Architecture 1600 Exam 4
Merchant's National Bank
terra cotta ornament Louis Sullivan 1914 Grinnell, Iowa
Heidi Weber Pavilion
zurich, switzerland, 1964 Form stands out as a dominant characteristic
Casa Batllo
" 1905 to 1907 Architect: Antonio Gaudi Location: Barcelona, Spain Building type: apartment building Construction system: concrete Style: Expressionist or Art Nouveau uses animal styles al through-out the structure "Whiplash Curves Asymmetrical Serpentine Forms
Modernism
"Modernism refers to the broad movement in Western arts and literature that gathered pace from around 1850, and is characterised by a deliberate rejection of the styles of the past; emphasising instead innovation and experimentation in forms, materials and techniques in order to create artworks that better reflected modern society."
Gamble House
"The idea was to eliminate everything unnecessary, to make the whole as direct and as simple as possible but always with the beautiful in mind as the final goal." Built during Craftsman period when it was desirable to have nature, houses, and furnishings harmonize Concept of "total design" Architects Charles Greene and Henry Greene Gamble House, 1908, Pasadena, CA Intimate "lowered ceiling" entry. Stained Glass Reflects forms of Nature Example of traditional Japanese Structure Gamble's father was one of Procter & Gamble founders Unlike other homes built in Pasadena at the turn of the century, Gamble house is not classical (Greek derived imagery) architecture Built in 1907-08 Today recognized as one of the most influential houses in the history of architecture in the US
Industrial Revolution
1750-1850. was the key ingredient in setting the conditions for Modernism to take hold and develop The totality of the changes in economic and social organization that began about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments. Impacted social order Radically new manufacturing processes, transportation, communication, and materials. The Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacturing, transportation, economic policies and social structure in England. Prior to 1760 manufacturing of textiles was done in homes, by people who gave part of their time to it. It was a tedious process from raw material to finished product. In the case of woolen cloth, the wool had to be sorted, cleaned and dyed. Then the wool was carded and combed. Next, it was spun into thread which was woven into cloth. Many of these stages of production were performed by women and children.
victorian period
1837-1901. A new industrial society was being created Furnishings became affordable to a larger segment of society through mass production The possession of material goods was held in high esteem The home existed as an expression of self-importance and self-worth The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria. She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901. A great deal of change took place during this period--brought about because of the Industrial Revolution Literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. As Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) wrote, "The time for levity, insincerity, and idle babble and play-acting, in all kinds, is gone by; it is a serious, grave time." The Victorians were impressed by science and progress, and felt that they could improve society in the same way as they were improving technology. A great engineering feat in the Victorian Era was the sewage system in London. It was designed by Joseph Bazalgette in 1858. He proposed to build 82 mi (132 km) of sewer system linked with over 1,000 mi (1,600 km) of street sewers. Anesthetics made 'painless' dentistry possible. The Victorian era became notorious for the employment of young children in factories and mines and as chimney sweeps.
Crystal Palace
1851. John Paxton. Basic module using the largest sheet glass possible to produce at that time Component parts were standardized and prefabricated industrially Constructed in less than 5 months (750,000 sq. ft.) Iron, glass and wood construction Bare of ornamentation then in fashion Considered the first 'Modern' building Exhibit Hall for consumer goods and international exhibits
Paddington Station
1852-1854. London, England. Mass Transportation is beginning Rebirth of the City Large Scale Public Structures Commuting as a part of daily life
The Arts and Crafts movement
1860-1910.The Arts and Crafts movement was an international design movement between 1860 and 1910, most widespread in the second half of that period, & influential until the 1930s. The leaders of this movement were: Artist and writer William Morris (1834-1896) Architect Charles Voysey (1857-1941) The writings of John Ruskin (1819-1900) and Augustus Pugin (1812-1852) expressed the ideals of the movement. It developed first and most fully in the British Isles, but spread to Europe and North America. It was largely a reaction against the impoverished state of the decorative arts at the time and the conditions in which they were produced. It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms and often applied medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and has been said to be essentially anti-industrial. Rejected the machine in favor of handcrafted items Believed in honest expression of materials Valued good craftsmanship This movement brought design and interiors away from the heavy cluttered Victorian style to lighter, simpler shapes and an uncluttered look Designers shared more of a common philosophy than a common style
Eiffel Tower
1889 / Gustave Eiffel Paris, France.
