ART 1100 MIDTERM

3. The imagery in Faith Ringgold's God Bless America was inspired by the

Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.

20. In the history of art, with what has the color black been associated?

Goethe associated black with the absence of good, but for African Americans, black is a color of pride.

24. How did Kenneth Clark know of the African dancing mask he disparaged in his television series and book Civilization?

He owned it.

3. In Harmony in Red (The Red Room), Henri Matisse deliberately intended to violate the laws of perspective. Why?

His interests were in things other than verisimilitude.

22. In the history of art, the association of good with light and evil with dark was first fully developed by

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

6. Which of these pieces best illustrates the use of variety over unity?

Louise Lawler's Pollock and Tureen

1. Which of these artists created a work titled Pietà?

Michelangelo

15. Dunhuang is the site of a great collection of early Chinese art that fills the

Mogao Caves.

10. Some works of art are created precisely to give us the illusion or sensation of movement. This style of art is called

Op Art.

6. How is a viewer's experience of the Rubin vase similar to that of experiencing Eliasson's Suney?

Perception changes in response to light.

16. Artists sometimes choose to paint objects using colors that are not "true" to their optical or local colors. This is an example of the expressive use of

arbitrary color.

8. The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan

as a mausoleum for his favorite wife.

7. Where is the vanishing point in the perspective analysis of Duccio's Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin, from the Maestà Altarpiece?

at several points in the composition

4. J. M. W. Turner uses two types of perspective in Rain, Steam, and Speed—The Great Western Railway. What are they?

atmospheric and one-point

21. The background mountains in Leonardo's Madonna of the Rocks provide a perfect example of

atmospheric perspective.

11. When a style of line becomes associated as an artist's work, we say it is

autographic.

13. In the Rubin vase illustration, the black shape can be seen alternately as a foreground object resembling a vase or as a background space between two white profiled faces. What is this relationship called?

figure-ground reversal

2. Jasper Johns chose to paint his image of the American flag to express

his proclivity for things seen but not examined.

13. Wenda Gu creates calligraphy using

human hair.

7. In the sixteenth century, The Ghent Altarpiece, which represents the divine, was threatened by

iconoclasts.

2. Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami depicts many objects that have symbolic meaning. The use or study of these symbols is called

iconography.

17. In architecture, the enclosing walls of a room create

negative space.

21.When a work does not refer to the natural or objective world at all, it is called

nonobjective.

22. Paul Strand's Abstraction, Porch Shadows reflects a twentieth-century effort to challenge the viewer's perspective with

odd or distorted perspective.

1. Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper is based on what specific type of perspective?

one-point linear perspective

8. In Deliverance, which technique does Steve DiBenedetto use to create a sense of space?

overlapping images

5. Painter Richard Haas improved the unappealing façade of the Oregon Historical Society by

painting a trompe-l'oeil mural on it.

15. The range of colors that an artist has preferred to use in a work is referred to as the

palette.

17. The Impressionists were concerned with rendering

perceptual color.

4. When a painting is so real it appears to be a photograph, it is called

photorealistic.

2. The artist that painted La Chahut (The Can-Can) was interested in harmonizing complementary colors. The resulting process came to be known as

pointillism.

2. Chartres Cathedral's rose window best illustrates

radial balance.

6. According to Sayre, what are the three steps in the process of "seeing"?

reception, extraction, inference

6. Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami, like René Magritte's The Treason of Images, is concerned with

images that are not literally what they appear to be.

14. Van Gogh builds up his lines in thick, bold strokes that possess an almost structural quality known as

impasto.

7. Lines that create a sense of movement and direction are called

implied lines.

5. Where is the focal point in the Baroque painting Joseph the Carpenter by Georges de La Tour?

in the child's (Jesus') face

12. A color's brightness or dullness is called its

intensity or saturation.

14. On Newton's color wheel, colors that lie directly between a secondary and primary are called

intermediate colors.

10. The author describes Chuck Close's painting Stanley as "layered" pointillism because

it is made of thousands of little square paintings.

