ART 101

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Grisaille

decoration in tones of a single color and especially gray designed to produce a three-dimensional effect

Blind Contour

drawing made by looking only at subject to capture a line of extreme sensitivity to the subject's edges

Emotive Line

expressive lines, convey movement and/or emotion based on their character and weight

Figure-Ground

relating to or being the relationships between the parts of a perceptual field which is perceived as divided into a part consisting of figures having form and standing out from the part comprising the background and being relatively formless; the differentiation of the foreground (figure) and background (found) in a drawing

Value

relative lightness or darkness

Open Composition

running off or cropped by the edges of the picture plane making a composition that appears that the image extends beyond the borders

Cross-hatching

series of parallel lines that traverse other parallel lines, creating a sense of value, volume, and texture

Structural or Organizational Line

the layout and organization of a form or drawing

Axis

- a straight line about which a body or a geometric figure rotates or may be supposed to rotate - a straight line with respect to which a body or figure is symmetrical (also called axis of symmetry)

Perspective

1. the technique or process of representing on a plane or curved surface the spatial relation of objects as they might appear to the eye; specifically, representation in a drawing or painting of parallel lines as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance 2. the appearance to the eye of objects in respect to their relative distance and positions

Lyrical Line

a subjective line that is graceful, ornate, and/or decorative

Horizon Line

Where the sky and earth meet, providing that the ground is flat and nothing blocks the view; horizon line corresponds to eye level

Implied Line

a line in an artwork that is not physically there but suggested by points in the artwork ex) dotted line

Linear Perspective

a process by which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon

Mass

a shape that appears to stand out in 3D from the space surrounding it or appears to create the illusion of a solid body of material

Tone

a specific unit of value on a gray scale or color scale

Two-point Perspective

a technique in which a three-dimensional object is represented in two dimensions, and in which parallel lines in two of its dimensions are shown to converge towards two vanishing points

Chiaroscuro

a technique of representation that blends light and shade to create the illusion of three dimensions boldly

Cone of Vision

all that can be seen without moving your eyes or head (from a fixed viewpoint)

Mechanical Line

an objective line that unvaryingly maintains a width ex) engineering drawing, blueprints

Closed Composition

contained in or not touching the edges of the picture plane making a composition that is held within the borders

Focal Point/Emphasis

focus

Shade/Shading

gradation from dark to light on the surface of an object that gives the illusion of light striking the object and creating shadows

Ground Plane

horizontal line that extends front the bottom of the picture plane to the horizon

One-point Perspective

in 1-pt perspective, only one vanishing point exists; lines that recede into space radiate outwardly from this point

Atmospheric Perspective (Aerial Perspective)

the expression of space in painting by gradation of color and distinctness

Picture Plane

in painting, the picture plane refers to the flat surface of the canvas or the physical material onto which the paint is applied; it generally refers to the front or the surface image, especially in the case of illusionary depth, although it can also refer to the picture's ground; the illusion of depth and three dimensionality that accompanies certain types of pictures is described as penetrating the picture plane; an imaginary vertical plane that slices through the cone of vision and runs perpendicular to the sight line

Three-point Perspective

included two vanishing points on the horizon line and another above/below the horizon line

Searching Line/Gestural Line

line that captures and defines the essential, implied movement or physical state

Cross-contour Lines

lines that define the outer surface of volumes, establishing their undulations and turning on their surfaces

Foreshortening

technique used to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the distance

Juxtaposition

the act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side; also, the state of being so placed

Volume

the amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object; mass or the representation of mass in art or architecture

Cast Shadow

the dark area that occurs on a surface as a result of something being placed between that surface and a light source

Composition

the essential structure of a picture apart from subject, style, and meaning

Contour Line

the line that delineates both the outside edge of an object and the edges of planes; lines that delineate the edges of forms, separating them from neighboring forms or spaces

Line Quality

the physical and/or psychological descriptors of a line

Highlight

the portion of an object that from the observer's position, receives the greatest amount of light

Shape

the quality of a distinct object or body in having an external surface or outline of specific form or figure; the flat, 2D aspects of form as opposed to its three dimensional volume

Local (Inherent) Value

the relative light and dark of a surface, seen in the objective world, that is independent of any effect created by the degree of light falling on it

Line Weight

the relative strength and darkness of a line, governed by the pressure of your drawing tool

Luminosity

the sensation of light, radiance, or glow in an artwork

Negative Space/Shape

the unoccupied or empty space defined by the positive elements in a composition

Realism or Naturalism

unstylized, factual, accurate depiction, as opposed to style or stylization


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