Art Nouveau
1890-1910+ An ornamental style of art and design that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration. It was a deliberate attempt to create a new style, based on contemporary ideas, free of the imitative historicism that dominated much of 19th-century art and design. Organic, flowing lines, stylized plant designs, flower stems, tendrils, water lilies, asymmetrical shapes Influenced by Japanese art prints These visual elements were used in all types of design—wallpaper, jewelry, architecture, furniture, etc. Like the related Arts & Crafts movement, Art Nouveau "sought simpler, more honestly constructed forms based on the patterns of nature." Art Nouveau supporters had an ambivalent attitude to the modern age. Developed as an international movement between 1895-1910 Use of new materials and techniques such as iron beams, cantilevering (products of Industrial Revolution) Most designs were expensive—average person could not afford them
The Willow Tearooms
1896 - 1917 Glasgow, Scotland Within a four-story former warehouse building Mackintosh designed a range of spaces with different functions and decor for the Glasgow patrons to enjoy. There was a ladies' tearoom to the front of the ground floor, with a general lunch room to the back and a tea gallery above it
Art Deco Architecture
1925 - 1940. Grew out of response of French artists to the International Exposition of 1900. Based on geometric forms. Shared some characteristics with both Art Nouveau and Modernism. Used "streamlining" to round sharp edges. Drew on historical styles from diverse cultures, including Ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece, Assyria and Babylon, and Aztec Mexico. Especially popular in skyscraper design - e.g., the Chrysler Building in New York City.
Modern Skyscrapers
1940-1970. Generally a 'skyscraper' is a very tall building made using a structural steel skeletal framework with the facades constructed using a 'curtain wall'. The the world's first skyscraper, the ten-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago, built in 1884-1885. While its height is not considered very impressive today, it was at that time. The architect, Major William Le Baron Jenney, is credited with creating the load-bearing structural frame.
Los Angeles Police Department Hollenbeck Replacement Station
2009. Designed by Christopher King, senior designer for AC Martin. A contemporary interpretation of a curtain wall. The complex layering of glass is strategic as well as artistic, balancing light and shade to maximize light and minimize heat gain. "The station's modern design erodes the fortress-like nature of traditional police facilities, creating a desirable work environment for the officers, and encourages interaction with the surrounding community," King says. The station is designed to achieve a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification from the U.S. Green Building Council. Energy-efficient mechanical and electrical systems, along with water-wise plumbing/irrigation, reduce the building's dependence on natural resources.
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
A Scottish architect, designer, watercolorist and artist. He was a designer in the Arts and Crafts movement and also a main representative of Art Nouveau in the United Kingdom. Mackintosh's career was a relatively short one, but of significant quality and impact. All his major commissions were between 1896 and 1906, where he designed private homes, commercial buildings, interior renovations, church, and furniture. He died on December 10, 1928 of throat cancer.
curtain wall
A curtain wall is a wall/vertical surface that is attached to the structure of the building and 'hangs' on it, in contrast with load bearing walls that sit on, bear their weight on, the floors of the building. Curtain Wall systems -The façade of the building is hung onto the floor structure behind. -The curtain wall is a thin vertical plane of glass and metal (usually aluminum or steel or bronze) framing that is attached to the floor structure behind it.
Octagon houses
A man by the name of Orson S. Fowler was a champion of Octagon Houses. He published a book about this style entitled, "The Octagon House, a home for all" in 1849. He argued that the octagon shape housed more square feet per linear foot of exterior wall compared to the traditional rectangle or square. Fowler explained that this reduces building cost as well as heating loss through the walls. Another argument made by Fowler was that the octagon house floor plan was far better than traditional designs in that it provided more sunlight, better ventilation, and also eliminate wasted square footage.
Mansard roof
A mansard roof has two slopes on each of the four sides. The lower slope is is so steep that it can look like a vertical wall with dormers. The upper slope has a low pitch and is not easily seen from the ground.
Traditional Japanese interior
A traditional Japanese interior: Wood structure, tatami mats, shoji screen walls/partitions, visual and physical connection to outside garden.