9. We can clearly see the artistic impulse to "give form to the immaterial," to represent hidden or universal truths, spiritual forces, and personal feelings in

religious art.

11. The terms "naturalistic art" or "realistic art" are sometimes used to describe

representational art.

18. Naturalism is a brand of representation in which the artist

retains realistic elements but presents the world from a personal or subjective point of view.

16. Repetition often implies monotony, yet it also creates a sense of

rhythm.

14. Max Ernst developed a technique called frottage, which involves

rubbing a sheet of paper over a textured surface.

18. The dimensions of an object, in relation to some constant, such as the human figure, are known as its

scale.

1. Renzo Piano's Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center is an example of "green architecture." Such buildings are praised for their

self-sufficiency.

7. In the kente cloths of the Asante and Ewe societies of Ghana, pattern is associated with

social prestige and wealth.

15. Unlike a Renaissance painting, time-based media like Teresa Hubbard's and Alexander Birchler's Detached Building can utilize the element of

sound.

4. The Taj Mahal is a perfect example of

symmetrical balance.

9. Michelangelo's Head of a Satyr renders form through the use of

cross-hatching.

8. Rudy Burckhardt's photos teach us that Jackson Pollock longed to be involved in

the process of painting.

19. Proportion is defined as

the relationship between the parts of a composition and the whole.

5. Beatriz Milhazes's Carambola is based on

the square.

9. What cultural conventions did Robert Mapplethorpe challenge in his photographic portrait of female bodybuilder Lisa Lyon?

the traditional representation of the female nude

27. Hatching and cross-hatching are ways of turning line into

volume.

24. The temperature of Jane Hammond's Fallen, with a color scheme of oranges, yellows, and reds, can be described as

warm.

14. In a work of art, "content" refers to

what the work means.

6. With atmospheric perspective, objects further from the viewer appear

cooler and less distinct.

7. What might have affected Pablo Picasso's severe style of representation seen in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

African masks he saw at a Paris museum

14. What female types does Mickalene Thomas's Portrait of Mnonja evoke?

African-American superstar divas of the 1970s

23. Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast was painted by

Albert Bierstadt.

13. Sayre states that he believes that all people are creative, but artists possess qualities that most do not. Which of the following best describes these qualities?

Artists are critical thinkers, meaning they question assumptions and explore new directions.

16. Which is the most obvious difference between Bernini's David and Michelangelo's David?

Bernini's David is caught in the midst of action.

26. How is Wolf Kahn's Afterglow I comparable to Willem de Kooning's North Atlantic Light?

Both paintings are largely concerned with the effects of light.

7. A friend of Claude Monet described his great paintings of Water Lilies, Morning: Willows in the Musée de l'Orangerie as demonstrating

Brownian motion.

17. How does Chérie Samba's Calvary use line to draw a parallel between the painter and Christ?

Implied lines arc over the artist, connecting him with the soldier's imminent whipping.

23. In the 1660s, who discovered that color is a direct function of light by passing sunlight through a prism and observing the bands of spectrum of colors?

Isaac Newton

9. The Triumphal Entry page from the Shahnamah manuscript, a sacred text, exemplifies the preference of word over image in

Islamic art.

17. What is the subject matter of Shirin Neshat's Rebellious Silence?

It depicts a Muslim woman in a black chador, a rifle dividing, and Farsi text inscribed over her face, showing her as liberated and equal to men.

4. What is the subject matter of Isidro Escamilla's Virgin of Guadalupe?

It depicts the Virgin Mary at Tepeyac.

19. There is a contradiction in the appearance of Martin Puryear's Self. What is it?

It is much lighter than it appears, because it is hollow.

16. Why is the stereoscope such an effective means of describing "real" space?

It mimics binocular vision.

4. What is the function of the nkisi nkonde figure?

It pursues wrongdoers at night and punishes them when nails are driven into it.

18. Jacques-Louis David's The Death of Socrates is set up in a system of right angles on a grid structure. How does this affect the content of the piece?

