Art Appreciation

Line Duties

-Define form •Create a focal point or area of emphasis. • Framing device: Frame the composition (or focal point) in some way. • Directional : direct the eye into and through the composition . • Stops the eye from entering or leaving the composition.

Kinds of lines (7)

1. Hatching & cross-hatching 2. Outlines & contour lines 3. Verticals 4. Horizontals 5. Diagonals 6. Implied lines 7. Quick-curving lines

2D / 3D

2Dl: Height by width; a flat surface ie: drawing paper or canvas 3D: Height by width by depth. fully articulated in space—that is to say it can be viewed from any angle and exists in the viewer's space.

Line

A mark left by a moving point, actual or implied, and varying in direction, thickness, and density. Basic tool for an artist/architect

hatching/cross hatching

A series of parallel lines & cross-parallel lines. ways to build up areas of shading to create form & dimensionality

Complementary Colors

Across from each other on color wheel, create a jarring effect when used together

Realism

An artwork that is realist also resembles the natural world, but once again, realism is a general term and exists on a continuum

Medium

Any materials used to create a work of art—the paint, pastel, graphite, clay, paper, bronze, glass, etc

style

Artists have their own unique manner of visual expression that is distinct from others. It is consistent within context of their artistic output

Shade

Black is added to a color (Value is lowered)

Value

Brightness, degree of light

Open vs. Closed Palette

Broad range of colors vs. Limited range of colors

Hue

Color

Local vs. Arbitrary Colors

Colors as they are in nature vs. Color as interpreted by the artist for expressive purposes

Analogous

Colors far from each other on the color wheel, do not make for pretty compositions

Tertiary

Combinations of colors next to each other on the color wheel

Organic vs. Rectilinear Lines

Curving (natural) vs. Hard, straight. Organic appeals to emotions, Rectilinear to intellect

picture plane

Flat, 2D surface of a work of art. "Window"

3 components of artwork

Form, Content, Process

Color Spectrum

Full range of colors found in white light, including UV

Tone

Grey is added to a color (Value is midrange)

Process

How the work was created, the media used (the paint, pastel, clay, bronze, paper, etc.)

Aspects of color

Hue, Value, Saturation, Temperature

Saturation

Intensity or depth of color

Light in 3D works

Light determines the way sculpture & architecture are seen by viewers. can have symbolic qualities in connection to architecture. i.e. the rose window at Notre Dame de Paris, France

art criticism

Looking critically at artworks to find successes and weaknesses.

Outlines & Contour Lines

OUTLINES: •The edge of a shape or figure depicted by an actual line drawn or painted on a flat 2-D surface. •OUTLINES CREATE FLAT IMAGES. CONTOUR LINE: •The perceived line that marks the border of an object in space. This is to say that CONTOUR lines attempt to show mass (dimensionality). They often overlap each other.

Secondary

Orange, Green, Purple

aesthetic

Pertaining to the study and appreciation of the beautiful, and by extension, to the appreciation of any form of art, whether it is 'beautiful' or no

Other media using light

Photography (light-sensitive paper, natural use of modeling) & Film/TV

Primary Colors

Red, Yellow, Blue

CHIAROSCURO

Referring to the subtleties of modeling, extreme light & dark next to each other to simulate shadow

Color Wheel

The arrangement of colors on a wheel, expanded from the primary colors

iconography

The images and symbols conventionally associated with a given subject/study of the significance and interpretation of the subject matter. each culture's iconography is unique and must be viewed within the context of that culture.

Form

The literal shape and mass of an object or figure. More generally, the materials used to make a work of art, the ways in which these materials are utilized in terms of the formal elements (line, light, color, etc.), and the composition that results

Content

The meaning of an image (artwork) beyond its subject matter.

composition

The organization or arrangement of the formal elements in a work of art

verisimilitude

The quality or state of being the "truth." In the visual arts, this means that something looks life-like, or 'real'

Naturalism

The quality that makes a work of art appear close to or resemble the natural world—it looks 'real'. synonymous with representational, exists on a continuum

Subject matter

The subject of an artwork—what the work is about. For example, it may be a painting of a shipwreck (the subject matter), but the meaning (content) is about the difficulties of life

symbolism

The use of symbols to represent the invisible, intangible, or abstract

3 ways to express light/shadow (on 2D surface w/ paint)

Tint, Shade, Tone

Color schemes/palettes

Triadic, Monochromatic, Analogous, Complementary

Tint

White is added to a color (Value is heightened)

mixed media

a final piece that is composed of many types of materials

shaman

a person designated within a group, clan, or tribe, who communicates with the spiritual world

