Art and Science of Human Flourishing Final Quiz Questions

In response to a stress, one may enter "fight or flight" mode, which involves the sympathetic nervous system. After returning to baseline, what mode would one usually enter? A. "treat and heat," involving the central nervous system B. "sleep and creep," involving mostly the tripathic nervous system C. "quoate and gloat," involving primarily the caustic nervous system D. "feed and breed," involving primarily the parasympathetic nervous system

"feed and breed," involving primarily the parasympathetic nervous system

Embodied knowing involves A. "Creative participation," where the knower and the known are deeply interdependent. B. Complete control of nature. C. Knowledge that is not at all contextual. D. Avoiding the influences of your own, personal experiences.

A. "Creative participation," where the knower and the known are deeply interdependent.

Which of these statements applies to a "bottom up" process in the context of attention? Choose all that apply. A. A bottom up process is involved when we react automatically to stimuli (such as a loud sound) that may threaten our survival B. A bottom up process is usually unconcious. C. A bottom up process is the main element in voluntary attention. D. A bottom up process is driven primarily by subcortical regions in the brain.

A. A bottom up process is involved when we react automatically to stimuli (such as a loud sound) that may threaten our survival B. A bottom up process is usually unconcious. D. A bottom up process is driven primarily by subcortical regions in the brain.

According to Basic Emotions Theory, there are at least some basic emotions shared across all cultures that manifest in specific physiological states, including facial expressions. Which of these are critiques of that theory? Check all that apply. A. A specific emotions such as fear can result in radically different behaviors. B. The findings do not replicate. C. There are no specific brain signatures that correspond to specific emotions. D. Basic emotions are impossible because human physiology is too variable.

A. A specific emotions such as fear can result in radically different behaviors. B. The findings do not replicate. C. There are no specific brain signatures that correspond to specific emotions.

If a person is experiencing empathic distress, it is likely they are experiencing which of the following? Check all that apply. A. A strong desire to withdraw and avoid the situation. B. Negative affect and a sense of being overwhelmed. C. A concern about their own discomfort, rather than the suffering of another person. D. A strong sense of having the resources to cope with the suffering they encounter.

A. A strong desire to withdraw and avoid the situation. B. Negative affect and a sense of being overwhelmed. C. A concern about their own discomfort, rather than the suffering of another person.

Which of these would tend to block the emergence of compassion in a person? Select all that apply. A. A strong focus on one's own discomfort with another person's suffering. B. A sense that there is nothing at all that can be done to help a suffering person. C. A tendency to be concerned with others' pain even at the expense of one's own concerns. D. The sense that the other person who is suffering is completely alien or foreign.

A. A strong focus on one's own discomfort with another person's suffering. B. A sense that there is nothing at all that can be done to help a suffering person. D. The sense that the other person who is suffering is completely alien or foreign.

Religious traditions strongly tend to encourage the development of compassion. Which features are common to religion practice in general and compassion in particular? Select all that apply. A. A universal humanity (i.e., that we are, in some sense, "all in the same boat"). B. Self-maximization (i.e., that the goal of human life is to have maximal power). C. A denial of pain (i.e., the recognition that pain and suffering are not important). D. Self-transcendence (i.e., the sense that the meaning of life transcends one's own individual identity).

A. A universal humanity (i.e., that we are, in some sense, "all in the same boat"). D. Self-transcendence (i.e., the sense that the meaning of life transcends one's own individual identity).

Which of these statements about the Cooperation Thesis are true? (Select all that apply) A. Cooperation that is not driven by instinctual behaviors requires shared intentionality. B. Evolutionary selection favors humans that are independent and competitive. C. Evolutionary selection favors humans that cooperate well. D. Alloparenting is not needed for human infants to survive.

A. Cooperation that is not driven by instinctual behaviors requires shared intentionality. C. Evolutionary selection favors humans that cooperate well.

Which of these is true of the "baseline"? Check all that apply. A. Every individual has their own baseline B. due to toxic stress or trauma, one's baseline state may include excessive vigilance or expectation of threat C. one's baseline is set at birth and never changes D. The baseline can change due to experience or deliberate practice E. the "baseline" is the state that one generally returns to after the challenge posed by a stressor has been resolved.

A. Every individual has their own baseline B. due to toxic stress or trauma, one's baseline state may include excessive vigilance or expectation of threat D. The baseline can change due to experience or deliberate practice E. the "baseline" is the state that one generally returns to after the challenge posed by a stressor has been resolved.

Which statements are true about ingroup/outgroup distinctions? Check all that apply. A. Humans can very easily form new ingroups, even after just a few minutes of interaction. B. We more readily absorb conditioning from ingroup members. C. Group distinctions based on physical appearance are less easily manipulated. D. Ingroup/outgroup distinctions are invariable and absolute.