It reiterates the rationality of Socrates' actions.

5. What is the metaphorical significance of the feast-making spoon sculpture from the Ivory Coast?

It represents the imagination transforming an everyday object for good.

11. How did Michelangelo's David become political?

It was placed in Florence's government square as a symbol of the Republic's freedom from the Medici family.

20. SAMO is a name adopted by

Jean-Michel Basquiat.

1. In The Treason of Images, the artist combines awareness, creativity, and communication by encouraging the viewer to look closely at an object. The artist is

René Magritte.

10. Hung Liu studied and taught painting with a strict classical line that is associated with the style of

Russian Social Realism.

19. Kazmir Malevich called his art

Suprematism.

25. Why were images in religious settings destroyed in sixteenth-century northern Europe?

The Ten Commandments forbid images.

10. What relationship exists between Leonardo da Vinci's perspective system in The Last Supper and the painting's actual location?

The painting's perspective is directly linked to the architectural space of its location.

12. In what way can a large-scale work be considered a temporal art form?

The spectator moves through time and space to view it.

8. How does Mary Cassatt assert a more active role for the woman in her painting In the Loge?

The woman's face and hand enter the space of light used for the male zone.

13. Why are images traditionally frowned on in Islamic art?

The word can be trusted in a way that images cannot.

10. On what basis did a Cincinnati jury acquit the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center and its director of obscenity in showing an exhibition of Robert Mapplethorpe' s work?

The work possessed "serious artistic value."

14. Although created for different purposes, Barbara Hepworth's Two Figures and the African feast-making spoon share a similar trait. What is it?

They are both positive forms that contain negative space.

6. How are Rembrandt's Three Crosses and Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night similar?

They both use expressive line to convey emotion.

17. When each side of a composition is exactly the same, it shows

absolute symmetry.

22. The less representation resembles the real world, the more it is considered

abstract.

9. In Manuel Neri's sculpture Mujer Pegada Series No. 2, the smooth and rough areas of bronze provide examples of

actual texture.

8. Objects that are intended to stimulate a sense of beauty in the viewer are thought to be not merely functional but

aesthetic.

10. When an artist deliberately avoids emphasis, we say that the work is

afocal.

6. Claude Monet's Water Lilies, Morning: Willows and Bridget Riley's Drift No. 2 are similar in that both

allude to the movements of water.

9. Jan Vermeer's Woman Holding a Balance is a perfect example of

an asymmetrically balanced composition.

5. What was the inspiration for Grace Ndiritu's Still Life: White Textiles?

an exhibition of work by Henri Matisse in 2005 in London

4. How is Sol LeWitt's line in Wall Drawing No. 681 C best described?

analytic

7. Ben Jones's Black Face and Arm Unit uses color and line in the form of bands, ornaments, and scarifications reminiscent of the facial decorations in

ancient African sculpture.

5. Paul Colin's Figure of a Woman, surely derived from the artist's association with Josephine Baker, achieved the techniques of chiaroscuro by using

black and white crayon on beige paper.

2. In Rembrandt van Rijn's The Three Crosses, how did the artist create a darkening landscape as the eye moves away from the crucified Christ?

by increasing the density of the lines

16. What is the chief form of Islamic art?

calligraphy

13. What idea was made famous by the ancient Greeks as a model of architectural proportion?

canon

5. Hung Liu's paintings, such as Three Fujins, rely on contrasts between two very important elements,

carefully drawn structural lines and uncontrolled drip lines.

11. One of the chief tools employed by artists of the Renaissance to show the effects of light is

chiaroscuro.

11. Which of the following is not an aspect of texture?

content

15. Lines that form the outer edge of a three-dimensional shape and suggest its volume are called

contour lines.

13. On the color wheel, blues and greens are usually thought of as

cool colors.

3. In Enguerrand Quarton's Coronation of the Virgin, the artist has organized the design of the composition to emphasize the most important part of the composition, which is the

crucifix.

