Arkansas State University Food and Society Final

Cornerstones of the daily diet in Central America are​

beans and corn

The only staple foods common to many, though not all, Native American nations were:​

beans, corn, and squash

The term used to describe the conventional system of health care in the United States and other Western nations is _____.

biomedicine

Crunchy twice-baked cookie slices served on special occasions in Italy are called:​

biscotti

According to kosher standards, which food(s) is/are not permitted?​

blood from any animals

What are the four meals of the day in Great Britain?​

breakfast, lunch, tea, and evening meal.

In Italy, what dish consists of pizza dough that is folded over a filling of cheese, ham, or salami, then baked or fried?​

calzone

What is the name of a stuffed pasta named for its "little hat" shape served in Bologna, Italy?​

cappelleti

Korean diets in Korea and in America tend to be high in what nutrient?​

carbohydrates

Because the Navajo health system classifies illness by _______ rather than by symptom, clients may have difficulty understanding the necessity for a physical exam or medical history.​

cause

What is the traditional bread served during the Sabbath in Judaism?​

challah

During acculturation, changes in the meal patterns of Mexican Americans are most likely to include​

changes in meal preparation techniques.

What is the key ingredient in "ploughman's lunch" served in British and Irish pubs?​

cheese

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) try to follow the Mormon laws of health in relation to dietary matters, including not consuming​

coffee, tea, or alcohol

The practice in which a spoon or coin is rubbed across the skin for healing or to relieve tension is called _____.

coining

An African American healer would prescribe ingesting Vicks® VapoRub® for what ailment?​

cold

Yoga, massage, and meditation are popular therapies in the category of _______.

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

The dessert dulce de leche is made from what type of milk?​

condensed milk

What are the two components of a message?

content and relationship

Verbal messages are best for conveying _____, while nonverbal messages usually convey information about ______.

content, relationships

Two main protein foods eaten by Greeks virtually daily include lamb and legumes. These are examples of _____.

core foods

What food is of significance in many healing ceremonies?​

corn

Of the states, which has the highest number of resident American Indians?​

California

Which of the following is the specific term used for a person of Mexican descent, born in America, as well as those who immigrated from Mexico and became U.S. citizens?​

Chicano

Worldwide, what religion is followed by the most people?​

Christianity

How does the food intake behavior of the Chinese change as they become more and more acculturated?​

Complex carbohydrate intake decreases.

Which of the following is a majority religion in South Korea?​

Confucianism

In what vessel is "Turkish Coffee" made?

Briki

Many of the mainstream American worldviews, such as family structure and view of food and health, are typical of the​

British

Who is in charge of administration of the federal reservations?​

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Which of the following best describes Chinese food preparation?​

Cooked foods may be eaten cold

The largest concentration of Muslims is located in what American city?​

Detroit​

The religion of most Greeks is​

Eastern Orthodox.​

How were immigrants from the Middle East identified in U.S. records until 1900?​

Egyptian​

The Cajuns of Louisiana are descended from​

French Canadian immigrants

On what day do Roman Catholics traditionally fast?​

Good Friday

In France, what general categories can be used to describe the two types of cuisine?​

Haute and Provincial

Buddhism is based on what other religion?​

Hinduism

Caste distinctions are part of what religion?​

Hinduism

What two religions were developed in India?​

Hinduism and Buddhism

Kashrut is the dietary laws for what religion?​

Judaism

What home remedy used on umbilical cords of newborns has a high lead content and can be dangerous?

Ko'hl

What is the Japanese breed of cattle that is fed beer as an appetite stimulant?​

Kobe

What African American holiday was created in 1966 to celebrate the unity of all people of African heritage?​

Kwanzaa

What is the proper term used to describe people originally from Mexico?​

Latino

What is the term describing the 40 days before Easter that means "spring"?​

Lent

What is the term used to describe Mexicans of mixed Indian and Spanish ancestry?​

Mestizos

What is the law of meat and milk according to Judaism?​

Milk and meat may not be eaten at the same time.