A. Humans can very easily form new ingroups, even after just a few minutes of interaction. B. We more readily absorb conditioning from ingroup members. C. Group distinctions based on physical appearance are less easily manipulated.

Which of these applies to the hypothetical notion of "Innate Compassion"? Select all that apply. A. Humans come into the world with a predisposition for compassion toward any other human, regardless of group identification. B. Children must learn to suppress their compassion for out-group members. C. Sustaining a non-compassionate attitude toward out-group members requires cognitive effort. D. Humans must learn to have compassion toward out-group members.

A. Humans come into the world with a predisposition for compassion toward any other human, regardless of group identification. B. Children must learn to suppress their compassion for out-group members. C. Sustaining a non-compassionate attitude toward out-group members requires cognitive effort.

What are some evolutionary advantages of compassion? (Select all that apply) A. It enhances trust among cooperators. B. It supports vulnerable offspring. C. It makes potential mates look attractive. D. It enhances in-group bias.

A. It enhances trust among cooperators. B. It supports vulnerable offspring. C. It makes potential mates look attractive.

Which of these statements applies to the topic of attention? Choose all that apply. A. It is a complex process that can be "decomposed" into numerous sub-processes. B. "Attention" refers to the process of holding an object in awareness in a way that makes it available for action. C. Attention is completely unrelated to goals, including the basic goal of survival. D. The distinction between System 1 (hot/fast) and System 2 (cold/slow) is relevant.

A. It is a complex process that can be "decomposed" into numerous sub-processes. B. "Attention" refers to the process of holding an object in awareness in a way that makes it available for action. D. The distinction between System 1 (hot/fast) and System 2 (cold/slow) is relevant.

What might cause an emergent system to break down? Check all that apply. A. It is too rigid and lacks sufficient randomness to respond dynamically. B. It has too much chaos or randomness C. It has no one to make it emerge. D. It has too many components.

A. It is too rigid and lacks sufficient randomness to respond dynamically. B. It has too much chaos or randomness

In-group love is: Check all that apply. A. Malleable (for example, a person's in-groups can change). B. Necessarily connected to hate of the outgroup. C. Adaptive. D. Present very early in life.

A. Malleable (for example, a person's in-groups can change). C. Adaptive. D. Present very early in life.

The renowned social theorist and intellectual W.E.B. Dubois spoke of "double consciousness" in identity development, especially as it applies to minorities and other marginalized groups. What is a key feature of "double consciousness"? A. One's own sense of self is in conflict with the way that others see one. B. One's own sense of self is widely accepted by others. C. The society around one does not project any sense of identity onto one. D. One feels complete alignment between one's own sense of identity and the kind of identity projected onto one by others.

A. One's own sense of self is in conflict with the way that others see one.

Which of these is true about ingroups? Check all that apply. A. Personal identity is connected to group identity. B. Cooperation forms an ingroup. C. Ingroups are set at birth and never change. D. Personal survival/flourishing is tied to ingroup survival/flourishing.

A. Personal identity is connected to group identity. B. Cooperation forms an ingroup. D. Personal survival/flourishing is tied to ingroup survival/flourishing.

Which of these statements about proprioception is not true? Check all that apply. A. Proprioception arises from muscles, joints and viscera B. The sense of movement generally occurs after the movement has occurred. C. When you shut your eyes, proprioception is reduced. D. Movement is nearly impossible without proprioception.

A. Proprioception arises from muscles, joints and viscera C. When you shut your eyes, proprioception is reduced.

Which of these is a way of experiencing the self? Check all that apply. A. Self as context. B. Self as process. C. Self as content. D. Self in motion.

A. Self as context. B. Self as process. C. Self as content. D. Self in motion.

What are some conditions that encourage the emergence of a social system? Check all that apply. A. Shared cultural practices, such as form of dress. B. Communication through language. C. A sense of commonality, or "being on the same team." D. A strong sense of individual autonomy (as expressed by the thought, "I can do this on my own").

A. Shared cultural practices, such as form of dress. B. Communication through language. C. A sense of commonality, or "being on the same team."

Which of these are key features of mindfulness? Check all that apply. A. Task-Set Retention B. Dereification C. Meditative introversion D. Meta-awareness

A. Task-Set Retention B. Dereification D. Meta-awareness

During the "Robbers Cave Experiment" in 1954, two groups of 12-year old boys were invited to a special summer camp. Neither group knew that the other existed, but when they finally met, conflict occurred. Based on what you know about ingroup/outgroup dynamics, what types of factors do you think led to conflict? Check all that apply. A. The groups thought that they were in competition for resources, such as the use of the one and only softball field. B. The boys were encouraged to think of their summer camp group as only temporary. C. When the two groups first met, they were encouraged to see the other group as being just like themselves. D. In each group, the boys developed distinctive insignia, songs and even a special name for the group that emphasized their group identity.

