art final

One of the most tragic and best known figures of the Postimpressionist was ___________. He felt painting was about the expression of the artist emotions and color was an important part of this. He believed color not the form determined the expressive content of his pictures. There is a sense of expressiveness in both his use of colors and in his application of paint. The thickness, shape, and direction of his brush strokes create a tactile counter part to his intensive color schemes. One of his most famous works Starry Night is filled with ecstatic movement. Both the earth and sky pulsate with over powering turbulence, creating his own unique vision.

Vincent van Gogh

One of the founders of the Der Blaue Reiter movement _____ believed in colors capacity to communicate the artists in most psychological and spiritual concerns. In his essay "Concerning the Spiritual in Art" he examined the belief that artist must express the spirit and their innermost feelings by the orchestration of color, form, line, and space. In the work Sketch for Composition VII we see his application of these theories in which bold colors, lines, and shapes tear dramatically across the canvas with what looks like no preconceived fashion.

Wassily Kandinsky

Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign compare Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper and Raphael's The School of Athens we see these similarities.

We have two groups of figures on either side of the focal point dividing the composition in half and creating symmetrical balance; In both works our attention is drawn to the focal point by orthogonal's leading directly to where they are silhouetted against the sky breaking through an opening in the background wall; Both works have diagonals that lead toward a single horizon point and are balanced by strong horizontals and verticals in the architecture and figural groupings, lending a feeling of Classical stability and predictability; Both works use chiaroscuro the balance of light and shade in a work to represent light falling across a curved or rounded surface to create very realistic figures and forms in their compositions

Compare these three works of art, Narmer Palette, Old Kingdom Egyptian, Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian and the Stele Inscribed with the Law Code of Hammurabi, Assyrian. Which of these statements is/are true.

A, B, and C

Justinian and Attendants from the Church of St. Vitale, is an example of the art style that comprised most of the ornamentation of the Early Christian churches. Which of these statements is/are true about this work of art.

A, C, and E

For some Abstract Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock, the gestural application of paint seems to be the most important aspect of their work. Pollock would walk across the surface of the work of art dripping and splashing paint across his huge canvases. The art critic Harold Rosenberg coined the term ___________ in 1951 to describe the outcome of his painting process—a painting whose surface implied a strong sense of activity, as created by the signs of brushing, dipping, or splattering of paint. An example of one such work of art is Jackson Pollock's One.

Action Painting

Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini all created a sculpture of David. Compare and contrast these sculptures. Which of these statements is/are true?

All of these are correct with A, B,and C being the proof of statement D.

In Egyptian art the depiction of the figure followed a strict conventionalism that lasted for thousands of years. The exception to this was the _____________ when the wedge-shaped stylizations that stood as a rigid canon for the representation of the human body were replaced by curving lines and full-bodied forms.

Amarna period

A prime example of sculpture of the ______ and the characteristics that it entails would be the Kouros Figure. The figure is very stiff and ridge even though all the body parts are freed from the block of marble the shape of it adheres essentially to the block shape. The lines of musculature are stylized following anatomical patterns and not optical fact and the muscles are flexed unrealistically. The face is stylized with the hair in an intricate pattern and thick-lidded eyes. It is the facial expression and the smile that is seen in most sculpture of the period, so much so that the smile is named after that period.

Archaic period

Ulysses in the Land of the Lestrygonians, is an example of the _________ . Works in this style give the illusion of an opening of space away from the plane of the wall, as if the viewer were looking out a window.