Louis Comfort Tiffany
American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in stained glass. He is the American artist most associated with the Art Nouveau movement. Tiffany started out as a painter, but became interested in glassmaking from about 1875 and worked at several glasshouses in Brooklyn between then and 1878. In 1879, he joined with Candace Wheeler, Samuel Colman and Lockwood de Forest to form Louis Comfort Tiffany and Associated American Artists. Tiffany's leadership and talent, as well as his father's money and connections, led this business to thrive. In 1881 Tiffany did the interior design of the Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut, which still remains, but the new firm's most notable work came in 1882 when President Chester Alan Arthur refused to move into the White House until it had been re-decorated. He commissioned Tiffany, who had begun to make a name for himself in New York society for the firm's interior design work, to redo the state rooms.
Louis Sullivan
An American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism". He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School. He was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. Louis Sullivan was the only major "architect" practitioner of Art Nouveau imagery in the US People's Bank, 1911, located in Sydney Ohio
architectural style
An architectural style is characterized by the features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, building materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified within a chronology of styles which changes over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new styles possible.
Sagrada Familia
Antoni Gaudi Barcelona, Spain In 1882, construction of Sagrada Família began under architect Francisco Paula de Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned, Gaudí took over as head architect, transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and at the time of his death at age 73 in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete.
Art Nouveau Imagery Metropolitain
Art Nouveau imagery Paris metro station entry designed by Hector Guimard, 1900
Art Nouveau Imagery
Art Nouveau imagery: nature motifs, curvilinear, flowing Victor Horta Hotel Tassel staircase
Tallest Building in the world, 2012
Bahj Khalifia, Dubai United Arab Emirates, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Chicago The tallest man made structure in the world: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) the building's primary structure is concrete up to floor 156; lighter steel structure from there to the top. The building contains 3,000,000 (3 milllion) square feet of interior space 900 apartments 163 floors 24,348 windows
Victorian Italianate style house
Cape May, New Jersey 1840 - 1885 flat or low-pitched roofs and large brackets in the eaves
Influential Designers of the Art Nouveau movement
Charles Rennie Mackintosh Hector Guimard Louis Comfort Tiffany Louis Sullivan Antonio Gaudi Rene Lalique Victor Horta
Tacoma Building
Chicago, 1889, designed by Holabird & Roche, constructed by George Fuller (demolished in 1929) The Tacoma Building was one of the first 'skyscrapers' with non load bearing curtain walls. The Tacoma Building was the first structure ever built where the outside walls did not carry the weight of the building.
John Hancock Center
Chicago. 1,127 feet tall, built in 1968 designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill One of the most famous buildings of the structural expressionist style, the skyscraper's distinctive X-bracing exterior is a hint that the structure's skin is indeed part of its 'tubular system'.
Cleveland Arcade
Cleveland, Ohio. Based on similar ideas and the manufacturing and construction processes used in the Crystal Palace. "Designed by John M. Eisenmann and George H. Smith, as a big-city mercantile center. The Arcade features five stories of galleries connected to the ten story towers located on Cleveland's two main thoroughfares. Of unique architectural design and daring construction, its exterior is Romanesque Revival, a popular Victorian style from 1875-1900." - The Architects Society of Ohio 1965. Once known as Cleveland's Crystal Palace The Arcade has always been one of Cleveland's best-known landmarks.
Victor Horta
Considered one of the most important names in Art Nouveau architecture. With the construction of his Hôtel Tassel in Brussels in 1892, he is sometimes credited as the first to introduce the style to architecture from the decorative arts. The "biomorphic whiplash" style that Horta promoted deeply influenced architect Hector Guimard who used it in projects in France and extended its influence abroad.
Red House for William Morris
Designed during 1859 by its owner, William Morris, and the architect Philip Webb, with wall paintings and stained glass by Edward Burne-Jones. A major building in the history of the Arts and Crafts style and of 19th century British architecture.
LC2 Petit Modele Armchair
Designed in 1928 by Le Corbusier as a modernist response to the traditional club chair, the LC2 Petit Modele Armchair --The furniture designed by Le Corbusier attempts to visually express the distinct functional components of the piece: structure is clearly revealed in the tubular steel, human contact and support is clearly revealed in the thick cushions or the leather straps. Nothing is hidden and there is no excess material. --The legendary LC2 armchair was, in fact, a collaborative effort: besides the famous architect, his cousin and partner Pierre Jeanneret and Charlotte Perriand, a furniture designer, had a hand in it. -Research by the furniture company Cassina has led to a re-issue of these chairs in colors that were intended by Le Corbusier but have been un noticed for the past sixty years.