Nearly all Somalis are what religion?​

Muslim

The first Greek Orthodox church in the U.S. was founded in 1864 in which city?

New Orleans

The most important festival in China revolves around what holiday?​

New Year's

What part of the United States has a lower percentage of persons under age 15 and a higher percentage over age 65 compared to national averages?​

Northeast​

​What self-described religious affiliation is identified by the highest percentage of the population in the U.S.?

Protestant

The idea that an individual is directly responsible to God in matters of faith and is thus, in effect, a minister, is the hallmark of what religion?​

Protestantism

Which method is best as avoiding bias?

Questionnaires with ethnic specific foods.

The halal dietary laws are included in what religious scripture?​​

Qur'an

Which religious occasion on the Islamic lunar calendar is associated with a month of daytime fasting?​

Ramadan

In Central America the majority religion across the countries is​

Roman Catholic

What religion has the highest membership in both Italy and Spain?​

Roman Catholic

One type of African healer that uses home remedies or charms to remove evil is a​

Root doctor

Dr. John Kellogg developed the breakfast cereal as a result of the dietary practices of what religious sect?​

Seventh-Day Adventist

What is the indigenous religion of Japan?​

Shintoism

The celebration of Kwanzaa originated in​

Southern California

Hopi Indians from what region were known for using 20 different varieties of corn?​

Southwest

Which European country is the largest producer of olives in the world?​

Spain

What is the main difference between Chinese and Japanese cuisine?​

The Japanese place a greater emphasis on the appearance of the meal

What amendment gave all blacks living in the United States their freedom?​

Thirteenth Amendment

The holiest day of the Jewish calendar year is​

Yom Kippur

What is the belief of the "majority American worldview" in regard to fate?

a belief in personal control over fate.

Researchers have offered a variety of reasons for cultural prohibitions from eating certain meats. One explanation from an anthropological point of view for why Hindus may have a prohibition from killing cows would be that the​

cow provides more economic benefit alive than dead.

When a health care provider imposes her of his beliefs, practices, and values on a patient from another culture, what is this called?

cultural imposition

In the mnemonic CRASH, the letter C stands for what?

culture

In Britain and Ireland, most people take a break in the afternoon and have a pot of tea. When this is accompanied by a substantial meal, what is it called?​

high tea

The African American culture is an example of what type of culture?

high-context

What is the communication style of Latinos?​

high-context and non-confrontational

What is the Greek herbal cure for a sore throat?

honey and lemon

In Iran, body humors need to be kept in balance. In practice, Iranians are primarily concerned with which of the following?​

hot and cold​

Cooked pureed chickpeas are the base for what Middle Eastern dip?​

hummus​

What significant health problem for African Americans is a potent risk factor for coronary heart disease in blacks?​

hypertension

The incidence of low-birthweight infants is 12.4% among African Americans. What is thought to be a likely cause?​

inadequate prenatal care

Eating walnuts to improve brain function is an example of a(n) _______ of food association?

incorporation

Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of Japanese?​

indirect conversational style with frequent pauses

In the "iceberg model of multicultural influence on communication", the iceberg analogy is used because much of what affects communication _____.

is unseen and not readily apparent

Two examples of specific religious guidelines dealing with how to slaughter meat include

kashrut (kosher) and halal.

Many Native American nations are matrilineal, which means what?​

lineage is inherited from the mother

Which of the following describes a high-context culture?

meaning is found in context, not in words.

