Art & Culture Exam #3

Burial at Ornans

1849-Gustav Courbet It presented common provincial folk, protrayed in a coarse heavy form, without a shred of elegance or idealization. The people of Ornans, many of whom can be identified, posed for Courbet and the artist not only documented their clothes and bearing but their distinguishing facial features . The bleak overcast landscape is equally authentic, based on studies made on Ornans cemetery.

The Stone Breakers

1849-Gustav Courbet One of the first paintings of realism (no more Jesus or religion, simply paint what you see) In the 1840's, Paris became the center of art. This particular painting was destroyed in WWII. Courbet paints a confrontation, life-size scale two workers he met on the outskirts of town who were pounding stones to make gravel for a road. Their poverty and social class are very apparent by their ragged clothes. Because their faces can't be seen in the painting, they are considered the anonymous face of poverty at the time

Casa Mila

1853-1962-Antoni Gaudi A creation from the Art Noveau period. The Casa Mila building is an apartment the expresses his fanatical devolution to the ideal of "natural" form. Believing that there are no straight lines in nature, Gaudi created an undulating facade and irregularly shaped interior spaces.

Luncheon on the Grass

1863-Manet Considered to be a condemnation of bourgeois values and academic taste as well as a statement of what art should be about--the modern world. This painting is very unlike the Renaissance period in that it is very flat with no depth. The nude woman, who is Victorine Meurent, looks very nonchalant and was a brilliant female artist in her own right. Manet's brother, pictured in the painting, was a sculptor and wanted to use Victorine as his model. He needed to see her nude in the sunlight to see how the sun looked on her skin. The girl in the river not only has the wrong depth of field , but is peeing in the river. Manet's hands are simultaneously making a "eff you" symbol as well as judging the dimensions of Victorine.

Olympia by Manet

1863-Manet Olympia, the woman in the painting, is unquestioningly a prostitute, or courtesan with a wealthy, upper-class clientele. This nude, based on Titian's Venus of Urbino, is the gentleman's idea of a modern-day goddess. Olympia was a common name adopted by powerful and kept courtesans. It portrays a reality of contemporary Paris: Many wealthy men kept mistresses and visited prostitutes. Unlike Titian's Venus, Manet's Olympia is more real than idealized-she is angular, awkward, and harsh rather than voluptuous and curvilinear.

Impression Sunrise by Monet

1872-Claude Monet Beginning of the era called Belle Epoque (Beautiful Era), end of the century (fin de Siecle) and Avant Garde, which is a military term for special, advanced. This work spawned the impressionist movement. In this painting, Monet basically uses only 2 colors-blue and orange. Blue prevails, defining water and ships with their tall masts, while orange is restricted to the rising sun, the fiery sky, and reflections on the water.

Le Moulin de la Galette

1876-Renior Also known as Dance at Le moulin de la Galette. The painting depicts a typical Sunday afternoon at Moulin de la Galette in the district of Montmartre in Paris. In the late 19th century, working class Parisians would dress up and spend time there dancing, drinking, and eating galettes into the evening. Like other works of Renoir's early maturity, Bal du moulin de la Galette is a typically Impressionist snapshot of real life. It's like a picture of a moment in the life of everyday Parisians.

Bar at the Folies

1883-Manet Manet has painted a second floor bar, overlooking the main floor below, above which we can see the legs of a woman on a trapeze entering the picture in the upper left hand corner. The painting itself it rather confusing because it seems as if the picture behind the bar tending woman is a reflection and the scene is in front of her, suggesting that the form behind her is her reflection, but in the wrong place. Most of the image occurs in a mirror, a flat surface that presents the illusion. The illusion behind the barmaid is that modern life is gay and festive. But the barmaid, who is real rather than a reflection, looks out at us with a sad, blank expression, suggesting alienation, the reality of contemporary urban life.

