ARS 394 Module 1 Notes

redesu

Japanese genre of ladies stories

Mt Fiji Beneath the Wave (The Great Wave)

"Fuji Seen Beneath the Wave" "The Great Wave" - fishermen caught in wave.

yamato-e

native Japanese painting style & subject matter, stylized features w/ thick bright pigments on handmade paper or silk.

manga-ka

"manga artist" using basic tools such as a pencil, eraser & paper for sketching which is then copied in ink. characters typicially depicted w/ thick lines, backgrounds w/ thin lines. use of B4 & A4 paper ballpoint pens: sketching & felt-tip pens: emphasis on outlines & color waterproof ink (drawing or India ink) & water soluble ink (sumi-e ink) marupen: round pen that produces hard lines providing distinction between thick & thin. school pens: produce extra-fine hard lines. G pens: produce soft and flexible lines, used for dynamic/thick lines to show action. kabura (spoon pens): smooth, fluent soft lines

Mice Transcribing a Book, Kawanabu Kyosai (1831-1889) 1870s

(l1v3 17:54) mice wear kimono & bend over a scroll w/ pen in hand. frogs dressed as samurai to the right (remember Chojo giga scroll?) Kabuki, nio, & popular folk tales of ghosts & ghouls.

Sazae-San by Machiko Hasegawa, circa 1960, ink on paper

*gekaiga format created 1946 & ran in local Kyushu newspaper. serialized in Asahi Shimbun newspaper from 1949-1974. focus on Japanese life and culture made translation into English difficult, achieved 1997. artist born 1920. @ 16 yrs began apprenticeship under Suiho Tagawa (1899-1989). Made by an ordinary young women w/ big heart and quirky sense of humor. Used this strip to discuss the trails and tribulations of post war life. Made into 68 paperback books and an animated/ anime/ television series. A series of 9 theatrical films. Published by her own company.

Kongorikishi by sculptor Jokei, Kamakura Period in Japan, created 1190s

*nio or Guardian King. figure stands beside another by Unkei @ main gateway in front of Kōfuku-ji. realistic, quartz crystals as eyes, nude to the waist, exposed tense muscles & veins in neck & head, engorged in expression of rage. pose: action-oriented violent movement, exaggeration, caricature. Jōkei followed the lead of Unkei and others in the Kei school in pursuit of realism. the figures of Yuima (Sanskrit: Vimalakirti) and Monju (Sanskrit: Manjushri) in the East kōndō of Kōfuku-ji also show Jōkei's interpretation of the Kei aesthetic.

Chojo giga emaki (Scroll of the Frolicking Animals), Heian era, monochrome ink on paper, composed 12th/13th century

*otoko-a manner. 4 scrolls depict "animal court festivals" w/ whimsical characters of humanity. Chinese style. I: human games/rituals performed by animals dressed as people. II: real & fantasy animals III: monks & laymen @ play mimicked by animals dressed as people IV: satire w/ humorous & compassionate observation. monkey dressed as monk offering peach branch before Buddhist altar. wavy lines depict speech. fat frog upon lotus leaf dressed as Buddha w/ bandana leaf. autumn grasses beyond horizon. 3 animal clerk clerics. fox & hare utter incantations - animals wrestling, archery.

Horyu-ji Complex, Nara, Japan built 607 AD

-ji suffix: temple (Horyu Temple) typical Chinese style temple in Japan. Koreans adopted Buddhism from China, and so architecture also came to Korea through China. destroyed by fire before end of century, rebuilt in the same style w/ fewer buildings. rectangular layout w/ 3 structures: inner gate, pagoda aligned to the west, & *kondo (Golden Hall w/ interior walls covered w/ frescoes (c. 710 AD)(damaged in 1949 fire). & stairways on all 4 sides) aligned to the east. surrounded by a wall.

gekaiga

1957: Tetsume Yoshihara: coined term *gekaiga (dramatic picture) for first adult manga. graphic realism in early years w/ depiction of social & political themes. artist working under *gekaiga format: Tsuge Tadao Tsuge Yoshiharu Takahashi Shinji Saito Takao Machiko Hasegawa

white-out corrections

1960s The Monkees: Mike Nesmit

Tale of Gengi by Lady Murasaki Shiki, composed 1000 AD, ink & color on paper during Heian era.