A. The groups thought that they were in competition for resources, such as the use of the one and only softball field. D. In each group, the boys developed distinctive insignia, songs and even a special name for the group that emphasized their group identity.

In the context of personal identity, the notion of a narrative universe refers includes which of the following? Check all that apply. A. The kinds of goals and purposes that the narrative of our life can include. B. the basic notion of the world in which our story is occurring, and our place in that world. C. the rules we use to tell a coherent story. D. the limits that our notion of the universe places on the stories that we can tell.

A. The kinds of goals and purposes that the narrative of our life can include. B. the basic notion of the world in which our story is occurring, and our place in that world. C. the rules we use to tell a coherent story. D. the limits that our notion of the universe places on the stories that we can tell.

Interdependence can be seen in the following examples (check all that apply): A. The relationship between an emergent system and its components B. The relationship between students and teachers. C. The relationship between a social group and the individuals within the group. D. The relationship between an organism and its environment.

A. The relationship between an emergent system and its components B. The relationship between students and teachers. C. The relationship between a social group and the individuals within the group. D. The relationship between an organism and its environment.

Which of these are key features of Judgement Theories about emotions? Check all that apply. A. The same affective state (for example, a state of high arousal with pleasant valence) can be interpreted as many different emotions. B. Emotions are universal and basic. C. Internal and external circumstances are relevant to the way we conceptualize emotions. D. Emotions result from a conceptual judgment about an affective state.

A. The same affective state (for example, a state of high arousal with pleasant valence) can be interpreted as many different emotions. C. Internal and external circumstances are relevant to the way we conceptualize emotions. D. Emotions result from a conceptual judgment about an affective state.

Which of these is true of ingroups? Check all that apply. A. Under pressure, one will tend to withdraw from low priority ingroups in order to conserve resources for high priority ingroups. B. Ingroups are based entirely on biological factors. C. One can have multiple ingroups, with some more prioritized over others. D. Ingroups are not necessary for humans to survive.

A. Under pressure, one will tend to withdraw from low priority ingroups in order to conserve resources for high priority ingroups. C. One can have multiple ingroups, with some more prioritized over others.

Which of these is true about compassion? Select all that apply. A. We experience harm to an in-group member as in some ways harm to ourselves. B. Compassion always occurs without any distinction between people that we are familiar with and other people C. Compassion is always positive because it never motivate violence toward an out-group. D. Compassion includes a sense of needing to respond to another's suffering, even if the only way we can respond is mental.

A. We experience harm to an in-group member as in some ways harm to ourselves. D. Compassion includes a sense of needing to respond to another's suffering, even if the only way we can respond is mental.

Erik Erikson's notion of psycho-social identity involves what aspects of self? Check all that apply. A. Who you think others think you are. B. Who other think others used to be. C. Who you think you are. D. Who others think you are.

A. Who you think others think you are. C. Who you think you are. D. Who others think you are.

In the context of attention, a "top down" process... (select all that apply) A. is important for voluntary attention B. may be involved in regulating a "bottom up" response C. involves primarily cortical regions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) D. is especially associated with system 2

A. is important for voluntary attention B. may be involved in regulating a "bottom up" response C. involves primarily cortical regions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) D. is especially associated with system 2

Which of these is true of attention? (select all that apply) A. it involves evaluation B. it is impossible to change anything about attention C. it occurs so as to make an objects available for action D. we only attend object that are relevant to our engagement in the world

A. it involves evaluation C. it occurs so as to make an objects available for action D. we only attend object that are relevant to our engagement in the world

Which of these are some key questions about attention that were raised by the online lecture and the review in class? (select all that apply) A. what is the quality of my attention? B. How do i become aware of these aspects of attention? C. What aspects of my attention can be changed and how? D. What are my values and their goals? E. from a behavioral standpoint, which goals override others?

A. what is the quality of my attention? B. How do i become aware of these aspects of attention? C. What aspects of my attention can be changed and how? D. What are my values and their goals? E. from a behavioral standpoint, which goals override others?

In general, Western attitudes to "emotion" can be based in a contradiction. Choose the two answers that represent the two sides of this contradiction. (select all that apply) A. Without emotions, we would be like cyborgs -- biological machines that are not truly human. B. Emotions motivate us to act. C. Emotions are part of our "lower" aspects that make us more like animals and less like humans. D. Emotions are inherently expressive.

A. without emotions, we would be like cyborgs--biological machines that are not truly human C. emotions are part of our "lower" aspects that make us more like animals and less like humans

The "Lake Wobegon" effect is part of a hypothesis about the high rates of self-loathing in the United States. Briefly, it refers to the effects of an ideological belief, acquired at an early age. What is the basic content of this belief and its principal effect? A. "Living near lakes will make you happy"; since not everyone can live near lakes, those who don't eventually develop self-loathing. B. "All children are above average"; as a result of this belief, children develop expectations about achieving high social status like a rock star. C. "Children are generally just average"; since no one wants to be average, this belief makes people dislike themselves. D. "suppressing emotions will lead to happiness"; since suppressing emotions is not an effective strategy for regulating them, persons with this belief encounter difficulties.