William Le Baron Jenney
Designed the first skyscraper with a steel frame, the Home Insurance Building in Chicago credited with building the load-bearing structural frame
Different aesthetics depends on
Different locations on earth Different cultures and traditions Different available materials and technologies
shaker chairs
Different sizes as they were designed for a specific individual within the community Hung on wall to make cleaning easier and quicker—more practical
octagonal or round houses
During the 1850s and 1860s, many octagonal or round houses were constructed in New England, New York, and the Midwest. Note the cupola on top. Octagon houses increased sunlight and ventilation and eliminated "dark and useless corners." Orson Fowler, 19th century promoter of octagon houses
Japanese influence on Western architecture and design
Exhibit Halls (such as the Crystal Palace) and steam powered ships brought the influence of Japanese design to western culture. Many of the ideas found in Arts and Crafts and Prairie Style design work exhibit ideas based upon Japanese design. Traditional Japanese architecture is famous for its elegant and timeless beauty. One of the most important ingredients of Japanese architecture is the use of highly refined, specialized woodworking methods in the post and beam style.
Charles Rennie and Margaret MacDonald Mackintosh
From the earliest days of their professional and romantic partnership, Charles and Margaret were closely in synchronicity with each other.
victorian interiors
Furniture was often manufactured with pseudo-classical decorations and other enrichments Carpets, fabrics and wall paper could now be produced by machines Mass produced household objects often reflected poor quality and stylistic confusion The overall design aesthetic was one of densely filled interiors with as many pieces of furniture, fabrics, knick knacks, and visual ornament as possible.
George A. Fuller
George A. Fuller was particularly interested in "skyscrapers", the name recently given to the tall buildings than had been made possible by Elisha Otis' invention of the safety elevator
Mackintosh's significant designs
Glasgow School of Art, 1909 Hill House, 1904 Willow Tea Rooms, 1896 - 1917 Furniture, especially the chairs Watercolors
Glasglow school of art
Glasgow School of Art, 1909 designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh Gallery space in the Glasgow School of Art Note how the structural frame of the skylight and roof are exposed and designed to be seen; they relate to other forms used elsewhere in the building.
Greek Revival House
Greek Revival house in Saratoga, NY Real wood shutters, that open and close, and real wood load bearing, columns With details reminiscent of the Parthenon, stately, pillared Greek Revival homes reflect a passion for antiquity.
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) house
Hartford, ConnecticutThe house was designed by Edward Tuckerman Potter, an architect from New York City. The Clemens family lived in the house from the time it was built, in 1874, to 1986, when their daughter Susy died at home. The home in Hartford later functioned as a school, an apartment building, and a library. In 1962, the building was declared a National Historic Landmark. Since 1974, it has had a multimillion-dollar renovation and an expansion dedicated to showcasing Twain's life and work. The house faced financial troubles in 2008 due to construction cost overruns with its new museum center. Since that time, the museum has rebounded to record-setting attendance and numbers of programs. A mix of Arts & Crafts, Victorian, and Art Nouveau
Hector Guimard
Hector Guimard was a French architect, who is a well known representative of the Art Nouveau style of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Best known for his Paris Metro entrances, it is generally agreed that Hector Guimard introduced the Art Nouveau style to French architectural ironwork.
Antoni Gaudi
His works go beyond any one style or classification. They are imaginative works that find their main inspiration in nature. Gaudí lived a profoundly religious and ascetic lifestyle. He was devoted to his religious beliefs and equally to his study of architecture. He greatest work is the Sagrada Familia cathedral in Barcelona, Spain. Gaudí's work was influenced by his passions in life: architecture, nature, and religion. He considered every detail of his creations and integrated into his architecture such crafts as ceramics, stained glass, wrought ironwork forging and carpentry. He also introduced new techniques in the treatment of materials, such as trencadís which used waste ceramic pieces.