Sunday Afternoon by Seurat

1884-Georges Suerat Seurat, a Frenchman, focused on color. This painting is pointillism- painting a picture with small dots, thousands of them. This came out during the time of Darwin, as referenced by the pet monkey the high-class woman has. This was also the time of Carl Marx and Marxism, which is seen with the working class burly man on the lower left of the painting sitting next to a higher class man. Freud was also on the rise during their painting's popularity, which challenged religion in general and argued that there is no soul but rather psychological impulses, no heaven or hell, or God for that matter, and brought out new views on sexuality. Seurat loved math and used it to create art

Eiffel Tower

1887-1889--Gustave Eiffel Built for the international expose in France. Made entirely of wrought iron (first structure ever) with reinforced concrete bases. Designed by Gustave Eiffel who was a railroad engineer. Influenced by Victorian lace. Was meant to be torn down but people warmed up to it and used it to put an antenna. It was hated at first. First construct to use elevators-made by Otis.

Night Cafe by van Gough

1888-Vincent van Gough The colors for this piece look like vomit, depicting how van Gough saw the world through his schizophrenia as well as the eyeballs seen through the lamps, which is a common sympton among schizophrenics-feeling like they're being watched all the time. Van Gough became an artist as a last ditch effor to be successful, but only became famous after his death. He tried being a ministry student but failed. He was physically and mentally abusive and therefore never had a strong relationship with people. He was very bi-polar and most likely clinically insane because he often licked his paint brushes, which had lead paint on them.

Starry Night

1889-Vincent van Gough Depicts the city of Arle, just outside of Paris, where van Gough ended up. He killed himself after painting this piece and checking himself into an asylum. The piece looks like an ocean with the swirling colors of blue where the sky is. When looked at from afar, the church tower looks like coral and the town houses ocean shrubbery. The Cyprus tree on the right looks like a flame-nature is greater than religion and the cosmos is greater than nature. The painting is considered sublime because it is horrific, yet beautiful.

Painting by Miro

1893 -1983 Miro was a Spanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist born in Barcelona. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundació Joan Miró, was established in his native city of Barcelona in 1975, and another, the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró, was established in his adoptive city of Palma de Mallorca in 1981. Earning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride.

The Scream

1893-Edvard Munch Munch was a German artist. The painting depicts the eruption of Indonesian volcano Krakatau, which erupted in 1883. The figure in the painting represents Edvard Munch as he covered his ears to block out the "great infinite scream in nature." You can see his two friends further back on the dock. The eruption of Krakatau was the largest explosion of all time and was heard practically around the world. This piece is was the most expensive painting in the world for a long time and was painting on cardboard. It was stolen from the museum it was hosted in because the director didn't want to destroy it behind bullet proof glass.

The Kiss by Klimt

1907-1908-Gustav Klimt Klimt was a Austrian Symbolist painter and painted the Kiss during the highpoint of his "Golden Period", when he painted a number of works in a similar gilded style. A perfect square, the canvas depicts a couple embracing, their bodies entwined in elaborate robes decorated in a style influenced by both linear constructs of the contemporary Art Nouveau style and the organic forms of the earlier Arts and Crafts movement. The work is composed of oil paint with applied layers of gold leaf, an aspect that gives it its strikingly modern, yet evocative appearance.

Les Demoiselles by Picasso

1907-Pablo Picasso It was originally titled The Brothel of Avignon and created in the Spanish artist. Each figure is depicted in a disconcerting confrontational manner and none are conventionally feminine. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes. Three figures on the left exhibit facial features in the Iberian style of Picasso's native Spain, while the two on the right are shown with African mask-like features. The racial primitivism evoked in these masks, according to Picasso, moved him to "liberate an utterly original artistic style of compelling, even savage force."

Robie House by Frank Lloyd Wright

1908-1910-Frank Lloyd Wright It is a U.S. National Historic Landmark on the campus of the University of Chicago in the South Side neighborhood of Hyde Park in Chicago, Illinois. It is renowned as the greatest example of the Prairie School style, the first architectural style that was uniquely American. It was designated a National Historic Landmark 1963 and was on the very first National Register of Historic Places list of 1966.

Red Room by Matisse

1909-Henri Matisse Also called The Dessert: Harmony in Red. Matisse was a French artist and this piece is considered by some critics to be Matisse's masterpiece. This Fauvist painting follows the example set by Impressionism with the overall lack of a central focal point. The painting was ordered as "Harmony in Blue," but Matisse was dissatisfied with the result, and so he painted it over with his preferred red.