Warm Colors

advance or expand towards readers

Additive vs. Subtractive Light

all colors added together to become white light vs. All added to become brown light

Formal Analysis

analyzing the form of the art work. understanding how elements/composition are implemented to create meaning

found objects

any sort of natural or manufactured object that is not made by the artist but found by them and put into their artwork

non-objective

artwork that has no semblance to the natural world

Triadic Palette

based on the full-range of colors around the wheel

visual literacy

being educated in the language and terminology of the visual arts

organic

curving, rounded, sensuous even, & derived from the natural world

Pictorial Depth

depiction of 3D space in a 2D composition

Monochromatic Palette

dominant use of one hue

expressionistic

emphasizes the emotional and psychological content of the work

Tenebrism

extreme use of chiaroscuro for the purpose to enhance, the drama, the tension, the seriousness, & the movement of a composition.

rectilinear

geometric & based on right angles

criticism

he art of evaluating or analyzing with knowledge and propriety works of art or literature; to consider the merits and demerits of and judge accordingly

light

implied or real component in artwork

value

in 2D works, light is expressed as value, which is the relative lightness/darkness in the colors (or B&W)

modeling

manipulation of shadows/value to show dimensionality

figurative

means that an artwork depicts or shows something that is recognizable and resembles something in the natural world

narrative

narrative is the story of what you see in an artwork. It's more complete and thorough than the content—it is more fully developed.

Implied

not a literal line, but one that is composed of multiple elements arranged to suggest a line. The viewer's eye completes an implied line. An important implied line is called an EYELINE . Implied lines work to move the viewer's eye throughout the composition.

sculpture in the round

piece of sculpture that the viewer can walk around. intended to be viewed from all sides.

Representationalism

resembles something from the natural and visual world around us, the world of natural appearance.

relief sculpture

sculpture that is raised from the background from which it is carved. There is high relief and low relief sculpture, but both are always attached to a background

Cool colors

sink into the composition, more still or passive

art appreciation

studying the jargon and language attached to the making of artworks. Learning how to critically view artworks

Pointillism/Divisionism

technique whereby the artist paints dots of color next to each other and the viewer's eye must mix them.

Markmaking

the attempts by any artist, craftsperson, shaman, or any human to put their mark on something, to announce their existence in the world. markmaking is what differentiates humans from animals. The desire to make a mark indicates higher brain function—to create meaning.

studio art

the production of art by artists

abstract

the rendering of images and objects in a stylized or simplified way, yet they remain recognizable. the formal or expressive aspects are emphasized. exists on a continuum

art history

the study of styles of art and cultures linked to these styles, and individual artist through specific chronological periods

Formal Elements

the visual tools an artist uses to create a work of art. These include but are not limited to the Elements of Art and the Principles of Design

impasto

thick paint on a surface. If you can see the brushstrokes, the artist is painting with a heavy impasto. expressive way to paint, conveys emotions and intensity

Analogous Palette

use of colors NEXT to each other on the color wheel

Complementary Palette

use of colors limited to those that are opposite each other on the wheel

Temperature

warm, cool, hot, cold.

Diagonals

•Are constantly moving. •They are full of energy. •They are unstable. •They move the eye (perhaps pull it) quickly through a composition. •They are emotional and dramatic because they are constantly moving.

Psychological factors of color

•Cool colors are soothing. •Cool colors are more passive & can be melancholic. •Warm colors are more exciting & active. •Warm colors have energy, are 'happier'

Vertical Lines

•Demonstrate strength. •They're stable. •They're a visual stopping point. •In a sense, they are inactive. •They are direct. •They are the position of life (upright & life-affirming).

Quick-curving

•Repetitive curving lines that are: •energetic •organic •can establish a rhythm to the composition. •move the viewer's eye throughout the composition.

Qualities of Lines

•Thick, thin? •Broken, solid, fluid? •Fragile? •Bold? •Expressive? •Lyrical? •Nervous? •Confident?

Horizontal Lines

•are restful, peaceful, inactive. •they're soothing. •they're quiet. •when you're asleep, you're horizontal (usually) •horizontal is the position of death.

Visual Phenomena

•simultaneous contrast: color next to each other impact the other color's appearance. •color blindness: not limited, but mostly found in men. There are various kinds. •afterimage: your vision persists even when you stop looking at an object. •bordering: colors that are bordered in black, appear more intense & pure. •color mixing: our eyes tend to mix colors that are next to each other.