Jeddah Tower
I,000 meters (one kilometer) 3,073 feet tall Completion in 2019 World's Tallest Building (in 2019) 1 Hectare = 10,000 square meters (107,639 square feet) 1 Acre = 43,560 square feet
The Great Stone Dwelling
In 1841, the Great Stone Dwelling was the largest building built north of Boston. The Great Stone Dwelling is original shaker architecture and design
Armchairs
In the view of many designers this chair is one of the most awful pieces ever manufactured. Many designers say these chairs are 'hideous'. Why do they say this? Is it because it has moving parts? No.This piece moves, adjusts, and is functional, expressive, elegant, and not excessive in its design and construction. These chairs are the antithesis of Modern design principles. They do not express structure through material or form, have no overall identifiable shape, are very heavy, are built with poor quality materials which are covered for visual effect only, are so aggressively ugly that it is difficult to even think about them in a design context. Even so, many people buy these and like these.
Jordan House
Jordan House in Auburn, Maine designed and built by Charles A. Jordan,1880 Second Empire, Mansard house style
Final Wooden House
Kumamoto, Japan by Sou Fujimoto An alternative, contemporary, concept in how to build with wood! built in 2008
Villa Savoye
Le Corbusier Outside of france built in 1928.
Chapelle Notre-Dame Du Haut
Le Corbusier Ronchamp France, 1950 (CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE) (LINES- RESULT OF THE FORM WORK, 4 INCH BOARD THAT THEY WANTED) (BOARD FORM CONCRETE) (TEXTURE REVEALS HOW THE CONCRETE WAS MADE) Take this building, the structure is quirky in its form, from all angles it looks different and quite playful. It's complicated and intricate but at the same time simple on the eye, from first sight it looks more like a painting than anything and doesn't look physically possible to build as a structure. There are also openings covered with clear glass in the walls and in other places coloured glass, Le Corbusier did this so that one could "see the clouds, or the movements of the foliage and even passers-by". I also like the fact that Le Corbusier has left a lot of room for light, this leaves weird and interesting shadows cascading in, for example there is several centimeters left between the shell of the roof and the vertical envelope of the walls which leaves enough entry for daylight at different times of the day.
Chandigarh, India
Le Corbusier was asked to build this new city. Palace of the Assembly, 1957 (liked concrete. In india concrete was cheaper and easier because labor is cheap). Le Corbusier liked concrete. It was easier to do.
The Shodan House
Le Corbusier, 1956, Ahmedabad, India
National Farmers Bank
Louis Sullivan 1908 Owatonna, Minnesota
Chrysler Building
New York City. 1930. 1046 feet tall. William Van Alen. This building is a classic example of Art Deco architecture which is repeated shapes and detail within. -stainless steel cladding on the building -lobby:highly ornamented and rich in color
the shakers
Prime example of a religious aesthetic Believed "beauty arises from practicality" and order is the origin of beauty Established communities in the U.S. Founded on the value of the community and equality of men and women Faith expressed itself in strict rules of daily life, such as cleanliness and simplicity of their houses and furniture
shaker buildings, items, and furniture
Shaker interior with double stairsFurniture was made by hand Items were well crafted, simple and with out anything superfluous They were open to technical innovations Inventions attributed to the Shakers include Circular saw Scale with sliding weights Clothes pins Basket weaving machine
stained glass from Louis Comfort Tiffany Studios
Stained Glass Reflects forms of Nature
William Morris textile designs
Started his own design firm in early 1860s which produced furniture, naturally-dyed cloth, hand-woven rugs, painted tiles, stained-glass windows
Le Corbusier
Swiss born architect, often described as one of the most influential 20th century architects. "Architecture is the masterly, correct, and magnificent play of masses brought together in light." He made the black round glasses iconic (famous) Le Corbusier was a painter, sculptor, writer, furniture designer, and architect. He created many, many innovative works. Le Corbusier is famous for his use of exposed concrete. Functioning as structure and enclosure it is intentionally used as a visual, aesthetic, element in his design of buildings.
Lyndhurst
Tarrytown, New York a landmark example of Gothic Revival architecture with pointed windows and parapets.