What food is the most frequently prohibited across cultures?​

meat

The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called _____.

medical pluralism

Sacred healers with exceptional powers among the Native American groups are called _____.

medicine men

Among the Native American nations of the Northeast, who was traditionally served first at a meal?​

men

What type of sauce sometimes includes unsweetened chocolate?​

mole sauce

In the U.S., after immigration, one difference in family structure that is seen between the traditional Mexican family and the Mexican American family is that​

more women work outside of the home

What is an example of an Americanized Mexican food created by Tex-Mex cuisine?​

nachos

How does the birth rate among Hispanic women compare to that of white women?​

nearly twice that of white women

High context cultures have more of an ability to communicate messages through which mode?

nonverbal

What are the parts of an animal that are often discarded, such as lamb's brain, pig's tail, and calf's heart, called?​

offal

During the enslavement period, what were two foods that originated in Africa that were eaten by American black slaves in the South?​

okra and cow peas

What does the term action chain refer to?

one phrase or action leading to another

In China, there are three general types of tea. Which of the following is one of these types of tea?​

oolong

Among the elements that differ regarding a meal are _____.

order of meal courses

In Mexico, an illness is almost always perceived as being due to what?​

outside forces

What type of candies do some blacks believe are helpful in diabetes?​

peppermint

What is the term for a leavened Arabic flat bread?​

pita​

What is the name of cornmeal mush that is often served with cheese or sauce in Italy?​

polenta

Which of the following is a hot condition, which may be relieved by cold foods?​

pregnancy

Elaborate rules regarding food and drink for followers of Hinduism are meant to lead to​

purity of mind and spirit.

​When counseling Native Americans, which of the following is good advice?

recognize the diversity within Native American groups and understand the local culture.

Traditional Native American religions vary, yet they share one characteristic:​

religion permeates all aspects of life.

What is the foundation of the Korean diet?​

rice

What blood disorder that results in anemia is prevalent among African Americans?​

sickle-cell disease

According to the Seventh-Day Adventists, what results from violating the laws of health?​

sickness

What is the term coined in the 1960s associated with fresh meats and vegetables made from scratch and thoroughly cooked?​

soul food

The rate of which disease decreases with increasing acculturation of Japanese in America?​

stomach cancer

Which of the following is practiced by Seventh-Day Adventists?​

strict observation of the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday

The primary factor in consumer food choice is _____.

taste

Which ceremony in Japan represents the search for harmony with nature and within one's self?​

tea ceremony

Which phrase is the best definition of culture?

the beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices of a community of individuals.

In Korea, who fills the role of head of the family if the father is not present?​

the eldest son

The primary social unit of Native Americans is:​

the extended family

Who supervises the use of home remedies in the home?​

the mother or grandmother

The need for humans to experiment with food choices, but at the same time to be conservative, is called _____.

the omnivore's paradox

In West African food, some say texture is more important than taste. What is the preferred texture?

thick and sticky

Among Sudanese immigrants in the U.S., blindness due to what condition is common?​

trachoma

Development of what chronic condition is approximately 1.7 times as common in Hispanics as compared to whites?​

type 2 diabetes

In Korea, a therapeutic use of food follows a classification system known as​

um and yang

The cuisines of East Africa consist primarily of which type of fare?​

vegetarian foods

The fast of Ramadan is broken with what food combination?​

water and dates

What ethnic group is one of the most notable in the northern Mountain states and known for sheep ranching?​

​Basques

In the South, poultry is especially associated with what state?​

​Delaware

​What European settlers are primarily responsible for the Cajun fare that is synonymous with Louisiana?

​French

​Creole cuisine is a combination of which of the following cuisines?

​French, Spanish, African, English, and Native American

What state is known for its whiskey being aged in charred oak barrels?​

​Kentucky

French Acadians from Canada relocated to what state at the end of the 18th century?​

​Louisiana

Israel has many immigrants from all over the world. How has this affected food habits?​

​Many different cuisines have been introduced as a result.

What region of the U.S. has the largest percentage of whites in the nation?​

​Midwest

What region of the U.S. is known as the Great Plains?​

​Midwest

​What type of regional fare is described as no-frills homestead and farm food?

​Midwestern

​What state is the leading producer of catfish in the nation?

​Mississippi

Nearly all recently-arrived Bosnian refugees in the United States are​

​Muslim.

What religion is notable for its high numbers of adherents in the South?​

​Protestant

What region of the U.S. is home to the highest percentage of the population?​

​South

Hot breads are the cornerstone of every meal in what region of the U.S.?​

​South Atlantic

Barbecue in what state involves using two sauces, the mop and the sauce on the side?​

​Texas

​What region of the country has the highest percentages of the population who are Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans?

