Art Final

One of the most tragic and best known figures of the Postimpressionist was ___________. He felt painting was about the expression of the artist emotions and color was an important part of this.

Vincent van Gogh

One of the founders of the Der Blaue Reiter movement _____ believed in colors capacity to communicate the artists in most psychological and spiritual concerns. In his essay "Concerning the Spiritual in Art" he examined the belief that artist must express the spirit and their innermost feelings by the orchestration of color, form, line, and space.

Wassily Kandinsky

Narmer Palette, Egyptian; Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian; Stele Inscribed with the Law Code of Hammurabi, Assyrian Compare these three works of art, Narmer Palette, Old Kingdom Egyptian, Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian and the Stele Inscribed with the Law Code of Hammurabi, Assyrian. Which of these statements is/are true.?

ANSWER: E) A, B, and C

For some Abstract Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock, the gestural application of paint seems to be the most important aspect of their work. Pollock would walk across the surface of the work of art dripping and splashing paint across his huge canvases. The art critic Harold Rosenberg coined the term ___________ in 1951 to describe the outcome of his painting process—a painting whose surface implied a strong sense of activity, as created by the signs of brushing, dipping, or splattering of paint.

Action Painting

Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini all created a sculpture of David. Compare and contrast these sculptures. Which of these statements is/are true?

All of these are correct with A, B, and C being the proof of statement D.

In Egyptian art the depiction of the figure followed a strict conventionalism that lasted for thousands of years. The exception to this was the ______________ when the wedge-shaped stylizations that stood as a rigid canon for the representation of the human body were replaced by curving lines and full-bodied forms.

Amarna period

Kouros figure, Greek Kourus Figure* A prime example of sculpture of the ______ and the characteristics that it entails would be the Kouros Figure.

Archaic period

Ulysses in the Land of the Lestrygonians, is an example of the _________ . Works in this style give the illusion of an opening of space away from the plane of the wall, as if the viewer were looking out a window.

Architectural style of Roman painting

The Last Supper by Leonardo's da Vinci displays, the Renaissance ideals of Classicism, humanism, and technical perfection. Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign, which of these would be examples of "technical perfection."

B, C, E, and G

Justinian and Attendants from the Church of St. Vitale, is an example of ________ . This art style comprised most of the ornamentation of the Early Christian churches.

a mosaic

The most significant design in Roman construction was the __________.

arch

In the Baroque period the Renaissance balance between emotion and restraint that was adopted from Classical Greek Art gives way to unleashed passion and the theatricality and the marked extension of the figure into the surrounding space of _____________.

Greek Hellenistic Art

In the ______________, art is characterized by excessive, almost theatrical emotion and the use of illusionistic effects to heighten realism. In sculpture the space surrounding the figures is treated as an extension of the viewer's space, at times narrowing the fine line between art and reality.

Hellenistic period of Greek art

"May" from Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de Berry, by the Limbourg brothers is an excellent example of the _______________ of painting of the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

International style

Sculpture of the _________________ periods was mainly restricted to architectural decoration in relief sculptures around the portals or principle entrances. Some of the most important and elaborate sculptural decoration is found in a semicircular space above the cathedral doors called the _________.

(1) Romanesque and Gothic (2) tympanum

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) by Polykleitos* An important improvement from Archaic sculpture in depicting a more realistic human figure in __________ sculpture that can be seen in Polykleitos's Doryphoros is the weight shift principle.

Classical

________ can trace its heritage to the analytical and intellectual work of Cezanne. It built upon his geometrization of nature, abandonment of scientific perspective, rendering of multiple views, and emphasis on the two-dimensional canvas surface

Cubism

In a spirit of rebellion and disillusionment during World War I, a group of artist established the ______ movement. It declared itself against art, responding to the absurdity of war and the insanity of a world that gave rise to it.

Dada

The central theme in the works of the Expressionist painter ________ pain and isolation. In The Scream he transforms the placid landscape into one that echoes in waves of high-pitched tone that emanates from the sunken head.

Edward Munch

Statue of Khafre, from Giza* The __________ Statue of Khafre is an example of tomb sculpture. The artist has confined the figure to the block of stone from which it was carved instead of allowing it to stand freely in space. Permanence was essential as sculptures like Khafre were created to house the ka, or _________ if the mummified remains of the deceased disintergrated.

Egyptian, Old Kingdom; soul

A short-lived but influential art movement, __________ choose their color and brushwork on the basis of its ability to express emotional qualities.

Fauvism

The American painter ________ captured the essence of her subjects by simplifying their forms.

Georgia O'Keeffe

The _____ culture has had more far-reaching and lasting influence on art and civilization than any other culture. Even today its influences can be felt in science, mathematics, law, politics, and art.

Greek

Sketch I for Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky.* From the statements below which is not an example of formalist criticism for the work Sketch I for Composition VII?

Kandinsky used the Apocalypse or the end of the world as foretold in the biblical Book of Revelation as inspiration for this work of art..

______________ was a pivotal work of art in the development of Analytic Cubism with its extreme faceting of form, the use of multiple views, and the collapsing of space.

Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France* Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France is a splendid example of Stone Age painting from the ____________ period.

Paleolithic

At first the works of Georges Seurat seem like they would be part of the Impressionist movement, except he disciplined the free and fluent play of the Impressionist into a calculated arrangement of color based on scientific color theories. Seurat's technique is called ________, after his application of pigment in small dabs, or points, of pure color.