Flat Iron Building
The Flatiron Building was one of New York City's first skyscrapers, built in 1902 by Fuller's building company. Daniel H. Burnham was the chief architect. The Flat Iron Building under construction: the structural steel framework supports the exterior stone walls (completely different from load-bearing walls).
gonzales-alvarez house
The González-Alvarez House in St. Augustine is the oldest surviving Spanish Colonial home in Florida. This house dates from the early 1700's Real wood shutters that open and close.
Hancock Shaker Village
The Hancock Shaker Village community was started in 1783. One of the most notable buildings is the "Round Stone Barn", built in 1826.
A machine aesthetic
The Industrial Revolution gave rise to industrial components, machines, and material applications. Glass and steel in particular began to be used as major building materials. This widespread change created a new 'aesthetic': a machine aesthetic, which became one of the foundations of Modernism, and would last well into the 1960's. The invention of mass produced catalogs and mail order of architectural and interior materials and pre-made components, such as windows, doors, sinks, mantle pieces, etc.
concrete
The concrete slabs that makeup the vertical wall structure are pre-cast, tilted up and held in place using steel angle connectors. allows construction of buildings to happen alot quicker for example Ohio University Dorms
'Now' is often a result of 'Then'
The contemporary world, our world, the current state of things, exists in the ways that it does in large part because of the developments and events of the past. It is, without question, true that some things spring up, unexpected and without much of a precedent, but a great many important changes, inventions, and shifts in perception take place because they have evolved, sometimes very slowly, across time, across cultural and technological boundaries.
Pre-Raphaelite Movement
This kind of visual aesthetic is what William Morris wanted to create in place of the industrial world.
Venetian desk lamp
Tiffany Studios An original Tiffany 'Daffodil' table lamp: sold for $24,000, January 2017.Louis C. Tiffany: 'Dogwood Blossom' Table Lamp, circa 1906 $60,000
shaker boxes
Used to hold a variety of household goods Dove-tailed sides prevent wood from warping under wet conditions and copper nails used rather than iron to prevent rusting Are a symbol of their craftsman ship Built-ins Varied Size Drawers Efficiency of Storage Big items in large drawers, small items in small drawers
William Morris
Was a main leader of The Arts and Crafts Movement in England Believed art and design should be a part of normal, daily life Stressed honesty of material and workmanship Opposed the concept of mass production Did not like 'the machine age' and the aesthetic that was growing around machines "Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful." Was concerned about the effects of mass production—pollution, poor quality, too capitalistic. He was a Socialist, believing that government should play a large role to help make society better. Felt that aesthetic and social problems were inseparable Desired a return to "the spirit of the Middle Ages when art and production were closely connected...and artists fashioned goods that were both useful and beautiful."
breakers mansion
a Renaissance Revival house in Newport, Rhode Island, Designed by Richard Morris Hunt, 1899 A fascination for the architecture of Renaissance Europe and the villas of Andrea Palladio inspired elegant Renaissance Revival homes.
Pan Am
built in 1963 808 feet tall, a classic building '60s high rise building designed by Emery Roth & Sons with Walter Gropius --New York City A classic Modern skyscraper
Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum
contemporary Japanese design Located in Kochi Prefecture, Japan (Shikoku region in Southern Japan) is the Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum completed by Kengo Kuma & Associates in September 2010. The museum is a beautiful blend of classic Japanese and contemporary architecture in harmony with it's natural wooded surroundings. Wood is a material that is seen to connect human work and spaces with nature in Japanese design.
Shanghai Tower
currently the world's second tallest building, 2,073 feet tall. Designed by Gensler The gensler-designed skyscraper now open in lujiazui — the city's bustling financial district. Conceived as a 'self-contained city', the tower comprises nine vertical zones that range between 12 and 15 stories. At the base of the structure, zone 1 contains retail and conference outlets, while zones 2-6 offer office space. zone 7 houses a hotel, with further hotels and boutique outlets found in zone 8. Finally, observation levels are included at the peak in zone 9.
movement
developments in architecture and design. An architecture, and design a movement is a tendency or style with a specific common philosophy or goal, held by a group during a designated period of time. A movement may exist during the same time as other movements AND one movement may espouse contradictory, antithetical, points of view to another!
Mackintosh Chair
ladder back chair
Maison Horta
located in Brussels, Belgium, designed by Belgian architect Victor Horta in 1901. Asymmetrical Serpentine Forms
Hill House
located in Helensburgh, Scotland, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh in 1904