1st novel ever written, composed by a lady in waiting for the imperial court. originally 54 chapters covering 20 scrolls, 100's illustrations, 1000's sheets of calligraphy; 1200 pg in English. nostalgic melancholy of 11th century found in Takaoshi's onna-e emaki. patrons possibly aristocratic connoisseurs. depicts Prince Gengi (illegitimate brother to the emperor) & his true love Murasaki (Lady Murasaki Shiki). Genji's mother Lady Kiritsubo, Emperor Kiritsubo, Ukon, Princess Nyosan, Gengi's childhood crush Lady Fujitsubo, & more.

Buddhism

A belief system based on the teachings of the Buddha that started in India in the 500s BC. challenged the silent, explained the mystery of life by cause and effect. Happiness achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment & overcoming of suffering. Practiced by Korean immigrants in Japan for ~150 yrs until it blended into Japanese culture in the 6th century.

cel

A clear plastic piece that is painted to be photographed for an anime, used in production of cartoons

Youin Shoshi (The Four Immigrants Manga) by Henry Yoshitaka Kaiyama, early 20th century, ink on paper

America's 1st bilingual manga. author born January 9th 1885 in small village of Western Japan. 1904 @ 19 yrs moved to San Francisco attending San Francisco Art Institute. February 1927 exhibition of work @ Golden Gate Institute w/ 52 episodes depicting lives of 3 friends and self in San Francisco from 1904-1924, published 1931. *1906 earthquake. pre WWI aesthetic roots

manga (modern-day) (1990s-)

Astro Boy - Tezuka Shonen Jump New Type X/1999 Neon Genesis Evangelion figure proportions penciler, inker, writer, editor, cover artist, publisher, color comp artist, translator, proof reader. letterer. computer colorist. manipulated body proportions (chibi), standardized tone numbers to indicate shading. density:tone written in blue or yellow pencil. Manga vs Comic: size, way to read (left:right vs right:left): comics: in color w/ square or rectangular panels in straight rows w/ even borders, 32 pgs w/ 6-8 frames to a page w/ advertisements, 10x6 inches. manga: serial format w/ varying frame shapes & sizes, 5-6 frames w/ at least one climactic frame each page, 8x5 inches, usually black & white. nodo: throat Art Spiegelman Frank Miller

Buddhism arrived from Korea (552 AD)

Buddhism revealed to Japan when a king of the Poekche Dynasty in Korea presented a guilt bronze Buddha to emperor Kimmei. Korean king assured the religious doctrine could create religious merit and retribution beyond measure, w/ full appreciation of highest wisdom. emperor Kimmei feared disturbance of *kami (native spirits) yet allowed family to practice the new religion. Just like China. esoteric sects of Buddhism became popular in Japan (eg. images of icons representing the terrible or wrathful aspects of the deities).

The Four Sleepers (Shisui zu) by Mokuan Reien, hanging scroll: ink on paper composed 1345 AD

Chan (Zen) master Bukan & pet tiger, Kanzan: a recluse poet of the 9th cent, & constant companion Jittoku a former monk. symbolized peaceful coexistence w/ nature and enlightened mind. Bukan met Jittoku when he was still a child, raised @ his temple on Mount Tiantai. boy worked in the kitchen. Kanzan visits the monastery to collect food from his friend Jittoku. Bukan normally riding his toger, uses pet as pillow. round seal reading "I'nen," which was used first by Sōtatsu and then by painters in his circle. number of other paintings bearing this seal originally mounted on folding screens, later remounted as hanging scrolls.

Snow White by Walt Disney Studio, 1937

Disney's first animated film feature/ full length film For 40 years treated animation as a family medium. .January 13, 1938

1894

Fall of Tang Dynasty in China, Japanese tradition flourished onward

Betty Boop by Max Fleischer, Fleischer Studio, early 20th century

Fleischer Studios (/ˈflaɪʃər/) was an American corporation which originated as an animation studio located at 1600 Broadway, New York City, New York. It was founded in 1921 as Out of the Inkwell, inc. by brothers Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer who ran the pioneering company from its inception until Paramount Pictures, the studio's parent company and the distributor of its films, acquired ownership. In its prime, Fleischer Studios was a premier producer of animated cartoons for theaters, with Walt Disney Productions's becoming its chief competitor in the 1930s..1921 (as Inkwell Studios)1929 (as Fleischer Studios)Defunct May 27, 1942Betty Boop served as a prototype for anime characters. Debut in 1930's Dishes as a dog. She was a response to Goofy. Retired in 1939