Hugo Ball Performance of the DaDa Movement

1910-1920 Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century. Dada in Zürich, Switzerland, began in 1916 at Cabaret Voltaire, spreading to Berlin shortly thereafter, but the height of New York Dada was the year before, in 1915. Hugo Ball performed Karawane in Cabaret Voltaire. Karawane is a poem of made-up words. The Dada movement was sparked by WWII and the introduction of modern weapons. To deal with the insanity of WWII, they had an insane movement-"let's be crazy, joyful kids again." "Dada" is usually a child's first word and therefore the movement was a regression back to childhood.

Improvisation No. 28 by Kandinsky

1910-Wassily Kandinsky Kandinsky was a Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting one of the first purely abstract works. In Improvisation 28 (second version) Kandinsky depicted—through highly schematized means—cataclysmic events on one side of the canvas and the paradise of spiritual salvation on the other. Images of a boat and waves (signaling the global deluge), a serpent, and, perhaps, cannons emerge on the left, while an embracing couple, shining sun, and celebratory candles appear on the right.

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space by Boccioni

1911-1913-Umberto Boccioni It is a bronze Futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni. The Futurist movement began in Italy with Marinette's Futurist Manifesto. The movement was to reject the past even going so far as to not going to museums. 1911 in Paris was the first Futurist exhibition. The piece is also called the "beauty of speed" and looks like a time-lapse photo. It combined art and physics because Einstein's physics papers had gained so much popularity. depicts a human-like figure apparently in motion. The sculpture has an aerodynamic and fluid form. As a pedestal, two blocks at the feet connect the figure to the ground. The figure is also armless and without a discernibly real face. The form was originally inspired by the sight of a football player moving on to a perfectly weighted pass.

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

1912-Marcel Duchamp The work is widely regarded as a Modernist classic and has become one of the most famous of its time. Before its first presentation at the Parisian 1912 Salon des Indépendants, it was rejected by the Cubists as too Futurist. It seemingly depicts a figure demonstrating an abstract movement in its ochres and browns. The discernible "body parts" of the figure are composed of nested, conical and cylindrical abstract elements, assembled together in such a way as to suggest rhythm and convey the movement of the figure merging into itself.

Homage to Bleriot by Delaunay

1914-Robert Delaunay He was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. -The exhibition focuses on Robert Delaunay's Hommage à Blériot. The painting is a key work in the artist's oeuvre and in the Kunstmuseum Basel, where it is a pivot that relates Cubism and Expressionism, two major focuses of the collection. In Hommage à Blériot, Delaunay combines what he referred to as 'simultaneous' colour lyricism, which he developed in his abstract work, with representational motifs, to create an intense colourful retinal firework. By dedicating the painting to Louis Blériot, the pioneer of aviation, he taps into one of the main events fascinating the general public in 1910.

Untitled (Collage with Squares Arranged according to the Laws of Chance) by Jean Arp

1916-1917-Jean Arp Accounts by several Dadaists describe how Arp made "chance collages" such as this one: by tearing paper into pieces, dropping them onto a larger sheet, and pasting each scrap wherever it happened to fall. The relatively ordered appearance of Arp's collages suggests, however, that the artist did not fully relinquish artistic control. Skeptical of reason in the wake of World War I, Arp and other Dadaists turned to chance as an antidote.

Bauhaus by Gropius

1919 (Wiemer) It is a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. The Bauhaus was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. The German term Bauhaus—literally "construction house"—was understood as meaning "School of Building", but in spite of its name and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during its first years of existence. Nonetheless, it was founded with the idea of creating a "total" work of art in which all arts, including architecture, would eventually be brought together.

Three Women by Leger

1921-Fernand Leger Three Women is an example of Leger's smooth forms, created with machine-like solidity and a precision reminiscent of technology. In the tradition of classical images of female nudes, the three women recline in a chic apartment, sipping their drinks. The bodies of the women have been simplified into clean forms of smooth shapes, their smooth skin polished like metal. After serving in World War I, in which he was badly injured, Leger hoped that technological advances and the machine age would cure the chaos unleashed by the war. His quasi-mechanical shapes exemplify his intent to use art as a representation of the possibilities of the machine age.