B. "All children are above average"; as a result of this belief, children develop expectations about achieving high social status like a rock star.

Which form of empathy is most operative in compassion? A. A purely cognitive empathy that knows, but does not resonate with, the feeling of another person. B. An empathy that actually simulates or represents the pain of the other person in one's own mind/brain. C. This is a trick question -- empathy is irrelevant to compassion. D. An intersocietal parietal empathy that emerges only in cooperation.

B. An empathy that actually simulates or represents the pain of the other person in one's own mind/brain.

Why would compassion help one get out of empathic distress? A. Compassion is rooted in a sense of helplessness and surrender, and this counteracts the sense of agency in empathic distress. B. Compassion requires action, and the feeling of acting (even mentally) eliminates the feeling of helplessness that can come with empathic distress. C. Compassion requires remaining calm without any intention to do something, and since empathic distress comes from trying to help, compassion eliminates it. D. All of these answers are correct.

B. Compassion requires action, and the feeling of acting (even mentally) eliminates the feeling of helplessness that can come with empathic distress.

Some ingroups have a low priority for us, and we abandon them easily when we need to lend our support to a higher priority ingroup, such as our family. What might you do to make a low priority ingroup into one that is higher priority? Check all that apply. A. Remind ingroup members that they may belong to multiple ingroups. B. Create an "other," that is an outgroup which is opposed to the ingroup. C. Emphasize competition for scarce resources. D. Emphasize the threat posed by an outgroup.

B. Create an "other," that is an outgroup which is opposed to the ingroup. C. Emphasize competition for scarce resources. D. Emphasize the threat posed by an outgroup.

According to the online lecture, which of these statements is true? Check all that apply. A. When humans first evolved, they constantly interacted with other humans that were significantly different from their own in-group. B. Dehumanizing anyone makes everyone more insecure. C. Lack of diversity weakens resilience, whether it is genetic lines or microbiomes. D. In-group love is adaptive but out-group hate is not.

B. Dehumanizing anyone makes everyone more insecure. C. Lack of diversity weakens resilience, whether it is genetic lines or microbiomes. D. In-group love is adaptive but out-group hate is not.

What are some basic functions of emotions? Choose all that apply. A. Emotions provide universal, invariant physiological responses to situations. B. Emotions are involved in salience, i.e., noticing what is important to us. C. Emotions play an important role in social connection. D. Emotions motivate behavior.

B. Emotions are involved in salience, i.e., noticing what is important to us. C. Emotions play an important role in social connection. D. Emotions motivate behavior.

Which statement explains why human cooperation is necessarily diverse? A. Without diversity, humans would all be the same. B. Human cooperation is rooted in a distribution of different tasks to different individuals; if everyone did the same thing, cooperation would collapse. C. Actually, human cooperation is not necessarily diverse; it only seems that way. D. The diversity of cultural perspectives requires individual humans to be diverse.

B. Human cooperation is rooted in a distribution of different tasks to different individuals; if everyone did the same thing, cooperation would collapse.

How does the tendency toward compassion in humans make sense in terms of the Cooperation Thesis? Check all that apply. A. Compassion is a form of hierarchically distributed cognition that is necessary for all cooperation. B. Humans in a group with many compassionate individuals will cooperate better because they will trust each other to help when help is needed. C. Human infants are especially vulnerable, and compassionate humans will be more likely to take care of them. D. Compassionate humans will restrict cooperative groups in a way that excludes the vulnerable.

B. Humans in a group with many compassionate individuals will cooperate better because they will trust each other to help when help is needed. C. Human infants are especially vulnerable, and compassionate humans will be more likely to take care of them.

Which of these statements is true about stereotypes? Check all that apply. A. All stereotypes are rooted in personal experience. B. The implicit bias related to stereotypes is difficult to eliminate. C. We tend to use stereotypes more easily for outgroup members than for ingroup members. D. Stereotypes are related to system 1 level of processing.

B. The implicit bias related to stereotypes is difficult to eliminate. C. We tend to use stereotypes more easily for outgroup members than for ingroup members. D. Stereotypes are related to system 1 level of processing.

For bell hooks, the problem of internalized oppression expresses itself primarily in what way? A. The compassionate liberation of a social reality. B. The negative self-image and low self-esteem that oppressed groups accept as part of their identity, even though it is imposed on them. C. Oppression as occurring only inside of social systems, rather than between them. D. The internalized mechanisms of socio-economic advancement.

B. The negative self-image and low self-esteem that oppressed groups accept as part of their identity, even though it is imposed on them.