Shogun

In feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure. powerful warlord controlling samurai (knights) hereditary warriors either maintained control or wreaked havoc throughout Japanese countryside. they built castles in the Chinese style to defend territory by signifying wealth and power. sought to prove their legitimacy & establish cultural legacy. patrons of Zen Buddhist monasteries (centers of Chinese learning). Japanese monks visited China & Chinese monks visited Japan under shoguns to teach/establish monasteries.

onomatopoeia

words in use to imitate sounds.

genga

Japanese animation terminology for key animation drawings, literally meaning "original pictures or Genga is a town and commune of province of Ancona in the Italian region

ukiyo-e

Japanese art depicting subjects from everyday life, dominant in the 17th-19th centuries. "pictures of the floating world" Japanese woodblock printing. developed under *Edo (modern day Tokyo). eg (pursuit of pleasure) theater, kabuki theater, pleasure quarters. genre scenes painted in lg formats usually screens that show women's activities (painting, playing games/music, socializing). leisure and wealth, although not aristocrats.

seinin

Japanese genre of young men's stories aged 17-40

manga (19th century)

Japanese illustrated stories or graphic novels often described as "doodles/impromptu drawings" in late 18th century. used to explore broad themes for all audiences. often published in serial form and collected into books. term coined by woodblock print artist Katsushika Hokusai, credited w/ publishing 1st manga 1814. previously used in title of: 1771 Sukuki Kankyo's "Miscellany of Impromptu Drawings" 1798 Kyoden's preface to book "Seasonal Passerby" 1814 Aikawa Minwa's Manga byakujo; "Doodles of 100 Women"

anime

Japanese style of animation, or drawn moving pictures, appearing late 20th century. used to explore broad themes for all audiences. appears in comic books and cartoons, 80% of anime based on manga, terms used interchangeably.

Kana

Japanese system of writing. simplified Chinese characters (known in Japan as kanji) used phonetically.

Katsushika Hokusai (b.1760-d.1849)

Japanese ukiyo-e printmaker/artist. landscapes, cartoons, prints w/ expressive color that transcends scenes. coined term "manga" referring to his humorous sketches published in 15 volumes 1814-1878 w/ no verbal narrative. 1814: Mikawa Minwa published his "Manga hyajuko (Doodles of 100 Women)", Edo period, ink on paper "36 views of Mount Fuji" (sacred Japanese mountain): Edo period, polychrome woodblock print including "Fuji Seen Beneath the Wave" "The Great Wave" "The Great Wave off Kanagawa"

Ando Hiroshige (b.1797-d.1858 AD)

Japanese ukiyo-e printmaker/artist. landscapes. less dynamic and more lyrical & poetic than Hokusai. "56 Stages of Tokaido Road" - velvety, naturalistic, idyllic landscapes still definite in location. "Rainshower on the Ohanshi Bridge"

Kondo

Japanese, "golden hall." main hall for worship in a Japanese Buddhist temple complex. contained statues, sacred images of Buddha and the Bodhisattvas to whom the temple was dedicated.

Gaki

Japanese: ghosts of especially greedy people, "hungry ghosts"

yaoi

MalexMale anime, women's erotic stories

Momotaro, the Little Peach Boy, by J.O. Studios, 1930s

Momotarō (桃太郎, "Peach Boy") is a popular hero of Japanese folklore. His name translates as Peach Tarō, a common Japanese masculine name, and is often translated as Peach Boy. Momotarō is the title of various books, films and other works that portray the tale of this hero.Momotaro quickly beats Micky Mouse Used heavy in WWII propaganda and fights english speaking enemies making Japanese animation fall out of favor.https://fast.wistia.net/embed/channel/014awd7sos?wchannelid=014awd7sos&wvideoid=inqs03ldzo

Masako Togawa b.1931-d.2016)

Norakuro (Black Stay) serialized multi-page monthly magazine. considered politically incorrect post WWII. based on little dog joining imperial army. intended for family view. created by a woman married w/ a child, starring a woman named Sazae (turbot - edible shellfish). compiled into 68 paperback books published by Hasegawa's publishing company she ran with her sisters. made into animated television series & 9 live action theatrical films. Kodanska pioneered English language edition. 1997: 62 million copies of Sazae-san sold.