Bird in Space by Brancusi

1923-Constantin Brancusi A strong representation of the Futurist movement. It is very simplistic. A famous photographer bought it and when it was shipped it was confused with a plumbing device and was charged $200 to get it into the country. The photographer took it to court and proved that it was art (and therefore tariff exempt). Moral of the story=Modern art does not equal plumbing. From the 1920s to the 1940s, the theme of a bird in flight preoccupied Brancusi. He concentrated on the animals' movement, rather than their physical attributes. In Bird in Space, the sculptor eliminated wings and feathers, elongated the swell of the body, and reduced the head and beak to a slanted oval plane. Balanced on a slender conical footing, the figure's upward thrust appears unfettered. This sculpture is part of a series that includes seven marble sculptures and nine bronze casts. It was inspired by Einstein's physics papers.

Schroder House by Rietveld

1924-Gerrit Rietveld built in 1924 by the Dutch architect for Mrs. Truus Schröder-Schräder and her three children. She commissioned the house to be designed preferably without walls. Rietveld worked side by side with Schröder-Schräder to create the house. He sketched the first possible design for the building; Schröder-Schrader was not pleased. She envisioned a house that was free from association and could create a connection between the inside and outside. The Rietveld Schröder House constitutes both inside and outside a radical break with all architecture before it. The two-story house is situated in Utrecht, at the end of a terrace, but it makes no attempt to relate to its neighbouring buildings (although it shares an exterior wall with the last house in the terrace). It faces a motorway built in the 1960s.

Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier

1929-Le Corbusier A manifesto of Le Corbusier's "five points" of new architecture, the villa is representative of the bases of modern architecture, and is one of the most easily recognizable and renowned examples of the International style. The house was originally built as a country retreat on behest of the Savoye family. After being purchased by the neighbouring school it passed on to be property of the French state in 1958, and after surviving several plans of demolition, it was designated as an official French historical monument in 1965 (a rare occurrence, as Le Corbusier was still living at the time).

Composition by Mondrian

1929-Piet Mondrian The canvas is small and uses only the simplest of colors: red, blue, yellow, white and black. The composition is similarly reduced to the simplest of rectilinear forms, squares and rectangles defined by vertical and horizontal lines. One would hardly suspect that we are seeing the artist's determination to depict the underlying structure of reality.

The Birth of Liquid Desires by Dali

1931-1932-Salvador Dali Here father, son, and perhaps mother seem to be fused in the grotesque dream-image of the hermaphroditic creature at center. William Tell's apple is replaced by a loaf of bread, with attendant castration symbolism. (Elsewhere Dalí uses a lamb chop to suggest his father's cannibalistic impulses.) Out of the bread arises a lugubrious cloud vision inspired by the imagery of Arnold Böcklin. In one of the recesses of this cloud is an enigmatic inscription in French: "Consigne: gâcher l'ardoise totale?"

The Persistence of Memory by Dali

1931-Salvador Dali Dalí frequently described his paintings as "hand painted dream photographs." He based this seaside landscape on the cliffs in his home region of Catalonia, Spain. The ants and melting clocks are recognizable images that Dalí placed in an unfamiliar context or rendered in an unfamiliar way. The large central creature comprised of a deformed nose and eye was drawn from Dalí's imagination, although it has frequently been interpreted as a self-portrait. Its long eyelashes seem insect-like; what may or may not be a tongue oozes from its nose like a fat snail from its shell. Time is the theme here, from the melting watches to the decay implied by the swarming ants. Mastering what he called "the usual paralyzing tricks of eye-fooling," Dalí painted this work with "the most imperialist fury of precision," but only, he said, "to systematize confusion and thus to help discredit completely the world of reality." There is, however, a nod to the real: the distant golden cliffs are those on the coast of Catalonia, Dalí's home.

Falling Water by Frank Lloyd Wright

1935-Frank Lloyd Wright The home was built partly over a waterfall and was designed as a weekend home for the family of Liliane Kaufmann and her husband, Edgar J. Kaufmann, owner of Kaufmann's department store. Time cited it after its completion as Wright's "most beautiful job"; it is listed among Smithsonian's Life List of 28 places "to visit before you die".

Fur-lined Tea Cup or Object by Oppenheim

1936-Meret Oppenheim a 1936 sculpture consisting of a fur-covered teacup, saucer and spoon. The work, which originated in a conversation in a Paris cafe, is the most frequently-cited example of sculpture in the surrealist movement. It is also noteworthy as a work with challenging themes of femininity. The work's concept originated in a conversation among Oppenheim, Pablo Picasso, and his lover and fellow artist Dora Maar at a Parisian café where the café's social role was discussed, and at which Oppenheim was wearing a fur-covered brass tube bracelet, the pattern of which she sold to the fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli. Picasso had suggested that anything could be covered in fur, and Oppenheim remarked that this would apply to "even this cup and saucer".