What is the "butterfly effect"? A. The notion that the beating of a butterflies wings can exceed the system overload of its neural capacity. B. The notion that a small, chaotic change in an emergent system can have large effects. C. The theory that, when enough butterflies are present, the ecological system of a garden emerges. D. The theory that emergent systems, like butterflies, are constantly in flux.

B. The notion that a small, chaotic change in an emergent system can have large effects.

Which of these is true about stressors? (select all that apply) A. a response to a stressor involves stress, and all stress is unhealthy B. Threats are more readily detected, but opportunities (or "affordances") are also stressors C. An assessment of a stressor is performed mostly by System 1, and that assessment starts a response that can trigger some degree of "fight or flight" involving behaviors of "approach and avoidance." D. Stress functions to activate behaviors to resolve stressors by, for example, ending a threat or obtaining an affordance E. Stressors are generally detected by System 1

B. Threats are more readily detected, but opportunities (or "affordances") are also stressors C. An assessment of a stressor is performed mostly by System 1, and that assessment starts a response that can trigger some degree of "fight or flight" involving behaviors of "approach and avoidance." D. Stress functions to activate behaviors to resolve stressors by, for example, ending a threat or obtaining an affordance E. Stressors are generally detected by System 1

What does the "Second Arrow" refer to? A. In the context of achieving a goal, the first arrow is one's intention, and the second arrow is the action. B. When one faces a difficulty or challenge (such as pain), the first arrow is that difficulty; and the second arrow is a negative mental reaction to that difficulty. C. When trying to focus on something, the first arrow is the focus, and the second arrow is the meta-awareness. D. When speaking harshly, the harsh words are the first arrow, and the aggressive gestures are the second arrow.

B. When one faces a difficulty or challenge (such as pain), the first arrow is that difficulty; and the second arrow is a negative mental reaction to that difficulty.

Mental Time Travel (MTT) is a key feature of the Narrative Capacity approach to narrative identity. Basically, MTT refers to A. the present-centered awareness that occurs in mindfulness meditation. B. the projection of one's sense of a narrative identity into the past or future for various purposes, such as planning a trip to the library. C. the flow of time without any coherent notion of personal identity D. the spatiotemporal distortions caused by travel through wormholes.

B. the projection of one's sense of a narrative identity into the past or future for various purposes, such as

Consider an emergent system such as a human cell, an ecosystem or a human community. Which of these statements apply to such a system? Check all that apply. A. the system has no new capacities; it only has the same capacities that the system's components have on their own. B. the system emerges from the chaos of unordered interactions among the components. C. the system requires some degree of chaos or randomness so that it can dynamically adapt to changes in its environment. D. the system gains capacities that the components do not have on their own.

B. the system emerges from the chaos of unordered interactions among the components. C. the system requires some degree of chaos or randomness so that it can dynamically adapt to changes in its environment. D. the system gains capacities that the components do not have on their own.

This question concerns the Affective Circumplex. Based upon the type of theory presented in lecture as the preferred approach in this class, which of these statements is true? Check all that apply. A. Any region within the circumplex can correspond to any emotion whatsover B. Your affective state has nothing to do with your emotions. C. An emotion such as "fear" is not a plausible interpretation of some regions in the circumplex (e.g., low arousal and pleasant). D. You can have multiple interpretations of the "emotion" that corresponds to an affective state.

C. An emotion such as "fear" is not a plausible interpretation of some regions in the circumplex (e.g., low arousal and pleasant). D. You can have multiple interpretations of the "emotion" that corresponds to an affective state.

Dereification is a cognitive capacity trained through mindfulness practice. Dereification is a process that involves... A. Avoiding one's thoughts as much as possible. B. Entering into a trance-like state. C. Experiencing one's thoughts just as thoughts, and not as true representations of reality. D. Experiencing one's thoughts as true representations of reality.

C. Experiencing one's thoughts just as thoughts, and not as true representations of reality.

A dereified thought becomes less intense or just dissipates altogether. Why? A. It becomes more salient because it seems so real. B. Thoughts depend on cognitive effort, so it is not possible to repeatedly think about something. C. It loses its salience because it is no longer taken to be real (after all, you can't eat the thought of a strawberry). D. All of these answers are correct.

C. It loses its salience because it is no longer taken to be real (after all, you can't eat the thought of a strawberry).

What is Mental Time Travel? A. The ability to mentally notice how long it takes to travel somewhere. B. The capacity to mentally keep track of the current time. C. The ability to mentally project oneself into past or future situations in a way that acts like a realistic simulation. D. This is a trick question -- time travel is impossible.

C. The ability to mentally project oneself into past or future situations in a way that acts like a realistic simulation.

"Emotional Granularity" refers to A. The granular surface of the amygdala as a key feature of emotions. B. The way that we should ignore the finer features of emotions. C. The capacity to give a much more precise account of your affective state and the various emotions that might correspond to it. D. The way that emotions eventually splinter into affective grains.