Pointillism

A group of artist came together during the nineteenth century. They were united in their rebellion against Impressionism or what they considered an excessive concern for fleeting impressions and a disregard for traditional compositional elements. The __________ individual styles differed considerably and included such artist as Vincent van Goth, Paul Gaugiun, George Seurat, and Paul Cezanne.

Postimpressionist

__________ is a Greek word meaning "Rebirth" spanning roughtly the 14th - 16th centuries.

Renaissance

The Surrealist followed Freud's theory of the unconscious and his free association technique for by passing the conscious mind. The Surrealist were inspired by the thoughts and visions of the subconscious mind and sought to record them in their art. One of the two methods of Surrealism is Illusionistic Surrealism. It rendered the irrational content, absurd juxtapositions, and metamorphoses of the dream state in a highly illusionistic manner. It is exemplified by ______________.

Salvador Dali's The Persistence of Memory

A Bronze sculpture occupies three-dimensional space and has measurable volume and weight. So it has ________________ .

actual mass

Bernini combined the arts of ________________ to archive the desired theatrical effect in the sculptural group The Ecstasy of St. Theresa for the chapel of the Cornaro family in the church of Saint Maria Della Vittoria. Uncontrollable passion and theatrical drama best describe this masterpiece of Baroque art.

architecture, sculpture, and painting

Chikat Robe by Dorica Jackson. Look on page 247 at figure 12-18. If a vertical axis were drawn through the center of the work, the two halves of the central figures and the geometric motifs and animal motifs extending to the sides would be exact mirror images balancing each other. This work has ____________________

bilateral symmetry

During the Classical period, the Greek sculptor Polykleitos's developed a __________ from which he would derive his 'ideal' figures. He has idealized the athletic figure by imposing on it a set of laws relating part to part, such as the entire body is equal in height to eight heads.

canon of proportions

Even though this church has a traditional plain exterior like other Christian churches, the Church of San Vitale is an example of the __________ church, which was the popular style in the East and the art of Byzantine. .

central plan

_______________ is the organization of the visual elements in a work of art.

composition

The other most significant building desing was the use of ________ to replace cut stone.

concrete

There are three levels of ____________ subject matter, elements and composition, and underlying or symbolic meaning or themes.

content

The ______ is an architectural structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere or a half globe and is commonly defined as an arch rotated 360 degrees.

dome

___________ are abrasive and scratch the surface of the support, leaving particles of the material being used where they come into contact with the support. They include the mediums of silverpoint, pencil, charcoal, chalk, crayon, and pastel.

dry media

__________ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a___________.

grion vaults; bay

Perhaps because early Christians were persecuted they adopted many symbols that were already present in Roman art for their own proposes like a fish for Christ and grapes for the promise of salvation through the blood Jesus had shed. But after the persecution stopped the symbolism still remained and important part of Christian Art. So when interpreting a Christian work of art, it is important to interpret its symbolic meaning or its ______, such as, the The Good Shepherd in St. Pietro and Marcellino, in which the symbolizing of Jonah's deliverance, after three days, from the belly of the monster as a prefiguration of Christ's resurrection.

iconpgraphy

Head of St. Matthew by a Follower of Rembrandt Van Rijn and detail.* ________ is an oil painting technique in which oil paint is applied so thickly that it can physically construct the image. It is any thick application of paint in which the strokes of the brush or palette knife are recorded as an actual texture on the surface of the paint.

impasto

The Dutch Baroque painter Rembrandt was a much sought after portrait painter. Rembrandt surrounded his figures in a haziness using exaggerated chiaroscuro as other Baroque artist and he used a painterly technique like Valasquez in which his brush strokes are heavily loaded with pigments and applied in thick ________.

impasto

In the work The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, the Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens created _____________ . By resting the mass of struggling forms on a single point so that we know visually that all this energy cannot be supported on this single point, so we inter continuous movement.

implied motion and time

The vocabulary of art includes ________________________________; these are the visual or plastic elements.

line, shape, light, value, color, texture, space, time, and motion

The fresco The Schools of Athens uses ____________________ a system for depicting the depth, in which parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point. Forms get smaller in proportion to the receding lines.

linear perspective

Look on page 98 at figure 4-11. Voodoo by Judy Pfaff Judy Pfaff's Voodoo is a ______________ work of art. The highly saturated colors and jagged shapes comprise the content and the spirit of the work with no references to make sure our reality.

nonobjective

In order to create a naturalistic representation of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface Renaissance artist developed rulers of perspective. In Masaccio's Holy Trinity one sees the use of ___________ as he creates the illusion of an extension of the architectural space in the church.

one-point linear perspective

__________ is any printmaking technique in which the printing plate or matrix is carved with carving tools so that the areas that are not meant to be printed (that is, that are not meant to leave an image) are below the surface of the matrix. The image is printed from the remaining raised surface.

relief

In the visual arts, ______________ refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, or specific culture or time period.

style

In the Middle Ages there was one art form that women of all social classes and walks of life were taught, ___________________. The most famous surviving example of works created by women is the Bayeux Tapestry, which describes the invasion of England by William the Conqueror in a continuous narrative that was at least 230 running feet long.

the fiber arts of weaving and embroidery

________________ primarily used for covering roofs of structures, acquire their strength from the fact that the sides of a triangle, once joined, cannot be forced out of shape.

trusses