Edo Period (1603-1868)

Period of Isolation. Only the Chinese and Dutch could trade with Japan on a specific island, otherwise no nations or people permitted entry or exit. Yoshiwara District Edo: modern-day Tokyo. city founded by shoguns as their capital. artistic schools, center of Chinese and eventually Western learning. urban space, new wealth. *Ukiyo-e one of new artistic styles.

The impact of Buddhism on Daoism in China was the same as the impact on ________.

Shinto in Japan.

woodblock print

a print made from one or more carved wooden blocks. in Japan, woodblock prints were made using multiple blocks carved in relief, usually with a block for each color in the finished print.

hentai

a subgenre of Japanese manga & anime characterized by overtly sexualized characters and sexually explicit images & plots.

aori

worm's eye view.

tachikiri

action drawn outside the frame. "cutting apart", something that has been cut apart

nio

active & fierce figures, protectors of the Buddha introduced Middle Heian period. similar to the Fudos, portrayed as violently agitated guardian figures in sculpture. no longer static but now 3D, depicting action & violence of military society. (image: Kongorikishi by Jokei)

Western Naiku & Eastern Geku dedicated to Amaterasu, Shrine at Ise, wood and thatch since 3rd century CE

Western Naiku @ Ise shrine: Amaterasu Omikami: The Great Heaven-Illuminating Deity, became major kami in later Japan Eastern Geku @ Ise shrine: Toyouke Omikami: great spirit of food abundance

Shrine at Ise, wood and thatch since 3rd century CE

ancestral Shinto shrine of imperial family, rebuilt every 20 yrs. 2 rectangular shaped compounds, one in use while other is kept empty, enclosed by 4 layered wooden fences. natural wooden main complex w/ southern thatch & gable fencing. sits upon pillared structure accessed by ladder. surrounded by covered veranda decorated w/ Japanese elements. roof w/ forked finials pointing skyward @ ends. tapered cylinders top heavy ridge, main pillar embedded in ground layered w/ pebbles. forest setting surrounded by sacred Shinto silence. *torii gates mark entrances to most shrines.

otoko-a

animals depicted w/ whimsical characters of humanity. eg Heian era Scroll of the Frolicking Animals.

Toshusai Sharaku (b.1770?-d.1801?)

artist active for only 10 mo. 1794-95. poses of dynamism and energy w/ realism unusual for prints of the time. focus on unflattering details. Tsutaya Juzaburo--the man who discovered Utamaro's talent--commissioned this artist. mostly yakusha-e portraits of kabuki actors. in *kabuki, men wear generalized masks to identify roles/characters. mastery of the medium w/ no apparent apprenticeship, researchers try to uncover true identity. speculated to have been either a Noh actor, a poet from Western Japan, or even Hokusai. artist made 159 of these portraits, didn't continue due to publisher dropping him. squinting eyes, twisting mouth set against ominous mica flicked bg. distortion conveys emotional drama. Otoni Oniji, polychrome woodblock print with mica background, Edo period, Japan. Otani Oniji II as Yakko Edobe, nishiki-e polychrome woodblock print, Edo Period, Japan c. 1794. Ōtani Oniji III in the Role of the Servant Edobei, nishiki-e colour print, Edo Period, Japan c. 1794 1794 1st period from the 5th month of Kansei: 28 ōban prints. 2nd period from the 7th & 8th months of Kansei: 8 ōban and 30 hosoban prints. 1794-1795 3rd period: 47 hosoban, 13 aiban, and 4 ōban 1795 4th period: 10 hosoban and 5 aiban prints from 1st month of Kansei

manga (20th century)

