Art 101 Midterm 1
Richard Serra
Famous sculptor. Created Tilted Arc which caused an Upraor and was removed after four years by the people who payed to have it put up.
Henri Gaudier-Brzeska
Female Nude, Back View
Jan van Eyck
Arnolfini and His Wife
Bridget Riley
Drift
Calligraphy
Handwriting as a form of art.
Robert Mapplethorpe
Lis Lyon
How do the terms analytic, classical, expressive, and gestural, all relate to line?
➢ Analytic/Classical - Refers to Greek art of 5th century, logical, structure and control. ➢ Expressive - line that spring directly from the artists emotions or feelings, gestural, and energetic. ➢ Romantic - Feelings and passion, quick line, imprecise, and fluid, flurry of curves, knots, and linear webs.
What is "ethnocentric appraisal?" What does Kenneth Clark have to do with it?
➢ Evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture. ➢ Kenneth Clark in his book Civilization he criticized the work of the West African mask, "to the negro imagination it is world of fear and darkness" whereas the Greek image of Apollo held "a world of light and confidence".
What are four iconic symbols in The Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, and what do they represent?
➢ Green wedding dress meant to suggest brides natural fertility ➢ Groom's removal of his shoes is a reference to God's commandment to Moses to take off his shoes when standing on holy ground. ➢ Single candle burns in the chandelier above the couple, symbolizing the presence of Christ at the scene ➢ The dog is associated with faithfulness and marital fidelity
What are the different types of perspective, (1 pt., 2 pt., axonometric)? When were they first understood?
➢ One-point linear perspective: lines are drawn parallel and they recede back to one single point (see pgs 86 & 87) examples: Da Vinci's Last Supper, Daccuio's Death of a Virgin ➢ Two-point linear perspective: has two vanishing points where parallel lines trace back to 2 single points. Pg 88, Ex: Gustave Caillebotte, Europe on a rainy day. ➢ Axonometric projection: all lines remain parallel rather than receding to a vanishing point and all sides of the object are at an angle to the picture page (pg 89 fig 5-21). Almost like an eye illusion.
What are some ways that artists make flat space seem three-dimensional?
➢ Overlapping ➢ Changing size and placement ➢ Linear perspective ➢ Relative hue and value ➢ Atmospheric perspective.
What are three steps in the process of seeing according to Sayre?
➢ Reception ➢ Extraction ➢ Inference
What are representational works of art? Abstract? Non-objective?
➢ Representational artwork aims to represent actual objects or subjects from reality. ➢ Abstract - rendering of images and objects in a stylized way, though they remain recognizable ➢ Non-Objective art takes nothing from reality. It is created purely for aesthetic reasons. -> use the elements and principles of art in a way that results in a visually stimulating work
One-point perspective
A version of linear perspective in which there is only one vanishing point in the composition.
Collage
A work made by pasting various scraps or pieces of material—cloth, paper, photographs—onto the surface of the composition.
Maya Lin
22 years old when she designed the Vietnam War Memorial. was hated at first because it was underwhelming and sunk into the ground instead of rising up.
Claude Monet
A founder of French Impressionist painting. Water Lilies
Implied line
A line created by movement or direction, such as the line established by a pointing finger, the direction of a glance, or a body moving through space.
Line
A mark left by a moving point, actual or implied, and varying in direction, thickness, and density.
Monotype
A printmaking process in which only one impression results.
Why do some artists/cultures prefer using brushes to create work?
A soft brush tip allows them to control the width of their lines, gives a sense of immediacy and spontaneity. It is a long tradition in the East
Shape
A two-dimensional area, the boundaries of which are measured in terms of height and width. More broadly, the form of any object or figure.
Two-point perspective
A version of linear perspective in which there are two (or more) vanishing points in the composition.
Kane Kwei
African sculpted that creates artistic coffins such at his one that looks like a film projector. Coffin in the shape of a film projector.
Jasper Johns
American painter, sculptor and printmaker associated with Abstract expressionism, Neo-Dada, and Pop art. Flag
Sol LeWitt
Famous for his autographic line art that he creates directions for and then is created by others. Wall Drawing No. 681
Non-objective
Art that makes no reference to the natural world and that explores the inherent expressive or aesthetic potential of the formal elements—line, shape, color—and the formal compositional principles of a given medium. Also known as nonrepresentational art.
Titian
Assumption and Conservation of the Virgin
Rene Magritte
Belgian surrealist. Famous for Pipe
How are John Taylor and Howling Wolf's renditions of Treaty Signing at Medicine Creek Lodge different?