C. The capacity to give a much more precise account of your affective state and the various emotions that might correspond to it.

According to the hermeneutical approach to narrative identity favored by theorists such as Paul Ricoeur, the story of one's life is best considered... A. completely meaningless. B. completely unrelated to one's cultural context. C. a quest to achieve the ultimate good. D. a very simple and short-term story that rarely extends beyond tomorrow.

C. a quest to achieve the ultimate good.

Dr. Hazel Markus said A. "You can only be a self on your own." B. "Your self is completely independent." C. "You don't have a self." D. "You can't be a self by your self."

D. "You can't be a self by your self."

What process can occur when groups come into strong conflict? A. Inclusion: when outgroups subsume ingroups. B. Polyvagal synchrony: when heart-rates of all groups become synchronized. C. Rehumanization: when ingroups and outgroups humanize each other. D. Dehumanization: when an ingroup sees the members of an outgroup as less than human.

D. Dehumanization: when an ingroup sees the members of an outgroup as less than human.

The study of independent and interdependent views of self highlights: A. All of the above B. That there are better and worse kinds of selves C. How biology drives identity development. D. How cultural institutions and interactions shape different kinds of selves

D. How cultural institutions and interactions shape different kinds of selves

Meta-awareness is a capacity cultivated by all styles of mindfulness. Meta-awareness... A. Is a metaphysical form of awareness, and that's why it is "meta-" B. Makes the mind especially dull and sleepy C. Provides access only to what one is experiencing—namely, objects—without any access to the background of experience D. Provides access to the background of experience.

D. Provides access to the background of experience.

The notion of one's self as a character in a narrative involves especially which kind of self? A. Self as subject. B. Self as self. C. All these answers are correct. D. Self as object.

D. Self as object.

According to the theory of implicit meta-awareness discussed in class, meta-awareness enables one to report how one was feeling about an experience such as seeing a beautiful sunrise. How does this work? A. During the experience, meta-awareness enables one to quickly look inward and check on how one is feeling; the one can turn back to the object of the experience (such as the sunrise). B. Meta-awareness makes one temporarily unconscious, and this restores memory. C. Meta-awareness sees all thoughts as unreal, so it actually would not be helpful for noticing how one feels. D. While one is absorbed in the beautiful sunrise, meta-awareness makes one aware of affective states and other "background" aspects of experience, even though they are not the object of one's attention.

D. While one is absorbed in the beautiful sunrise, meta-awareness makes one aware of affective states and other "background" aspects of experience, even though they are not the object of one's attention.

which of these takes a "hedonic" approach to flourishing? A. Flourishing means something more than pleasure, such that one can still flourish in the face of suffering. B. Flourishing is impossible. C. flourishing only comes through pan. D. flourishing is all about feeling pleasure

Flourishing is all about feeling pleasure.

From the standpoint of those who critique some aspects of the psychological account of resilience, which of these is true? Check all that apply. A. Systems can facilitate or inhibit resilience through resource access. B. Resources should be restricted to resilient people only C. Humans have evolved in a way that emphasizes connection and cooperation, and ideally our social systems and institutions should be based upon those principles. D. Resilience is really the responsibility of each individual, and the influence of systems is not relevant.

Humans have evolved in a way that emphasizes connection and cooperation, and ideally our social systems and institutions should be based upon those principles.

Emotions are: A. completely determined by culture without any universal elements. B. universal and culturally invariable. C. an animalistic part of our psyche that we need to suppress D. probably not entirely universal, but also not entirely determined just by culture.

Probably not entirely universal, but also not entirely determined just by culture

In terms of your frameworks of values and the goals that emerge from them, which of these statements is true? A. Although our goals generally come from our values, we never actually act in accord with those values, even when we pay deliberate attention to what we are doing. B. Humans learn values as infants, and those values determine everything about their goals from infancy, since the brain stops changing very early in life. C. We have at least some choice over the values that we choose, and if we emphasize a particular framework of values, we will probably act in accord with the goals that emerge from those values. D. Attention and the actions that come from attention are completely unrelated to one's goals or values

We have at least some choice over the values that we choose, and if we emphasize a particular framework of values, we will probably act in accord with the goals that emerge from those values.

We are inevitably connected to other humans in various way, including through our social and cultural contexts. In what sense can this connection be both helpful and a challenge? A. we need others to help us learn how to flourish, but others can also pressure us into ways of being that are not conducive to flourishing. B. This is a trick question--we are not actually connected to others in social or cultural ways. C. We can learn to flourish only if we ignore what everyone else says about it, but they can still criticize us. D. true flourishing is impossible, but others can make us think that it we can get.

We need others to help us learn how to flourish but others can also pressure us into ways of being that are not conducive to flourishing.