at first a low class media undermining education, public morality & national intelligence, view evolved into a progressive medium portaying repressive social taboos w/ emotional expression. 1920s Sukuhi Bunshiro, editor in chief of Asaki Graphic - idea of children's comic featuring little boy and squirrel "Adventures of Little Sho" became first children's Japanese comic political cartoons w/ topics ranging from plight of working class & women, support of Marxist agenda. July 1926: formation of Japan Manga Artists Federation "Nihon Mangaka Renmei" 1930s manga fairly popular, English comics translated into Japanese (George McManus' "Bringing up Father," Bud Fischer's "Mutt & Jeff," Pat Sullivan's "Felix the Cat") 1931: Kodanska launched comic Boys Club (Shonen Gorakubu) Henry Yoshitaka Kiyama produced America's 1st manga, Youin Shoshi (The Four Immigrants Manga) 1930s through 40s, comics censored & artists imprisoned, especially if they were against the war. 1956-1961: expansion of manga industry, 3 major magazines: March 1959 launched by publishing company Kodansha - "Magazine", contained little manga at first but evolved to be totally manga. 1966: 1 million readers. November 1959 - "Sunday" 1963 - "King" 1960s: manga linked with political radicalism & counterculture. 1970's-80s: evolved to meet changing taste of readers. 1975: ~20 million copies 1990: Tokyo Museum of Modern Art - exhibition of Osamu works Shueisha Shogakukan Kodansha Hakusensha Akita

The Burning of Sanjo Palace (Heiji Insurrection of 1159‐60), by Heiji Monogatari, emaki: ink and color on paper composed during Kamakura period (1185-1333 AD)

based on 9th century 866 AD events. brushwork mimics Shigisen scrolls. artist local to area due to the depicted main gate not having been rebuilt at the time. *onna-e colors, politically charged historical count. vivid characterizations of nobles & commoners w/ accurate representation.

fukan

bird's eye view, looking down from above making characters seem small

"The blue fudo (aofudo) of Myooin" by Koyasan, Wakayama. late Heian era (Fujiwara period) 897-1187 AD on silk.

fierce, wrathful figure wears necklace of skulls, wields a sword.

Hokusai

claimed term "manga" for sketches published in 15 volumes (1814-1878)

shojo

coorelates to Heian Period *onna-e. Japanese genre of young girl's manga, characterized by dreamy focus on appearance (eg overflowing fantasy hairstyles, stylized clothing, schoolgirl uniforms), relationships (eg. playfully expressive emotions w/ little transition), and sometimes animal sidekicks. -Sailor Moon

shonen

correlates to Heien Period *otoko-e. Japanese genre of young boy's manga, w/ less dialogue than *shojo. concentration on liberation from suffering, personal enlightenment. action & hero oriented coming of age stories. superpowers, tools/weapons, dynamic characters. -One Piece

Fujiwara no Nobuyori (b.1133-d.1160)

court minister who set fire to main gate at the imperial palace, unveiled as villain and banished from capital. depicted in The Burning of Sanjo Palace illustrated emaki by Heiji Monogatari.

"Tagasaku & Mokube Sightseeing in Tokyo" by Ralite Kitazawa c. 1902

created for color newspaper Jiji Manga. adventures in the city modeled after American comics. b. in Omiya, studied both Western&Japanese painting in youth, traveling to U.S. like Ippei Okamoto (social/political cartoonist around same time)

otaku

dedicated anime fan w/ passionate knowledge of characters, plots, & artists. Giles Poitras: combination of Japanese character for house and prefix o-: "your house" or polite form of "you" Frederick Schodt: otaku prefer "plastic" women. early scholar of anime & manga. 1997: translated trilingual book (English, Cantonese, Japanese), Kaiyama's Four Immigrants Manga, & published it by Stone Bridge Press, handwritten in Meiji-era Japanese. 1983 "Otaku no Kenkyu (Studies in Otaku" written by Nakamori Akio for manga magazine Manga Burikko applying term to nerdy fans.