4. Paul Cézanne's Mme. Cézanne in a Red Armchair illustrates the artist's strong interest in

design.

25. What did Jane Hammond use to create Fallen?

digitally scanned and printed images of a leaf

3. Mary Cassatt has manipulated light and color in In the Loge to emphasize the

division between male and female spaces.

21. When and where was linear perspective first codified (studied, organized, and written down)?

during the Renaissance in Italy

15. What kind of reading does Kenneth Clark illustrate in his assessment that an ancient Greek statue represents a "higher state of civilization" than a West African mask?

ethnocentric

1. Hokusai's The Great Wave makes a statement about scale, in part because

everyone in Japan knows the scale of Mount Fuji.

1. The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh indicates the power of the artist's

expressive line.

23. Which medium is preferred by time-based artists for its high image quality?

film

11. In the nineteenth century, Japanese prints began to influence European painters, particularly in their

flattening of space between foreground and background.

18. Which medium did sculptor Dan Flavin employ to transform a room?

fluorescent lighting

12. In The Dead Christ, which technique does Andrea Mantegna utilize to adjust the distortion created by the point of view?

foreshortening

2. William A. Garnett took photographs of American landscapes

from the window of an airplane he was piloting.

12. Lines that are loose and free-form are called

gestural lines.

19. In Pat Steir's The Brueghel Series: A Vanitas of Style, a series of sixty-four separate panels are held together by what category of line?

grid lines

20. Frank Gehry has been called a postmodern architect, primarily because

he purposely creates a sense of discontinuity by employing variety over unity.

9. Which element of Matisse's Harmony in Red (The Red Room) creates a visual contradiction to the work's title?

its representation of spatial depth

13. Alexander Calder's "mobiles," like Untitled, move when air currents move through them, making them

kinetic.

3. While in prison, Howling Wolf made many drawings called

ledger drawings.

16. We know about Vincent Van Gogh's thoughts on his work The Sower from

letters he wrote.

3. Titian's Assumption and Consecration of the Virgin demonstrates the power of

lines of sight.

15. A picture drawn in perspective that employs a single point of vision is called

monocular vision.

10. The symbolic hand gestures that refer to specific states of mind or events in the life of Buddha are called

mudras.

3. Because Gianlorenzo Bernini's David tells a story—of David slaying Goliath—it is said to have what kind of sequence?

narrative

1. Artist Artemisia Gentileschi heightens the drama of Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes by using a technique that comes from an Italian word meaning "murky." This technique is called

tenebrism.

8. The painting The Treason of Images asks us to consider

that images and words refer to things that we see but are not the things themselves.

11. In Vermeer's Woman Holding a Balance, a painting on the wall behind the woman depicts

the Last Judgment.

8. Yoshitomo Nara's Dead Flower contrasts its menacing subject with the use of a heavy outline associated with

the cuteness of a juvenile style.

19. At the end of the nineteenth century, which invention allowed color to be projected with increased brightness and clarity?

the electric light

12. The title of Willem de Kooning's North Atlantic Light refers to

the feeling of light.in the painting.

12. In her painting Still Life with Lobster, Anna Vallayer-Coster establishes emphasis through

the manipulation of light and color.

15. In Frida Kahlo's The Two Fridas, to what purpose does the artist use symmetry?

to explore feelings about her husband's rejection of her

12. The mission of the National Endowment of the Arts, as defined when it was first funded by Congress in 1967, was

to teach the public how to see and appreciate "advanced art."

2. Gustave Caillebotte's Place de l'Europe on a Rainy Day is based on what specific type of perspective?

two-point linear perspective

20. Which element of Janine Antoni's Touch, if changed from its position in the original frame view, would break the illusion of flattened space?

vantage point

26. What is yellow's complementary color?

violet

18. Which theme connects Paul Strand's Geometric Backyards, New York and Julie Mehretu's Berliner Plätze?

visual effects of perceptual space

14. When dealing with balance in a composition, an artist or designer is actually dealing with

visual weight.