The "ordinary magic" of resilience involves responding to a challenge (such as a threat or an opportunity) by...? A. remaining permanently vigilant B. Not doing anything about the threat or challenge C. Trying to do everything by yourself without support D. "bouncing forward" to baseline

bouncing forward to baseline

our "negativity bias" prompts us to be more sensitive to threats and dangers, and it also...? A. can make us see threats even in situations that are not threatening. B. make us notice information more. C. is completely useless for survival. D. is not an evolutionary development

can make us see threats even in situations that are not threatening.

Social baseline theory suggests the human brain expects access to human relationships that A. Support being autonomous and independent. B. Decrease level of risk and effort by sharing both with others. C. Increase cognitive and physiological effort. D. increases risk and increases use of personal resources.

decreases level of risk and effort by sharing both with others

In our model of flourishing, each person is understood to be...? A. totally powerless to change in any way B. completely autonomous and independent C. deeply embedded in a context formed by society, culture, environment, and so on D. or incapable of flourishing.

deeply embedded in a context formed by society, culture, environment, and so on.

Which of these would be suitable to an "eudaemonic" approach to flourishing? A. flourishing is all about money and power. B. flourishing is all about feeling pleasure. C. flourishing is impossible. D. flourishing means that one can still be leading a meaningful life even in the face of suffering.

flourishing means that one can still be leading a meaningful life even in the face of suffering.

thinking about the metaphor of "glasses" used by zizek to discuss ideology, which of these makes most sense? A. our natural state is free of biases, so to be free of bias, we just have to get rid of our ideology, like taking off pair of glasses. B. ideology is like a pair of cracked glasses, so you should wear contacts. C. Ideology is completely ingrained in us, so to notice it, we have to put on the "glasses" of awarenss. D. ideology is not a problem at all, like a clean pair of glasses

ideology is completely ingrained in us, so to notice it, we have to put on the "glasses" of awareness

What is "attention capture"? A. it happens when attention is involuntarily oriented to a stimulus B. it happens when you capture an object with your attention C. this is a trick question--there is no such thing as attention capture D. it refers to deliberate, voluntary attention on an object

it happens when attention is involuntarily oriented to a stimulus

what is "unbalanced focus"? A. it is too much mental and not enough physical focus B. it is focus that is too flexible C. it is focus that is locked into a single goal and therefore is inflexible D. it is focus while losing your balance from being dizzy

it is focus that is locked into a single goal and therefore inflexible

When we are "hijacked" by our emotions, then we can experience a "refractory period." At that time, A. it is much more difficult to process information that contradicts the emotion. B. we experience the refraction of light. C. we very easily process information that contradicts the emotion. D. nothing at all happens.

it is much more difficult to process information that contradicts the emotion

Which of these is NOT true of "voluntary attention"? A. It includes a sense of agency B. it requires effort, and it this, related to system2 C. it is primarily "top down" D. it occurs automatically

it occurs automatically

Which of these is not true of "system 1" thinking? A. it is active when we are engaged in activities that feel "automatic" B. it requires more cognitive resources than system 2. C. it mostly has to do with practice. D. it is fast

it requires more cognitive resources than system 2

A major figure in the development of positive psychology is...? A. B.F. Skinner. B. Martin Seligman. C. Maureen Robinson. D. George Lakoff

martin seligman

The MBSR program, which underlies the vast majority of contemporary mindfulness approaches, was developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn. MBSR stands for... A. Mindful, Beneficial, Social and Responsive B. Mindfulness Battery for Social Rehabilitation C. Mindfulness-Based Secondary Regeneration D. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

mindfulness-based stress reduction

Awareness is an important element to flourishing because it enables us to...? A. Notice (without reactivity or judgement) our emotions, biases, assumptions, and so on. B. focus intently on something as to block out unpleasant thoughts. C. have even more thoughts, feeling, and emotions than previously. D. withdraw the mind inward to our "happy place"

notice (without reactivity or judgement) our emotions, biases, assumptions, and so on.

Which of these is NOT an element of the philosophical standpoint of Native Science? A. Embedded knowing B. Objective, impersonal knowledge C. Embodied knowing D. Chaos and emergence

objective, impersonal knowing

If we could somehow eliminate all emotions and just be purely rational beings, then current research suggests that A. our capacity to reason effectively would be seriously impaired B. we would be able to think much more clearly C. we would be much more efficient at all activities D. both A and B

our capacity to reason effectively would be seriously impaired

The story of Kisa Gotami illustrates the kind of resilient response that is often highlighted by religious traditions. This kind of response involves...? A. overcoming a challenge in a way that leads to radical growth and transformation. B. refusing to accept failure C. avoiding all difficulties by choosing a spiritual life D. responding to difficulties by choosing a spiritual life

overcoming a challenge in a way that leads to radical growth and transformation

Which of these is not one of the main dimensions of our model of flourishing? A. Personality B. wisdom C. awareness D. integration E. connection.

