ARH 301 exam 4
Schroeder House - Gerrit Rietveld, Utrecht, the Netherlands - 1923-24
- Gerrit Rietveld, Utrecht, the Netherlands - What makes the Schroder House an icon of the Modern Movement is its radical approach to design, the use of space, and the purity of its concepts and ideas as represented in the De Stijl movement. Its transformational quality of evenly matched spaces composed of independent planes perfectly met the goals of the De Stijl movement. - As with his early chairs, Rietveld gave a new spatial meaning to the straight lines and rectangular planes of the various architectural structural elements, slabs, posts and beams, which were composed in a balanced ensemble. The main structure of the house is of reinforced concrete slabs and steel profiles. Walls are made of brick and plaster; window frames, doors, and floors were made from wood. To preserve the strict design standards about intersecting planes, the windows are hinged so that they are only able to open 90 degrees to the wall.
Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) - Jackson Pollock - 1950
- Jackson Pollock, oil/canvas, 1950 -abstract expressionism: loosely bound group of artists who all used art to express their feelings of alienation during WWII, had moral significance and was universal/ expression of ideas and feelings rather than objects - action painting: the artist actively handled the paint in order to create the piece -laid his canvas on the floor and walked around splattering paint -accident and control in his technique - Over this black framework Pollock wove an intricate web of white, brown, and turquoise lines, which produce the contrary visual rhythms and sensations: light and dark, thick and thin, heavy and buoyant, straight and curved, horizontal and vertical. Textural passages that contribute to the painting's complexity — such as the pooled swirls where two colors meet and the wrinkled skins formed by the build-up of paint — are barely visible in the initial confusion of overlapping lines. -like the surrealists, examined their unconscious -pure, free painting to allow his primal side to take over -Autumn Rhythm is evocative of nature in its title, its coloring, horizontal orientation, and sense of ground and space
Ma Jolie - Pablo Picasso - 1911-1912
- Pablo Picasso, oil/canvas, 1911-1912 - analytical cubism - famous/ iconized because of cubism - artist changed very rapidly - limited pallet - exercise in form not color - stenciled lettering - its not the subject matter that is modern but the way the image is created - cubist grip (horizontal and vertical elements) - seeing an object from several different view points - figures are shifting from 2D to 3D - passage: the way your eye actually moves over an object - Ma jolie (My pretty girl) was the refrain of a popular song at the time and also a nickname for Picasso's lover> a representation of beauty unlike anyone has seen before -The central triangular mass subtly indicates the shape of a woman's head and torso, and a group of six vertical lines at the painting's lower center represent the strings of a guitar, which the woman strums; below the strings, four fingers, with an elbow to the right; and in the upper half, perhaps a floating smile. Together these elements suggest a woman holding a musical instrument, yet this image disappears into an network of flat, pointy, semitransparent cubes. The repetition of these cubes forms a cubist grid which fills the entirety of this image
Still Life with Basket of Apples - Paul Cézanne, oil/canvas. - c.1895 (creation)
- Paul Cézanne, oil/canvas. - Neoclassical. Still life. Intentional errors in the painting: table seems to be too steep the fruit is in danger of rolling off it, cookies stacked below the top layer seem as if they are viewed from the side, but at the same moment, the two on top seem to pop upward as if we were looking down at them. -Jumbled perspective. unlike the fairly simple and static -Renaissance vision of space, people actually see in a fashion that is more complex, we see through both time and space. In other words, we move as we see. - Cézanne realized that unlike the fairly simple and static Renaissance vision of space, people actually see in a fashion that is more complex, we see through both time and space. In other words, we move as we see. In contemporary terms, one might say that human vision is less like the frozen vision of a still camera and more akin to the continuous vision of a video camera except that he worked with oil on canvas which dries and becomes static.
Target with Plaster Casts - Jasper Johns, encaustic/collage/canvas/plastic/wood, - 1955
-Jasper Johns, - encaustic/collage/canvas/plastic/wood, 1955 - encaustic (wax), see newspapers if you look closely covered by thick wax so you cant read them, hints towards the many meanings - collage - canvas - objects - target is no longer a target because its a painting, this sign has been drained of its meaning - the sculptural works function as a sign - multiplicity of meanings: meaning changes, shifts according to what boxes are open -casts of human body parts: first cast, then dipped in paint - makes them like fossils or even more signs that stand for what they represent. "Ear", "hand", "penis": one would like to see them as elements of a portrait, but they cannot be read in that way. -two systems of seeing are locked in perfect mutual opposition, the sign becoming a painting and sculpture becoming a sign
Marilyn Diptych - Andy Warhol, oil/acrylic/silkscreen/enamel/canvas, - 1962
Andy Warhol, oil/acrylic/silkscreen/enamel/canvas, 1962 -silkscreen involves one color being printed at a time, so several screens can be used to produce a multicolored image or design, printmaking method - overemphasize her signature features: blonde hair, red lips, blue eyeshadow - 50 Marilyn's - Abstract expressionism -although seems like an image people would see everyday in pop culture, has a deeper meaning as Marilyn fades away on the right side of the diptych: abuse of drugs in Hollywood industry - Appropriation of an image that already exists - Emotional flatness - Consider the consequences of the increasing role of mass media images: she is simply a sex symbol, no longer a person, flat - Pop art - Replaced the virgin Mary - Worshipping her instead of God - repetition of images
Untitled - Donald Judd, copper - 1969.
Donald Judd, copper, 1969. Minimalism. Not free-standing. Isolated units. Boxes made in a factory (machine-made aesthetic). Each one spaced 6in apart. Replication of the same form over and over suggest machine production (multiple versions of the same thing, product quality). - very evenly spaced boxes - repetition, series, regularity - specific objects not sculpture - viewer activates this work, supposed to walk around it and experience them = almost completely removes the artist from the actual work - minimalism (new york based movement) - not trained as a painter, degree in philosophy= thinker/ intellectual - conceptualized by him but not made by him (industrially made) - non naturalistic, non imagistic, non expressionistic - phenomenology: see objects as simply objects, do not look for meaning - no hierarchy, no frame, no case= breakdown of high and low culture hierarchies
Untitled (Survival Series And Living Series) - Jenny Holzer - 1989
In Holzer's 1989 retrospective installation at the Guggenheim Museum, blinking messages from her various series, -installed along the winding inner wall of Frank Lloyd Wright's spiral ramp. The museum's rotunda was transformed into a dazzling electronic arcade. In bringing her art from the street to the museum, Holzer focused on an audience that differed markedly from the unsuspecting passerby. -The Guggenheim visitors who stood beneath the revolving ribbons of red, green, and yellow texts were more likely to be aware that this installation brought up such issues as the viability of public art, the commodification and consumption of art, and the merging of the personal and the political—in short, some of the pressing issues of American art in the 1980s. - Her strategy-placing surprising texts where normal signage is expected-gives Holzer direct access to a large public that might not give "art" any consideration, while allowing her to undermine the power of advertisements that often go unnoticed.
Horn Players (Dizzy Gillepie) - Jean-Michel Basquiat, acrylic/oil paintstick/canvas - 1983
Jean-Michel Basquiat, acrylic/oil paintstick/canvas -neoexpressionism: new expressionism -graffiti art as a form of expression -wanted to portray black people realistically, activist oriented approach to art - Triptych - Using words and pictures - Main subjects are 2 famous jazz musicians (Charlie Parker and Dizzy) - He's interested in black history - Setting these people up as divine people - Central panel shows distorted head - One side Charlie Parker, the other side Dizzy