ART 106

Fauvism

1905,Paris. Fauvism was a short-lived movement concerned with the liberation of color and the formal structure of a work of art. Fauve is a title which means "wild beast." This group first exhibited paintings in 1905 in Paris. The leader of this group was Henri Matisse, who painted pictures of revolutionary simplicity and high chroma, arbitrary color. Other painters of this group were Rouault, Derain, Vlamick, and Dufy

Futurism

1910.A movement in modern art that grew out of cubism. Artists used implied motion by shifting planes and having multiple viewpoints of the subject. They strived to show mechanical as well as natural motion and speed. The beginning of the machine age is what inspired these artists. Frank Stella and Giacomo Balla were futurists.

Cubism

1910.This movement in painting and sculpture was fathered by Picasso and Braque, and influenced by the conceptual painter, Paul Cezanne. Cezanne believed that the world could be perceived as groups of planes or solid geometric forms, (cubes, cylinders, spheres).

Dada

1915. Dadaists shared antimilitaristic and anti-art attitude. These attitudes were generated by the horrors of World War I. These artists did very little painting. They preferred to make constructions called ready mades. Eg. Marcel Duchamp

Surrealism

20th century art movement that searched for the ways to express the world of dreams and the unconscious. Term is used for both "naturalistic" and "biomorphic" (abstract).

German Expressionism

A few German artists at the beginning of the century shared the expressionist goals of Fauves. Their desire to express attitudes and emotions was so pronounced and sustatined that we call their art German Expressionism. They developed imagery characterized by vivid, often angular simplifications of their subjects, dramatic color contrasts, with bold, at times crude finish. This made their works intense. German Expressionists built on the achievements of Gauguin and van Gogh and the soul-searching paintings of Munch. These German artists felt compelled to use the power of expressionism to address the human condition, often exploring such themes as natural life, sorrow, passion, spirituality, and mysticism.

Synthetic Cubism

A later phase of Cubism, in which paintings and drawings were constructed from objects and shapes cut from paper or other materials to represent parts of a subject, in order to engage the viewer with pictorial issues, such as figuration, realism, and abstraction.

" Sculpture

Alex Calder's 1932 Mobile represents a sculpture that actually interacts with the space around it! With lightweight metal and plastic, Calder creates a literal mobile that defied most conventional styles of sculpture at the time.

Architecture from whole chapter

Art Deco is similar to Art Noveau except it shirks the organic motif for something much more rigid, robotic, and mechanical. Fritz Lang's 1927 Metropolis features tons of Art Deco set designs of larger city-wide architecture of the Art Deco mold. Very popular in cinema and representations of this time period!

Modern Sculpture

Artists attempted to apply their ideas natural elements like wood. Barbara Hepworth, two figures 1936 combines smooth borders with oddly placed holes and incongruency to turn wood into an almost synthetic element.

De Stijl

Dutch post-WWI movement that believed that their style revealed the underlying structure of existence; art was simplistic and used primary colors and horizontal and vertical lines (invented by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg)

The US 1900 to 1930 Photography

Photography remained very important to American art and culture throughout this period. Edward Weston, Nude 1925 represents a photographic version of the tried and true female nude but does not include the legs or the face and head.

The US and Mexico 1930 to 1945 including: Painting

Rather focused on realism and situational composition. Edward Hopper's Nighthawks shows the viewer a picture of a resturant or diner from the outside looking in through the windowsIt portrays a seemingly idyllic way of life that felt unsustainable.

Suprematism and Constructivism

Suprematism = abstract style developed in Russia that suggested that supreme reality in the world is pure feeling...attached to no object

The US 1900 to 1930 Painting

The Great Depression became a very powerful subject for painters during this period. But the European movements arrived here with the coming of immigrants from European homelands. Edna Reindel's 1936 The Bull Fight depicts a subject not particularly common to Americans but in a style ubiquitous with American paintings of the period.

" Photography

The image that sticks in the memory is the one of the sad and distraught looking mother in Migrant Mother by Dorthea Lange from 1936. It depicts a mother and her children, but she looks much older than she probably is, brought on by the stress and toll of a life simply finding a way to survive every waking day.