​West

In what state is the highest rate of heavy drinking found?​

​Wisconsin

What state is the leading U.S. producer of sweetened condensed milk, butter, and cheese?​

​Wisconsin

Northeastern states share​

​an early history of interactions with Native American societies.

An abundance of simple foods means hospitality in the West North Central Midwest region because​

​of the lack of specialty ingredients in the homestead areas.

What is the term used to describe American home-style food prepared with local ingredients?​

​regional fare

What is the main commodity in Alaska?​

​seafood

​Plantations in the South were generally

​self-sufficient operations providing cash crops and household food products.

What vegetable popular in Arizona is a relative of the ground cherry and looks like a green tomato?​

​tomatillo

The Mediterranean diet has what key characteristic?​

high relative intakes of monosaturated fats.

Hispanics represent what percentage of the total U.S. population?​

17%

What year did slave importation to America end?​

1807

Slavery was one of the factors that led to the Civil War. What year did the Civil War start?​

1861

How does the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Native Americans (especially those in the Plains and Southwest) compare to that of the general population?​

2-4 times as great

It is estimated that over what percentage of immigrants in the United States do not have exceptionally good English-speaking skills?

30

Alcohol intake was found to increase by approximately what percentage between Mexican Americans who were born in Mexico and first-generation Mexican Americans born in the U.S.?​

47%

Approximately how many varieties of chile peppers are found in the tropical region of Mexico?​

90

Approximately what percentage of Mexican women breastfeed their infants in the first week of life?​

95%

When people from one ethnicity move to an area with different cultural norms, the process of adapting to the new majority society is called _____.

acculturation

Haram are foods that​

are unlawful or prohibited

When people from one cultural group shed their ethnic identity and fully merge into the majority culture, this process is called_____.

assimilation

Bread is often used as a symbol in many cultures. A symbolic use of bread might be _____.

associating it with religious value

In China, where are special meals with guests typically celebrated?​

at a restaurant

What food group is typically not consumed in Korea?​

dairy

Some African Americans believe that "worriation" results in what disease?​

diabetes

In Nigeria, what condition is believed to be an indication that the infant is male when it occurs during pregnancy?​

edema

Consumption of what substance is common in many parts of Ethiopia and is associated with esophageal cancer?​

enset

What characteristics represent the "tip of the iceberg" in the iceberg analogy used to describe communication?

ethnicity (or nationality), age, gender

If I believe that all cultures other than my own eat "weird" food, my views are _____.

ethnocentric

On fasting days, Muslims are allowed which of the following while the sun is up?​

exercise

In Native American culture, health reflects a person's relationship to nature, broadly defined as the:​

family, the community, and the environment

Which marked dietary change occurred in Ethiopians who relocated to Israel?​

fat intake increased

Rome, the capital of Italy, is best known for what long, flat egg noodle that is mixed with butter and grated cheese?​

fettuccine alfredo

What type of work was available for most early Korean immigrants?​

field work

As people become acculturated, which habits are likely to be the last to change?

food habits

Mexican Americans have high dietary consumption compliance regarding recommendations for what food group?​

fruits

What is the name of a refreshing pureed vegetable soup that is usually served cold in Spain?​

gazpacho

The Cajun music style zydeco got its name from what vegetable?​

green bean

What is the name for thin slices of souvlaki folded into pita bread with tomatoes, cucumber, and yogurt?​

gyro​

The term "food ____" (also called food culture or foodways) refers to the multiplicity of ways in which humans use food.

habits

What is the traditional entrée served on New Year's Eve in Scotland?​

haggis

What term best describes the Native American approach to life?​

harmony

_____ is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

health

Which of the following is a popular home remedy in Central America?​

herbal teas

What is the name of the condition that is caused by eating excessive amounts of rich foods, sweet foods, or red-colored foods?​

high blood