Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases
The pH of lemon juice at 298 K is found to be 2.32. What is the concentration of mc014-1.jpg ions in the solution?
4.79 x 10-³M
How does litmus paper identify a base?
A base turns red litmus blue.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base?
A compound that accepts protons.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
A compound that donates protons.
What is the definition of a Lewis acid?
A substance that accepts electrons to form a covalent bond.
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?
A substance that increases H3O+ concentration when it is dissolved in water.
What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?
A substance that increases OH- concentration when it is dissolved in water.
A substance is dissolved in water and produces hydronium ions. This occurs when hydrogen ions move from the substance to associate with water molecules. Which term best matches the behavior of this substance?
Arrhenius acid
Which term describes a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution?
Arrhenius definition of a base.
An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution. Look at the reaction below of phenol (C6H5OH) with water: Which reactant acts as an acid by contributing a H+ ion to create H3O+ in the chemical equation?
C6H5OH(aq)
Which of these equations correctly expresses the self-ionization of water?
H₂O+H₂O<―>(H₃O+)+(OH-)
Which is a characteristic of a Lewis base?
It behaves as the electron donor.
Which statement describes the Arrhenius interpretation of acids and bases?
It is limited to situations that involve aqueous solutions or specific compounds.
Which characteristic best identifies an Arrhenius base?
It must generate hydroxide ions in water.
A compound accepts electrons from another substance to form a covalent bond. Which term best describes this compound's behavior?
Lewis acid
Which substance has the lowest [H+] concentration but is still considered an acid?
Milk.
Consider the reaction below. HClO3 + NH3 NH4+ + ClO3- Which is a base-conjugate acid pair?
NH3 and NH4+
Which reaction displays an example of an Arrhenius base?
NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Why is citric acid added to food?
To add tartness.
An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. This shows that the substance
is an acid.