Architectural style of Roman painting

Justinian and Attendants from the Church of St. Vitale, is an example of ________ . This art style comprised most of the ornamentation of the Early Christian churches. In this medium a design is formed by embedding small pieces of colored stone or glass in cement.

a mosaic

A comparison of Tintoretto's The Last Supper with Leonardo's The Last Supper will show the dramatic changes that had taken place in both art and the concept of art over almost a century. a. In Tintoretto's work the space is sliced by a sharp diagonal, it has asymmetrical balance which only enhances the energy and movement of the composition. Leonardo's work appears static in comparison with the space divided down the middle and its symmetrical balance, only adds to the balance between emotion and restraint in his composition. b. Both works use chiaroscuro the balance of light and shade in a work to represent light falling across a curved or rounded surface to create very realistic figures and forms in their compositions. But Tintoretto increases the use of contrast between highlights and shadows, which enhances the sense of drama. c. Tintoretto depicts Christ just as he offers his body and blood, in the form of bread and wine, to the disciples. Leonardo chose to depict Christ the moment he said "One of you will betray me." Leonardo chose a moment signifying death, Tintoretto a moment signifying life, depicted with in an atmosphere that is teeming with life. d. Leonardo's apostles seem posed for the occasion when contrasted with Tintoretto's spontaneously gesturing figures who look like they should move any moment. e. Both works have diagonals that lead toward a single horizon point and are balanced by strong horizontals and verticals in the architecture and figural groupings, lending a feeling of Classical stability and predictability.

a, b, c, & d

The most significant design in Roman construction was the _________ .

arch

The _____ culture has had more far-reaching and lasting influence on art and civilization than any other culture. Even today its influences can be felt in science, mathematics, law, politics, and art.

Greek

In the Baroque period the Renaissance balance between emotion and restraint that was adopted from Classical Greek Art gives way to unleashed passion and the theatricality and the marked extension of the figure into the surrounding space of _____________.

Greek Hellenistic Art

In the ______________, art is characterized by excessive, almost theatrical emotion and the use of illusionistic effects to heighten realism. In sculpture the space surrounding the figures is treated as an extension of the viewer's space, at times narrowing the fine line between art and reality. An example of art from this period would be the The Dying Gaul, which illustrates the artist's preoccupation with dramatic subjects, harsh realism and passionate emotion.

Hellenistic period of Greek art

Which statement applies to this work of art?

In the work The Rehearsal by theImpressionist painter Edgar Degas we see the influence that Japanese woodcutshad on the Impressionist. We also see the influence that photography had on hiswork.

In the visual arts, ______________ refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, or specific culture or time period.

style

Sculpture of the _________________ periods was mainly restricted to architectural decoration in relief sculptures around the portals or principle entrances. Some of the most important and elaborate sculptural decoration is found in a semicircular space above the cathedral doors called the _________.

(1) Romanesque and Gothic (2) tympanum

The artist Edouard Manet was pivotal in the development of Impressionism and one of his most important works was Le Dejeuner sur L'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass). Which of these statements is/are innovations within the work that met with disapproval from critics and the public, but would change the future of art?

3rd choice

The Last Supper by Leonardo's da Vinci displays, the Renaissance ideals of Classicism, humanism, and technical perfection. Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign, which of these would be examples of "technical perfection." a. Leonardo has chosen to depict the moment when Jesus says, "One of you will betray me." b. This work shows a masterful use of chiaroscuro, or the gradual shifting from light to dark through successive gradation of tones across the surface. c. Leonardo creates a focal point on Christ through isolation that results from the leaning away of the apostles. d. The triple windows that frame Christ symbolize the Holy Trinity. e. The composition is organized through the use of one-point linear perspective. f. A hairline balance is struck between emotion and restraint. g. The artist creates a focal point on Christ by the silhouette of Christ created by the light that pierces the otherwise dark background.

B, C, E, and G

________ can trace its heritage to the analytical and intellectual work of Cezanne. It built upon his geometrization of nature, abandonment of scientific perspective, rendering of multiple views, and emphasis on the two-dimensional canvas surface.

Cubism

The central theme in the works of the Expressionist painter ________ is pain and isolation. In The Scream he transforms the placid landscape into one that echoes in waves of high-pitched tone that emanates from the sunken head. This references the swirling forms of van Gogh's works, but he has added a sense of horror to the intensity of his work. The composition speaks of his view of humanity as being consumed by an increasingly dehumanized society.

