave paintings that were found in France and Spain

-They are said to be star charts -They are said to represent religious rituals -They are said to be the hallucinogenic visions of Shamans

Which of the following are true of the Hyksos?

-They introduced new weapons to Egyptian culture -They introduced metallurgy to Egyptian culture

Which of the following are true of the Sumerians?

-They mastered arts of agriculture and developed irrigation systems -They are credited with forming the world's first civilization

Identify the true statements about the pylon gates, which were constructed in New Kingdom temples

-They were gates to the underworld through which the eternal spirit must pass -They were entrances through which the sun was reborn each day

Which of the following are true of Sneferu's construction of the "bent" pyramid at Dahshur?

-it was changed to a lower inclintation angle when the pyramid was half-built -it gains added stability from its reduced angle of inclination

Which of the following were true of the Propylaea on the Athenian Acropolis?

-its passageway was lined by three pairs of Ionic Columns -Its central space had two unsupported triglyphs

rendering

-the art of creating two-dimensional images or animations showing the attributes of a proposed architectural design. -a single image from a single point of view

Semitic-speaking peoples who overthrew Sumerian civilization were known as ______.

Akkadians

_______ended Persian dominance in 331 BCE

Alexander the Great

exploded perspective

An exploded view can create an image in which the elements are flying through the air above the architectural plan, almost like a cubist painting. The locations can be shadowed or dotted in the siteplan of the elements.

Identify the material that was used in the construction of the earliest huts that were discovered at sites in the central Russian Plain

Animal skin

In 1928, excavators discovered the second chamber of Djoser's Pyramid in the south side of the perimeter wall, and it contained ______.

Blue faience wall decorations

Which of the following was the focus of Bernard Rudofsky's " Architecture without Architects" exhibition?

Chronologically and geographically inclusive study of the built environment

Identify the rivers surrounding Mesopotamia

Euphrates & Tigris

Different phases of construction of Stonehenge

First phase: fifty-six evenly spaced holes were dug and filled with chalk, while a northeasterly line of sight to the horizon was established from the center across a pointed upright outside the ditches Third phase: Thirty-five lintels and forty sarcen stones weighing up to twenty tons each were erected in a circle of thirty uprights enclosing five trilithons

Enlil

God of the earth

Anu

God of the sky

Ea

God of water

The largest of the Giza trio of major pyramids is the _____.

Great Pyramid of Khufu

The largest roofed space in the palace at Persepolis that was able to contain 10,000 people within its 250-footsquare plan was the______________.

Hall of a Hundred Columns

In Greece, permanent buildings for theatrical performances were constructed in many of the outlying cities during the _____.

Hellenistic period

The system of writing developed by Egyptians at a very early stage, which uses both pictorial and phonetic symbols to record information, is called ______.

Hieroglyphics

Sizable chambers created by rows of large columns placed closely together, constructed during the course of the Eighteenth Dynasty, are known as ________.

Hypostyle halls

The Ionic

It originated on the islands of the Aegean and the coast of Asia Minor.

The Doric

It originated on the mainland of Greece

The Ionic

It was lighter in character to reflect the proportions of a woman

The Corinthian

It was the slenderest of all and had a highly decorated capital to suggest the form and proportion of a young maiden

The Doric

It was the sturdiest of all and was based on the proportions of a man

Identify a material that was used for all exposed parts of Athena's body in the statue housed in the cella of the Parthenon

Ivory and gold

Of the Giza pyramids, the pyramid that is readily distinguished by the substantial fragment of the original smooth limestone casing at its apex is_________.

Khafre's pyramid

The burial chambers of Khufu's pyramid with the purposes they served

Lower Chamber: it is thought to represent the underworld Middle chamber: it served as Khufu's spirit chamber Top chamber: it contains a granite sarcophagus in which Khufu was buried

In Egypt, the earliest tombs, which built as eternal houses for the departed and were in all likelihood based on the design of the dwellings of the living, were called___.

