Art 2130 Exam 3

Biomorphic

A term used in the early 20th century to denote the biologically or organically inspired shapes and forms that were routinely included in abstracted Modern Art. Ex. Joan Miro's Composition

Reliquary Guardian mid-late 19th century. Wood, metal and shell. -The Fang, along with other peoples who live near the Atlantic coast, shared a number of similar institutions and beliefs in which the skulls, bones and relics of ancestors who had preformed great deeds in during their lifetimes were collected after burial and placed in a cylindrical bark container, which was preserved by family. -deeds: victory in war, killing elephant, being first to trade with Europeans, bearing a lot of children, or founding a community. -The bones and relics of deceased family members were thought to have special powers that could be drawn upon to aid the living with problems with fertility, hunting, farming or embarking on a commercial venture. -As a point of focus for mediation between the ancestors and the living, the Fang places a wooden sculpture called a bieri on top of the container holding relics. These sculptures functioned as points of contact for ancestral veneration and also as guardians to protect the relics from malevolent spirit forces. -Bieri were carved in a number of different forms and styles, some were created as full figures in a relatively naturalistic style, with carefully arranged hairstyles, fully rounded torsos, and heavily muscled legs and arms. -Here, the figure's firmly set jaw and powerfully realized sculptures were often enhanced by the frequent application of cleansing and purifying palm oil over an extended period of time. This has produced a ruch, glossy black surface that may literally excrete oil.

(not Exact on but you get the idea)

Ukiyo-e

A Japanese term for a type of popular art that was favored from the 16th century, particularly in the form of color woodblock prints. Often depicted the world on the common people in Japan, such as courtesans and actors, as well as landscapes and myths. Ex. Katsushika Hokusai's The Great Wave.

Japonisme

A style in French and American 19th century art that was highly influenced by Japanese art. Ex. Vincent Van Gogh's Japoniserie: Flowering Plum Tree.

Automatism

A technique whereby the usual intellectual control of the artist over his or her brush or pencil is foregone. This artists' aim is to allow the subconscious to create the artwork without rational interference. Ex. Composition by Joan Miro

Sublime

Adjective describing a concept, thing or state of greatness or vastness with high spiritual, moral, intellectual or emotional value; or something awe-inspiring. The sublime was a goal to which many 19th century artists aspired in their art works. Ex. Joseph Mallard William Turner's Slavers Throwing overboard the dead and dying--Typhoon Coming On.

Impression: Sunrise by Claude Monet. 1872. Oil on Canvas.

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Improvisation 28 (second Version). Vassily Kandinsky. 1912. Oil on Canvas.

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Luncheon on the Grass. Edouard Manet. 1863. Oil on Canvas. Paris.

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Composition. Joan Miro. 1933. Oil on Canvas.

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Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon. Pablo Picasso. 1907. Oil on Canvas. .

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Rock Garden, Ryoanji, Kyoto Muromachi period. C. 1480

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Starry Night. Vincent Van Gogh. 1889. Oil on Canvas.

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The Great Wave. Katsushika Hokusai. Edo Period c. 1831. Polychrome woodblock on paper.

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The Stone Breakers. Gustave Courbet. 1849. Oil on Canvas. Avant-Garde

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Primitivism

The borrowing of subjects or forms usually from non-European or prehistoric sources by western artists. Originally practiced by Western artists as an attempt to infuse their work with the naturalistic and expressive qualities attributes to other cultures especially colonized cultures. Ex. Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.

Reliquary Guardian Gabon, Fang people, Mvai group. Mid-late 19th century. Wood, metal and shell.

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The Raft of Medusa. Theodore Gericault. 1818-19. Oil on Canvas.

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Plen Air

pertaining to a manner or style of painting developed in France in the mid 19th century. Characterized by the representation of the luminous effects of natural light and atmosphere. Also known as open space painting. Ex. Claude Monet's Impression: Sunrise.