Scroll of Hungry Ghosts, handscroll: color on paper, late Heian Period (12th cent)

depicts reincarnation into unpleasant world. Buddhist religious depiction w/ hellish figures which use continued in woodblock prints. 1/7 parts of a story of the *gaki (hungry ghosts) w/ skeleton-thin limbs and swollen bellies, invisible to the human eye. perpetual thirst, licking drops of spilled water in temple cemetery. bustling variety of people in front of the temple contrasted w/ misery of the *gaki depicted in fluid brushwork and light touches of color

fukadashi

dialogue balloons w/ subtle emotional nuances

neemu

draft blueprint of a manga, sometimes as a storyboard. record of basic idea of a story. proposal: character w/ little dialogue, story is put into words, script formation, next a rough story structure, then dialogue.

onna-e

feminine "ladies'" paintings, static & serene, romance & diaries, quiet indoor scenes, elaborate & colorful clothing & decoration w/ beautiful characters

Himeji Castle, Himeji, Japan; built through 14th-17th centuries

first built by the Akamatsu family, redesigned and rebuilt beginning in 1581 by the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and enlarged in 1601-09 by the Tokugawa family. warrior class-farmers and outcasts, religious temples lead to urban castle town. attracted commerce & art flourished. castle w/ tall thick walls, small windows, virtually impenetrable. Ikeda Terumasa @ center of castle as family/lord.

Japan Punch

founded by cartoonist Charles Wirgman. originally worked for Illustrated London News, he founded the English paper in Yokohama. a satirical weekly magazine parodying life/events w/in British Empire. taught Western style painting/drawing techniques while in Japan. credited with introduction of Western comics to Japan. Westerners became characterized w/ exaggerated noses, enlarged heads, long chins. Japanese newspapers then carried American comic strips during 1920s.

Yotsuya: A New Station at Naito by Ando Hiroshige, woodblock print, 1858

from 100 Views of Famous Places in Edo. Western style perspective on both the road and the horse's legs in *aori viewpoint.

torii

gateway @ entrance or within a Shinto shrine, separates sacred world from the mundane. used through Edo period

Rumiko Takahashi (1957-living) (active 1978-) Hayao Miyazaki: (1941-living) (active 1963-)

genres of Japanese manga: action, adventure, sports, romance, sorcery, science fiction, mythology, life lessons. reinforcement of Japanese culture, social values & behavior.

horizon line - eye level

horizon as a vanishing point. fukan vs aori.

Kyosai's Hundred Pictures, Kawanabu Kyosai (b.1831-d.1889) 1866

illsustates various proverbs including "Resistance is Futile" - long necked creatures spook helpless needleshop customer, scaring a dog & old man. depictions of animal's doing men's work continued in woodblock prints.

Chumon

inner gateway or entrance to the precinct of a Japanese Buddhist temple

Oshirasama

lg white spirit (*kami) w/ big cheeks in Spirited Away. anthropomorphic *daikon (Japanese radish)

Beauty, Ten Physiognomic Types of Women by Kitagtawa Utamaro, multi-color woodblock print, composed 18th century

made by separate woodblock (cherry) carved for each color including lines using up to ~20 blocks. luxurious line & color influenced by French avant-garde eg. Toulouse Lautrec & Mary Cassat as well as later anime and manga artists. Edo avant-garde artist Tsutaya Juzaburo (1750-1797) discovered this artist's talent, sole publisher of Sharaku.

otoko-e

masculine "men's" paintings, robust, action filled, active sketches w/ fast moving scenes, blending colors.

hikime kagihana

mask-like faces w/ generalized features. line for an eye, & a hook as a nose.(eg. illustration of the Tale of Genji)

saijin

men's erotic stories

Mokuan Reien (d. 1345 AD)

monk painter. studied in China. style reveals mastery of Chinese ink wash techniques. fluid & descriptive line-work, blurred ink, dry brush shading (Fengan's belly & face). fine lines highlight facial features. The Four Sleepers: Chan theme -

Gengi Onna-e emaki (Tale of Gengi) by Takaoshi, c. 12th cent AD ink and color on paper

onna-e emaki composed by court painter. patrons possibly aristocratic connoisseurs. documents traditions of Kyoto court w/ social & cultural practices. new monk Kiritsubo concerned for his daughter Princess Nyosan who is weeping quietly, wishing to be a nun after burying her lover's child. ladies in waiting also weeping behind curtains to the right. passionate Gengi attempts to dissuade her. Meeting of Gengi's son: tranquil scene w/ emotional turbulence. silkroom dividers display psychological isolation, parallel lines form balustrades. both character's heads inclined toward each other, practicing court etiquette which prevented comments, language, conduct, posture. enabled court painters to master display of emotional conflicts and psychological intensity. *hikime kagihana Heian period through the Kamakura period (yamato-e emaki) *hikinu *fukan depicted normal daily pursuits in women's lives. Okufina looks @ scrolls, surrounding characters powdering, hair brushing, and reading.