Both depict the signing of a peace treaty however Taylor's was done in pen and on paper and it shows a crowded area with many white and Indians, Wolf (a native American) is done in color and on a ledger and it shows only the important Whites and Indians in the center with all the others on the outside looking in. Wolfe also gives more attention to the river.
Kenneth Clark
British art historian, museum director and broadcaster. Wrote book The Nude:A Study in Ideal Form. Ethnocentric appraisal.
Michelangelo
Famous for his naked sculpture of David- Represented David's triumph over Goliath in the republic or Florence.
Beatriz Milhazes
Carambola (What inspires this artists work?) her native land of Brazil and its bright colors
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Charles the First
Hung Liu
Chinese-born American contemporary artist. Relic
What does Sayre mean by "active seeing"? How does language fit into our understanding of art?
Everything we see is filtered through a long history of fears, prejudices, desire, emotions, customs and beliefs. Through art we can understand these filters and look more closely to the visual world.
Faith Ringgold
God Bless America (how are the elements of the flag used symbolically?)
What is James Turrells primary medium?
He was an architect primally concerned with light and space.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Italian Renaissance sculptor and painter. Mona Lisa
Michelangelo
Italian sculpter and painter. David- famous controversial sculpture.
Renzo Piano
Jean-Marie Tjiboau Cultural Center (What type of architecture is this?)
Alexander Calder
La Grande Vitesse (looked at in class, Grand Rapids, Michigan) at first people hated it but it became the logo for the town.
Leonardo da Vinci
Last Supper (what type of perspective used in this fresco secco?)
What are visual elements?
Line, Shape, Space, Color, and Texture
What is the NEA and what program did it create?
National Endowment for the Arts (NEA): The Endowment's plan was to expose the nation's communities to "advanced" art. It created the Arts in Public Places Program.
Marcel Duschamp
Nude Descending a Staircase
What are the types of line?
Outline: makes it two-dimensional Contour line: makes it three-dimensional Implied line: is created when the artist lifts the pen or pencil from the paper, continuing its direction of travel, and then applies pressure again. Extends beyond border, movement, line sight Digraphic - lines heavier more in front Gestural line - free sketch (lines used to sketch and bring out contour lines through adding detail to a drawing)
Albert Beirstadt
Puget Sound on the pacific Coast
Linear Perspective
See one-point linear perspective and two-point linear perspective.
Martin Puryear
Self
How does Janine Antoni's Touch manipulate space?
She makes it appear that she is walking on an impossible to achieve horizon. It leaves us seeing what was always right in front of us.
Pablo Picasso
Spanish painter, sculptor and so on. Created Study for Les Demoiselles d'Avigon: Head of the Squatting Demoiselle.
Vinvant Van Gogh
Starry Night
What is the difference between "subject" and "content?"
Subject is the literal image while Content is the meaning of the image
Olafur Elliasson
Suney (How does this work manipulate space?) creates the illusion that the back half of the room is bathed in yellow
Andrea Mantegna
The Dead Christ (What perspective technique is used in this work?)
J. L. David
The Death of Socrates (How does this image use vertical/horizontal lines?)
Jasper Johns
The Three Flags (How does the composition affect how the work is seen?)
Rene Magritte
The Treason on Images (What does this work make you question?)
Outline
The edge of a shape or figure depicted by an actual line drawn or painted on the surface.
What, according to philosopher Nelson Goodman, "selects, rejects, organizes, discriminates, associates, classifies, analyzes and constructs?"
The eye, it mirrors each individual's complex perception of the world.
Content
The meaning of an image, beyond its overt subject matter; as opposed to form.
Foreshortening
The modification of perspective to decrease distortion resulting from the apparent visual contraction of an object or figure as it extends backward from the picture plane at an angle approaching the perpendicular.
Contour line
The perceived lines that mark the border of an object in space.
Figure-ground
The relationship between a work of art (the figure) and the surface upon which the work is made (the ground).
Iconography
The study or description of images and symbols.
Texture (implied/actual)
The surface quality of a work.
How does Hung Liu, Matthew Ritchie, Sol LeWitt utilize line in their work?
They utilize a clean precise line-creating emotionally charged abstract work.
Richard Serra
Tilted Arc
What is a primary reason for artists to use abstraction?
To express their creative views
Janine Antoni
Touch
Howling Wolf
Treaty Signing at Medicine Creek Lodge
John Taylor
Treaty Signing at Medicine Creek Lodge
Guillermo Gomez-Pena and Coco Fusco
Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit London
Frank Gehry
a Canadian-born American architect. Fish Lamp, Superlight Chair, Pito Water Kettle.
Henri Matisse
a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. Woman With a Hat
Christo/Jeanne-Claude
over the river
Nelson Goodman
philosopher who stated that the eye mirrors each individuals complex perceptions of the world