Edward Munch

The __________ Statue of Khafre is an example of tomb sculpture. The artist has confined the figure to the block of stone from which it was carved instead of allowing it to stand freely in space. Permanence was essential as sculptures like Khafre were created to house the ka, or _____________ if the mummified remains of the deceased disintergrated.

Egyptian, Old Kingdom

A short-lived but influential art movement, __________ choose their color and brushwork on the basis of its ability to express emotional qualities. They painted traditional subject matters of nudes, still life's, and landscapes, but what set their works apart was their harsh, nondescriptive color, bold linear patterning, and a distorted form of perspective. We see this in Andre Derain's painting London Bridge.

Fauvism

The American painter ________ captured the essence of her subjects by simplifying their forms. In the case of her flower pictures as in the White Iris she magnified and abstracted the details of her botanical subjects.

Georgia O'Keeffe

"May" from Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de Berry, by the Limbourg brothers is an excellent example of the _______________ of painting of the late 14th and early 15th centuries. This style appealed to the aristocracy with its themes involving splendid processions of knights and ladies complete with entourages, horses, and hunting hounds and courtly scenes. Brilliant color, embellishment with gold leaf, and attention to details are some of its characteristics.

International style

From the statements below which is not an example of formalist criticism for the work Sketch I for Composition VII?

Kandinsky used the Apocalypse or the end of the world as foretold in the biblical Book of Revelation as inspiration for this work of art..

The artists of the Renaissance, along with the philosophers and scientists, tended to share the sense of the universe as an orderly place that was governed by natural law and capable of being expressed in mathematical and geometric terms. One of the artist that practiced this philosophy was Piero della Francesca. A development of his believes can be seen in his work Resurrection in which all the figures in the painting are contained within a triangle with Christ at the apex. This would become a major compositional device in Renaissance painting and can be seen in many other works of the time, another example would be ___________________.

Leonardo's da Vinci's Madonna of the Rocks

______________ was a pivotal work of art in the development of Analytic Cubism with its extreme faceting of form, the use of multiple views, and the collapsing of space. These are all characteristics that were used to develop the style of Analytic Cubism.

Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France is a splendid example of Stone Age painting from the ____________ period. These superimposed realistic images of horses, bulls, and reindeer appear to be stampeding in all directions. The artist used a variety of techniques to capture foreshortening and contrast of light and shadow to create the illusion of three-dimensional forms.

Paleolithic

Which statement applies to this work of art?

Perhaps the most significant figure painter ofthe Impressionism movement was Piette-Auguste Renoir. One of his favoritesubject matters and of the Impressionist artists was painting members of themiddle class enjoying leisure time activities. In Le Mounlin de la Galette wesee his primary interest of painting the effect of light as it players acrossthe surface of objects and his characteristic feathery brushstrokes

At first the works of Georges Seurat seem like they would be part of the Impressionist movement, except he disciplined the free and fluent play of the Impressionist into a calculated arrangement of color based on scientific color theories. Seurat's technique is called ________, after his application of pigment in small dabs, or points, of pure color. Upon close inspection, the painting appears to be a collection of dots of vibrant hues-complementary colors abutting one another, primary colors placed side by side. These hues intensify or blend to form yet another color in the eye of the viewer who beholds the canvas from a distance.

Pointillism

A group of artist came together during the nineteenth century. They were united in their rebellion against Impressionism or what they considered an excessive concern for fleeting impressions and a disregard for traditional compositional elements. The __________ individual styles differed considerably and included such artist as Vincent van Goth, Paul Gaugiun, George Seurat, and Paul Cezanne.

Postimpressionist

Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece (Figure 6-12) is a _____________ whose three panels from left to right, contain the kneeling donors of the Altarpiece; an Annunciation scene with the Virgin Mary and the angel Gabriel; and Joseph, the foster father of Jesus, at the work in his carpentry shop.