Yoshiwara District

pleasure district, regulated by the Bakufu, inaccisable by day, women gained celeb status. known for adult entertainment. visitors read lil yellow *kibyoshi comic book "Koitsu wa Nippon (Best Man in Japan 1784)" in the company of geishas (eg: woodblock print "A Pageant of the Latest Beauties" where *kibyoshi is read by young apprentice seated in the corner, geisha also look at comic book w/ inattention to musical instruments).

Japan to the West by Mathew Perry, 1853

port of Yokohama just south of Tokyo during Meiji period (1868-1912) Japan began to accept Western technology, learning, & comics

Thunder God

red figure, energized grey clouds, fluttering scarves

red fudo (akafudo) & blue fudo (aofudo)

representations of the Immovable, a terror to evildoers. wrath directed at individuals not following the path of Buddhism

kami

sacred being(s) worshiped in Shinto religion, including nature spirits and ancestors that inhabit the world; agricultural spirits (eg. *Oshirasama).

Minamato No Yoshitsume Encounters the Ghost of Tara No Tamomori, composed 1848-1851

scene from Battle of Dannoura in 1185, final confrontations between Taira & Minamoto families ended in latter victory, left Minamoto as sole influence on Kyoto emperor. Taira leader suicide, 1000s of drowning men & the child emperor. ghosts of warriors appear later in storm to threaten victor in l8r battle. dynamic figures, stylized reeds, fierce warrior expressions.

Heian Period (794-1185 AD)

secular art increasing patronage by imperial court's enjoyment of Chinese poetry & illustration. Tokugawa shogunate established Confucian centers of learning and produced new class of powerless Confucians, revived formal training of Chinese art. Middle Heian Period (10th century) emperor's rule became less powerful/effective over time. power transferred to Fujiwara clan & court became largely ceremonial. defacto leader was the *Shogun

The Tale of the Flying Grainary by Shigisen Engi, Heian era, ink and color on paper composed 1156-1200 AD

series of 3 painted scrolls illustrated by artist(s) familiar w/ Buddhist traditions or possibly had access to Kyoto courts. realistically depicted historical events. brushstrokes charged w/ action. miracles performed by 9th cent monk - Myuran of Mount Chigi. golden alms bowl to present grainary to wealthy man was ignored by servants and later carried itself away, missing calligraphy. other 2 scrolls have paintings and some calligraphy remaining. transparent colors, black brushwork highlighting action.

The Hundred Ghosts

series of 5 prints, rarest work

one-point linear perspective

single vanishing point on the horizon

"The red fudo (akafudo) of Myooin" by Koyasan, Wakayama. late Heian era (Fujiwara period) 897-1187 AD

sits upon rock w/ long fangs, glaring eyes, red flames, & wielding a sword. large painting of Fudo Myo-o, expresses characteristic beauty of the Fujiwara period. detailed designs on the garments w/ *kindei: gold that is painted on.

hikinu

subtle emotional nuances. layers of fine lines create raised eyebrows & dotted pupils. centered faces represent humility while surprised faces raise their eyebrows to the side

Shinto

the native religion of Japan with no scriptures or dogma, a system of ancestor worship as well as natural manifestations. developed art, architecture, clergy, and rituals separate from Buddhism. early sacred areas held particular beauty. early shrines mimicked palace architecture. Buddhism influenced & challenged spontaneous interaction w/ spirits in an organized program of ritual observation; explained mysteries of life by the Law of Cause and Effect.

uni

thin lines that emanate from a character, indicates speed. Japanese: "sea urchin"

emaki

traditional Japanese illustrated hand scrolls. viewed leisurely in sections w/ continuous narrative read right to left. compiled by numerous people. master painter selected and sketched scene, colorists added color, another would finalize outline, while a master craftsman mounts & finishes the piece.

two-point linear perspective

two vanishing points in a composition used most often in manga

Cat Trying to Catch a Goldfish by Utagawa Kuniyoshi (b.1797-d.1861)

unusual perspective of fish w/ human characteristics menaced by cat. cats are credited w/ supernatural powers in Japanese mythology & anime.