Guernica by Picasso

1937-Pablo Picasso The painting, which uses a palette of gray, black, and white, is regarded by many art critics as one of the most moving and powerful anti-war paintings in history.[2] Standing at 3.49 metres (11 ft 5 in) tall and 7.76 metres (25 ft 6 in) wide, the large mural shows the suffering of people wrenched by violence and chaos. Prominent in the composition are a gored horse, a bull, and flames. The painting was created in response to the bombing of Guernica, a Basque Country village in northern Spain, by Nazi German and Fascist Italian warplanes at the request of the Spanish Nationalists.

Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright

1943-FLW Frank Lloyd Wright received a letter from Hilla Rebay, the art advisor to Solomon R. Guggenheim, asking him to design a new building to house Guggenheim's four-year-old Museum of Non-Objective Painting. The project evolved into a complex struggle pitting the architect against his clients, city officials, the art world, and public opinion. Both Guggenheim and Wright would die before the building's 1959 completion. Wright designed the building so that people could experience art in a new way. With the round walls, it is impossible to hang paintings on them, so you must emerse yourself in them instead.

Autumn Rhythm by Jackson Pollock

1950-Jackson Pollock Pollock's poured paintings are as visually potent today as they were in the 1950s, when they first shocked the art world. Their appearance virtually shifted the focus of avant-garde art from Paris to New York, and their influence on the development of Abstract Expressionism — and on subsequent painting both in America and abroad — was enormous. Pollock himself was an alcoholic and very abusive man with a short temper. You can still find cigarettes and other things stuck to his paintings as he smoked and drank while he painted.

Just What is It by Hamilton

1956-Richard Hamilton Also called Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing? It is a collage by the English artist. It was the first work of pop art to achieve iconic status. It was created for the catalog of the exhibition This Is Tomorrow in London, England in which it was reproduced in black and white. In addition, the piece was used in posters for the exhibit. Hamilton and his friends John McHale and John Voelcker had collaborated to create the room that became the best-known part of the exhibition.

Sydney Opera House by Utzon

1957-Jorn Utzon Utzon unexpectedly won the competition to design the Sydney Opera House. His submission was one of 233 designs from 32 countries, many of them from the most famous architects of the day.[6] Although he had won six other architectural competitions previously, the Opera House was his first non-domestic project. One of the judges, Eero Saarinen, described it as "genius" and declared he could not endorse any other choice. Utzon says his design was inspired by the simple act of peeling an orange: the 14 shells of the building, if combined, would form a perfect sphere.

Seagram Building by Van der Rohe and Johnson

1958-Van der Rohe & Johnson The Seagram Building is a skyscraper, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The integral plaza, building, stone faced lobby and distinctive glass and bronze exterior were designed by German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Philip Johnson designed the interior of The Four Seasons and Brasserie restaurants. The building stands 515 feet (157 m) tall with 38 stories, and was completed in 1958. It stands as one of the most notable examples of the functionalist aesthetic and a prominent instance of corporate modernism.

Marilyn Diptych by Warhol

1962-Andy Warhol It is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist. The piece is one of the artist's most noted works, and it has been praised by several cultural critics. The work was completed during the weeks after Marilyn Monroe's death in August 1962. It contains fifty images of the actress, which are all based on a single publicity photograph from the film Niagara (1953). The twenty-five pictures on the left side of the diptych are brightly colored, while the twenty-five on the right are in black and white. It has been suggested that the relation between the left side of the canvas and the right side of the canvas is evocative of the relation between the celebrity's life and death.

Reclining Figure by Moore

1969-1970-Henry Moore Inspired by the shape of a piece of flint, Moore created a maquette for the sculpture in plaster which was cast in an edition of small bronzes, some 15 centimetres (5.9 in) long. The maquette was used to create a full-size version in polystyrene, which was used to create a mould for a monumental sculpture. The sculpture can be viewed as an abstraction of a reclining female human figure, resting on one arm, hip and two legs, with the second arm raised, and a prominence on the chest suggesting a breast. It has no evident face.