Religious work

_____________ is a Greek word meaning "Rebirth" spanning roughly the 14th - 16th centuries.

Renaissance

The Surrealist followed Freud's theory of the unconscious and his free association technique for by passing the conscious mind. The Surrealist were inspired by the thoughts and visions of the subconscious mind and sought to record them in their art. One of the two methods of Surrealism is Illusionistic Surrealism. It rendered the irrational content, absurd juxtapositions and metamorphoses of the dream state in a highly illusionistic manner. It is exemplified by ______________.

Salvador Dali's The Persistence of Memory

Which statement applies to this work of art?

The Impressionist Mary Cassatt is an American artist who moved to France to become part of the inner circle of the Impressionists. In the work The Boating Party we see her style differs from the atmospherics and transitory images of other Impressionists. She constructs a more solid composition with her use of color, line, the compressed sense of space, and the simplified shapes of the boat and sail.

Which statement applies to this work of art?

The expressionist artist Kathe Kollwitz sought to evoke universal symbols for inhumanity, injustice, and humankind's destruction of itself in her works. In the work The Outbreak even though it records an event in the Peasant's war of the 16th century, it stands as an inspiration to all those who strive for freedom against the odds.

A Bronze sculpture occupies three-dimensional space and has measurable volume and weight. So it has ________________ .

actual mass

12. When we look at the Late Gothic work Madonna Enthroned by Cimabue and the Early Renaissance work Madonna Enthroned by Giotto, we see both similarities and differences. Both works can be considered transitional works. By use of observation, knowledge learned in previous chapters, and reading this chapter , which of these statements is/are true about these two works. A. Both works were carefully structured, are basically symmetrical and are contained in a gabled shape. They both use gold embellishment common to Byzantine art. Most importantly they have the same content and composition to a large extent. B. Cimabue constructed space for the Madonna and surrounding figures to inhabit with the structural design of the throne. Both Cimabue and Giotto figures have height and width, but only Giotto figures have depth and mass through his greater use of chiaroscuro. There is also greater depth in Giotto's work in the perspective used in the groups of angles used by both artist. Their location in space is from front to rear rather than atop one another as in Cimabue's composition. C. Cimabue's slender Virgin, is fragile beneath the thin rippling of her drapery, where as Giotto has replaced her with a godly mother, a figure that has substance dimensionality and bulk even to the swelling of her bosom. Giotto's Madonna sits firmly on her throne, with the unshakable stability of an ancient marble goddess. The throne is deep enough to contain this monumental figure, its niche like structure encloses her on three sides with the outlines of her body and the drapery forms realistically around the figure. Cimabue's Madonna sits unsurely not solidly, the body lacks the correct perspective and depth making one unsure of the form beneath the drapery that is done in a stylized technique so that it also lacks depth and form. D. Giotto's greater use of chiaroscuro makes for a more naturalistic composition.

all of these

Compare and contrast the portal sculpture of the Chartres Cathedral and the Reims Cathedral. Which of these statements are true.

all of these

Bernini combined the arts of ________________ to archive the desired theatrical effect in the sculptural group The Ecstasy of St. Theresa for the chapel of the Cornaro family in the church of Saint Maria Della Vittoria. Uncontrollable passion and theatrical drama best describe this masterpiece of Baroque art.

architecture, sculpture, and painting

If a vertical axis were drawn through the center of the work, the two halves of the central figures and the geometric motifs and animal motifs extending to the sides would be exact mirror images balancing each other. This work has ____________________

bilateral symmetry

During the Classical period, the Greek sculptor Polykleitos's developed a __________ from which he would derive his 'ideal' figures. He has idealized the athletic figure by imposing on it a set of laws relating part to part, such as the entire body is equal in height to eight heads.

canon of proportions

Even though this church has a traditional plain exterior like other Christian churches, the Church of San Vitale is an example of the __________ church, which was the popular style in the East and the art of Byzantine. This church is know for its spatial effect. It is octagonal with a domed central space, its circular nave is ringed by an aisle or ambulatory eliminating the longitudinal axis of the Early Christian basilica.