personality

Which of these is not a subjective factor in the assessment of a response to a stressor? A. prior experience: perceived success or failure B. Prefrontal dysregulation C. availability of resources: sufficient or insufficient d. locus of control: internal or external

prefrontal dysregulation

which of these is not an internal resource that contributes to resilience? A. refusal to be a failure B. self-regard C. growth mindset D. effective self-regulation practices

refusal to be a failure

Check all of the items that count as "personal resources" that are important for deliberate and thoughtful transformation: -Sleep, -nutrition, -exercise, -awareness

sleep, nutrition, exercise, awareness

Based on what you have learned so far, which one of the items in this list would be most important for flourishing? A. this is a trick question--nothing here is important for flourishing. B. good grades C. social connection D. perfect health

social connection

which of these situations involves primarily "system 2" thinking? A. taking the time to notice one's biases and assumptions when you first meet somebody. B. opening a door. C. driving a car (after having learned to do so for many years.) D. all of these answers are correct

taking the time to notice one's biases an assumptions when you first meet somebody

What is Theory of Mind? A. The theory of mental life. B. The theoretical account of human minds found in scientific literature. C. The ability to attribute a mental state (such as a belief or an emotion) to another person. D. It is alternative name for "Psychology."

the ability to attribute a mental state (such as a belief or an emotion) to another person

In the context of Mental Time Travel, "Reification" refers to... A. the experience of the thought-simulation as being an accurate depiction of reality. B. the tendency to "re-if"; that is, to think "if only" again and again. C. The gradually reified projections of the thalamus into the prefrontal cortex. D. The ability to recover from a memory.

the experience of the though-simulation as being an accurate depiction of reality

One lesson from the story of Kisa gotami is...? A. the inevitability of death, the fact that we are not all conditioned by ideology. B. the fact that we are not all conditioned by ideology. C. the slow nature of system 1 thinking. D. the infant mortality rate in ancient india

the inevitability of death

Which of these is not one of the three foundational elements of flourishing? A. the possibility of transformation B. the innately happy nature of the brain C. the efficacy of embedded practice D. the reality of interdependence.

the innately happy nature of the brain

"Nature vs Nurture" is a way of talking about...? A. the interplay between our biological/genetic and cultural heritages. B. the battle between nature and nurturing parents, C. all of these answers are correct. D. the natural beauty of being nurturing.

the interplay between our biological/genetic and cultural heritages.

"ideology" is a term that refers to..? A. our genetically inherited brain structure. B. the study of ideas. C. the study of ideograms of a pictographic language. D. the largely unconscious categories, assumptions, and biases that we inherit through culture.

the largely unconscious categories, assumptions and biases that we inherit through culture.

If you alter your system of values, it will certainly change your attention because you generally pay attention to...? A. anything at all that happens to be available for your sense B. nothing at all C. the things that are relevant to accomplishing the goals that emerge from your system of values D. irrelevant things because they have nothing to do with the goals that emerge from your values

the things that are relevant to accomplishing the goals that emerge from your system of values

check all of the items that count as "contextual resources" that are important for deliberate and thoughtful transformation: -time, -access to requirements for personal resources, -opportunity and inspiration, -a robust but not rigid social network.

time, access to requirements for personal resources, opportunity and inspiration, a robust but not rigid social network.

what are the forms of stress? Check all that apply. A. tolerable stress (distress) B. pseudo-stress C. toxic stress or trauma D. positive stress (eustress)

tolerable stress (distress), toxic stress or trauma, and positive stress (eustress)

what is "procedural knowledge"? A. what you have learned to say, based upon a conceptual schema that you have mastered. B. memorized information that you verbally repeat. C. this is a trick question--there is no such thing as procedural knowledge. D. what you have learned to do, based upon embodied practice.

what you have learned to do based upon embodied practice

what is "declarative knowledge"? A. what you have learned to say, based upon a conceptual schema that you have master. B. what you declare to be true, based upon your unchanging beliefs. C. what you have learned to do, based upon embodied practice. D. all of the above.

what you have learned to say, based upon a conceptual scheme that you have mastered.

According to the reading, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can have an impact on one's capacity for resilience, such that the more ACEs one has experienced, the more challenging it can be to develop resilience. Which one of these statements is true of ACEs? A. ACEs only impact people who lack "grit" B. ACEs are very rare C. While ACEs are a negative factor in resilience, it is also possible to overcome their influence D. Someone who has faced a lot of ACEs will never be very resilient.

while ACEs are a negative factor in resilience, it is also possible to overcome their influence.

When you are "hangry," it means that A. you have misinterpreted a state of hunger as a state of anger. B. This is a trick question. There is no such thing. C. you are neither hungry nor angry. D. you're angry, but not hungry.

you have misinterpreted a state of hunger as a state of anger