Spiral Jetty by Smithson

1970-Robert Smithson Spiral Jetty is an earthwork sculpture constructed in April 1970 that is considered to be the central work of American sculptor Robert Smithson. Smithson documented the construction of the sculpture in a 32-minute color film also titled Spiral Jetty. Built on the northeastern shore of the Great Salt Lake near Rozel Point in Utah entirely of mud, salt crystals, and basalt rocks, Spiral Jetty forms a 1,500-foot-long (460 m), 15-foot-wide (4.6 m) counterclockwise coil jutting from the shore of the lake. It is a perfect example of Environmental Art. It was inspired by the Fibonacci sequence and can only be seen at low tide.

Pompidou Center by Rogers and Piano

1971-1977-Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers commonly shortened to Centre Pompidou; also known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, along with Gianfranco Franchini.

Cindy Sherman Stills

1977-1980-Cindy Sherman Cynthia Morris "Cindy" Sherman is an American photographer and film director, best known for her conceptual portraits. The series Untitled Film Stills (1977-1980), with which Cindy Sherman achieved international recognition, consists of 69 black-and-white photographs. The artist poses in different roles and settings (streets, yards, pools, beaches, and interiors), producing a result reminiscent of stills typical of Italian neorealism or American film noir of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.

The Dinner Table/Party by Judy Chicago

1979-Judy Chicago It is perhaps one of the most iconic feminist movement painting. It represents the beauty of the female body (hence the pubic triangular form of the table). During the 70's, the feminist movement picked up momentum and the dinner part was created for all the amazing women history had ignored. Widely regarded as the first epic feminist artwork, it functions as a symbolic history of women in Western civilization. There are 39 elaborate place settings arranged along a triangular table for 39 mythical and historical famous women. Sacajawea, Sojourner Truth, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Empress Theodora of Byzantium, Virginia Woolf, Susan B. Anthony, and Georgia O'Keeffe are among the guests.

Pink Panther by Jeff Koons

1988-Jeff Koons One of the sculptures from Koons' Benality series. The works were unveiled in 1988 and have become controversial for their misuse of copyrighted images. Several editions of the sculptures have sold at auction for millions of dollars. Pink Panther is a 41-inch tall porcelain sculpture featuring Jayne Mansfield holding the cartoon character Pink Panther. Mansfield is sculpted from the waist up and is partly clothed, her breasts being exposed;[18] her right hand covers her nearly-exposed breast. The Pink Panther is shown in full, his chin over the left shoulder of Mansfield.

Guggenheim Museum by Gehry

1997-Frank Gehry It is a museum of modern and contemporary art, designed by an Canadian-American architect and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Built alongside the Nervion River, which runs through the city of Bilbao to the Cantabrian Sea, it is one of several museums belonging to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and features permanent and visiting exhibits of works by Spanish and international artists. It is one of the largest museums in Spain.

Tjibaou Cultural Center

1998-Renzo Piano It opened in June 1998 and was designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano and named after Jean-Marie Tjibaou, the leader of the independence movement who was assassinated in 1989 and who had a vision of establishing a cultural centre which blended the linguistic and artistic heritage of the Kanak people.

The Gherkin in London by Norman Foster

2003-Norman Foster 30 St Mary Axe (informally known as The Gherkin and previously as the Swiss Re Building) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London. The building has become a recognizable feature of London and is one of the city's most widely recognized examples of contemporary architecture.

Tenerife Performance Center by Santiago Calatrava

2003-Santiago Calatrava It is located on the Avenue of the Constitution in the Canarian capital and next to the Atlantic Ocean in the southern part of Port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The majestic profile of the auditorium has become an architectural symbol of the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the island of Tenerife and the Canary Islands

High Museum by Richard Meier

The Museum was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association. In 1926, the High family, for whom the museum is named, donated their family home on Peachtree Street to house the collection following a series of exhibitions involving the Grand Central Art Galleries organized by Atlanta collector J. J. Haverty. Many pieces from the Haverty collection are now on permanent display in the High. A separate building for the Museum was built adjacent to the family home in 1955. On June 3, 1962, 106 Atlanta arts patrons died in an airplane crash at Orly Airport in Paris, France, while on a museum-sponsored trip. Including crew and other passengers, 130 people were killed in what was, at the time, the worst single plane aviation disaster in history.