Mastabas

The smallest of the Giza trio oof major pyramids belonged to

Menkaure

The development of written language was achieved by about 3500 BCE by the Sumerians in the Middle Eastern land of _______.

Mesopotamia

In Egypt, the First intermediate period was followed by a second phase of centralized government called____.

Middle Kingdom

The geography of Egypt is dominated by one great river, the _______, which originates in the highlands of Uganda and passes through the Sudan and Ethiopia before flowing out into the Mediterranean Sea to the north

Nile

The greatest surviving architectural contribution of the Persians is an impressive ruin at ________.

Persepolis

Egypt's first monumental construction in stone, which survived through 4600 years, is the _____.

Pyramid at Saqqara

Among the most splendid of the Eighteenth-Dynasty temples is the funerary complex of ______ at Deir-el-Bahari, notable both for its architecture and for the fact that its patron was a woman

Queen Hatshepsut

In Egyotian theology, Osiris, lord of the underworld, and his son, the falcon-headed Horus, were both linked with the sun god ______, whose symbol in the ancient temple at Heliopolos was the pyramid.

Ra

Who added an outer layer to the pyramid that may have been begun for Huni, the last pharaoh of the Third Dynasty?

Sneferu

The most celebrated megalith structure, located on Salisbury Plain in southwestern England, is _____.

Stonehenge

Identify true statements about ziggurats

They have inward-sloping walls in a series of stepped platforms

Mycenaeans

They were based at several sites on the mainland of Greece

Minoans

They were based on the island of crete

Two levels of colonnaded terraces surrounding a masonry mass, long thought to have been a pyramid but more recently interpreted as a flat-roofed hall, describes the Middle Kingdom construction of the ______.

Tomb of Mentuhotep

The Sumerian structure that was built on a forty-foot high base of rubble, with a protective coat of whitewash over its sloping walls of earth, and covered with sun-dried brick is the _______.

White Temple

Section

a representation of a portion of a building or object exposed when cut by an imaginary vertical plane so as to show its construction and interior

animatic/animation/virtual tour

a short architectural movie created on a computer

axonometric drawing

a type of parallel projection used for creating a pictorial drawing of an object, where the object is rotated along one or more of its axes relative to the plane of projection. There are three main types of axonometric projection: isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projection.

Massing

around a central chimney

Large interior spaces were absent in Sumerian architecture because their roof structures were ____.

built from reeds that could not span great distances

In about 437 BCE, construction began on an appropriately scaled ____ for the Athenian Acropolis, which was designed by the architect Mnesikles.

entrance gateway, the Propylaea

orthographic drawing

is a method that allows someone to represent a three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional piece of paper. By drawing the object for a various angles, the artist is able to show how the object looks in the real world

perspective drawing

is the view from a particular fixed viewpoint. Horizontal and vertical edges in the object are represented by horizontals and verticals in the drawing.

Feature of the passage grave at Newgrange, County Meath

it has an earthen mound nearly 30 feet in diameter and thirty-six feet high covering the tomb

Ka

it means life-force

Akh

it means spirit

Ba

it means the physical manifestation

Identify a true statement about the temple at Eridu in Sumeria

its buttressed walls enclosed a rectangular shrine room flanked by smaller side chanmbers

analytic perspective

relates to the drawing of lines to represent the three-dimensional structure and geometry of a form, proceeding generally from the whole to the constituent parts.

The parthenon was adorned with ____ on both the insides and the outside.

sculpted figures

The major contribution to architectural history by the Greek architects and builders during the Archaic period was the _____, which originated as a home for the Gods.

temple

At the center of Khafre's mortuary temple was a large courtyard surrounded by enormous pillars, in from of which stood_____.

twelve large statues of the pharaoh

Jericho

was a fortified settlement with a stone wall up to 25 feet thick enclosing an area of about 10 acres, and its earliest dwellings consisted of circular mud huts that may have had conical roofs

Catal Huyuk

was an unfortified settlement, with a dense package of dwellings w/o streets, and it compromised of mud-brick walls and a post-and-lintel timber framework enclosing rectangular spaces that abutted neighboring houses.