central plan

An important improvement from Archaic sculpture in depicting a more realistic human figure in __________ sculpture that can be seen in Polykleitos's Doryphoros is the weight shift principle. The human figure is situated so that the legs and hips are turned in one direction and the chest and arms in another. This shifting of weight results in a diagonal balancing of tension and relaxation.

classical

_______________ is the organization of the visual elements in a work of art.

composition

The other most significant building design was the use of _________ to replace cut stone.

concrete

There are three levels of ____________ subject matter, elements and composition, and underlying or symbolic meaning or themes.

content

In a spirit of rebellion and disillusionment during World War I, a group of artist established the ______ movement. It declared itself against art, responding to the absurdity of war and the insanity of a world that gave rise to it. They declared that art, a reflection of this sorry state of affairs was stupid and must be destroyed. In its nihilistic mocking of traditional values in the arts and by extension Western society as a whole, the artist Marcel Duchamp created the Mona Lisa (L.H.O.O.Q.). In which he impudently defiled a color print of Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece with a moustache and goatee.

dada

The ______ is an architectural structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere or a half globe and is commonly defined as an arch rotated 360 degrees.

dome

___________ are abrasive and scratch the surface of the support, leaving particles of the material being used where they come into contact with the support. They include the mediums of silverpoint, pencil, charcoal, chalk, crayon, and pastel.

dry media

___________ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a ______.

groin vaults; bay

Perhaps because early Christians were persecuted they adopted many symbols that were already present in Roman art for their own proposes like a fish for Christ and grapes for the promise of salvation through the blood Jesus had shed. But after the persecution stopped the symbolism still remained and important part of Christian Art. So when interpreting a Christian work of art, it is important to interpret its symbolic meaning or its ______, such as, the The Good Shepherd in St. Pietro and Marcellino, in which the symbolizing of Jonah's deliverance, after three days, from the belly of the monster as a prefiguration of Christ's resurrection.

iconpgraphy

The Dutch Baroque painter Rembrandt was a much sought after portrait painter. Rembrandt surrounded his figures in a haziness using exaggerated chiaroscuro as other Baroque artist and he used a painterly technique like Valasquez in which his brush strokes are heavily loaded with pigments and applied in thick ________.

impasto

________ is an oil painting technique in which oil paint is applied so thickly that it can physically construct the image. It is any thick application of paint in which the strokes of the brush or palette knife are recorded as an actual texture on the surface of the paint.

impasto

In the work The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, the Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens created _____________ . By resting the mass of struggling forms on a single point so that we know visually that all this energy cannot be supported on this single point, so we inter continuous movement.

implied motion and time

The vocabulary of art includes ________________________________; these are the visual or plastic elements.

line, shape, light, value, color, texture, space, time, and motion

The fresco The Schools of Athens uses ____________________ a system for depicting the depth, in which parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point. Forms get smaller in proportion to the receding lines.

linear perspective

Judy flaps voodoo is a ______________ work of art. The highly saturated colors and jagged shapes comprise the content and the spirit of the work with no references to make sure our reality.

nonobjective

In order to create a naturalistic representation of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface Renaissance artist developed rulers of perspective. In Masaccio's Holy Trinity one sees the use of ___________ as he creates the illusion of an extension of the architectural space in the church.

one-point linear perspective

__________ is any printmaking technique in which the printing plate or matrix is carved with carving tools so that the areas that are not meant to be printed (that is, that are not meant to leave an image) are below the surface of the matrix. The image is printed from the remaining raised surface.

relief

In the Middle Ages there was one art form that women of all social classes and walks of life were taught, ___________________. The most famous surviving example of works created by women is the Bayeux Tapestry, which describes the invasion of England by William the Conqueror in a continuous narrative that was at least 230 running feet long.

the fiber arts of weaving and embroidery

__________ primarily used for covering roofs of structures, acquire their strength from the fact that the sides of a triangle, once joined, cannot be forced out of shape.

trusses