Art Final Ch. 6

In the year ___, the Romans overtook the Etruscans, forming a republic centered in Rome.

509 BCE

___ proves that artists working for Christian patrons continued to use pagan themes.

A large silver platter

Trajan chose ___, who was an experienced military engineer, as the architect of his forum.

Apollodorus of Damascus

The Ara Pacis Augustae commemorates the triumphal return of ___ following the establishment of Roman rule in Gaul and Hispania.

Augustus

The last important imperial government building erected in Rome was the...

Basilica Nova/Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine

The Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius was mistakenly revered as ___ for many centuries.

Constantine

In 313 CE, Constantine issued the ___, which was a model of religious tolerance.

Edict of Milan

The dramatic action of the Gemma Augustea reflects the influence of ___ art.

Hellenistic

The Arch of Constantine commemorates Constantine's victory over ___.

Maxentias

The Augustus of Primaporta adapted the pose of a ___ by melding it to the Polykleitos's Spearbearer.

Roman Orator

___ are the architectural features of the Pantheon that could NOT be seen by ancient Romans as they approached the temple entrance.

The rotunda and dome

The Flavian Amphitheater was started under the emperor ___.

Vespasian

In approximately 1000 BCE, a group of people called the ___ occupied the northern and western regions of what was to become known as the Italian peninsula.

Villanovans

Relief carvings on the Arch of Constantine demonstrates a stylistic shift in art of the fourth century that was characterized by...

a 2-dimensional, hierarchical approach to representation

On the Column of Trajan, the emperor appears as...

a stable and efficient commander

While art under Augustus commemorated historical events, its combination of idealistic form with realistic details also served a primary role...

as imperial propaganda

The artist of the Garden Villa at the Villa of Livia used ___ to make the distance less distinct.

atmospheric perspective

The Etruscans built their homes around a(n) ___ or central courtyard.

atrium

The Roman home generally consisted of small rooms arranged around one or two open courts called the ___ and the ___.

atrium and peristyle

The Porta Augusta is architecturally significant for its use of ___, which anticipates Roman building practices.

barrel vaults

The decoration of Etruscan tombs suggests a ___ attitude towards death and the afterlife.

celebratory

The ___ most resembled temples built in Greece.

columns and entablature

In the first century BCE, the innovative use of ___ in architecture was considered to be a technological breakthrough.

concrete

The ___ of the Augustus of Primaporta alludes to the descent of the Julians from Venus.

cupid

An artistic ideal emerged in Roman portraiture during the Republican period that emphasized...

distinguishing features and the effects of aging

The hair of the Young Flavian Woman, demonstrates Roman artists' skillful ___, a technique for rapidly cutting deep grooves with straight sides.

drillwork

Romans relied primarily on building materials that were...

durable and easily worked

Roman artists created beautiful mosaic panels called ___ in their workshops and then installed them in the desired location.

emblemata

Although the temple resembles a Greek temple, the decorative use of ___ is a distinctly Roman feature.

engaged columns

The metalworking technique ___ was used to decorate Etruscan cista.

engraving

The children depicted in the sculptural decoration of the Ara Pacis Augustae serve as...

evidence of Augustus' line of imperial heirs, examples of the Roman love of realistic detail in art, and reminders to the people of the importance of family.

In comparison to Greek women,Roman women were...

far freer

Characterized by ___, portraits of the Emperor Caracalla reflect the changing character of Imperial rule.

his intense, fierce expression

Artists used ___ to create a colorful dado below the images decorating interior walls of the House of the Vetii.

illusionistic painting

According to the text, Augustus used his government to facilitate the Empire's development and administration by...

initiating massive building projects to improve city life

Scholars believe that the elaborate murals at the Villa of the Mysteries depict...

initiation rites for the cult of Baachus

Housing in a Roman city was made up of apartment blocks called ___.

insulae

Artists decorating the Villa at Boscoreale used ___ to create a general impression of real space beyond the wall.

intuitive perspective

The biggest problem with concrete is...

it deteriorates if exposed to water

The soaring groin and barrel vaults made ___, an essential feature of the Baths of Caracalla possible.

large windows

In the Initiation Rites of the Cult of Baachus at the Villa of the Mysteries the figural scenes take place...

on a shallow stage

Etruscan temples were built on a(n) ___ or platform.

podium

The composition of The Tetrarchs conveys Rome's political situation in the late Empire by suggesting ___ among the leaders.

political unity

Gardens in Roman houses included fruit bearing trees, fountains and pools, and topiary work. They did NOT include...

portrait busts of ancestors

The paintings in the House of the Vetii...

resemble framed pictures hung on the wall

In contrast to Greek architectural sculpture, Etruscans decorated the ___ of their temples.

roof

The Etruscans often decorated their tombs to resemble...

rooms in their homes

Changes in Roman burial practice in the second and third centuries led to the commissions of elaborately decorated ___.

sacrophagi

A motif that commonly appears in Etruscan tomb painting is...

scenes of festive leisure activity

What is NOT a characteristic of Etruscan art?

serene detachment

The function of the colossal statue of Constantine the Great was to...

serve as a permanent stand in for the emperor

___ is a slow-drying type of plaster that can be both carved and molded.

stucco

The Baths at Caracalla are laid out on a ___ plan.

symmetrical

Anna Maria Carruba challenged the Etruscan origins of the Capitoline She-Wolf based on its ___.

technique

The Etruscan's production of large-scale sculpture using ___ demonstrates exceptional technical skills.

terra cotta

The simple design and imposing scale of the Basilica at Trier reflects ___ period of Roman history.

tetrarchy

At Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, ___ was a long reflecting pool framed by a colonnade.

the canal

The study of ___ of Roman homes had been neglected until 1973.

the gardens

The variation of the Doric order with an unfluted shaft and simplified base, capital, and entablature is called the ___ order.

tuscan

The Romans' tradition of realistic portrait sculpture probably derives from their...

veneration of deceased ancestors

Roman Republican portraiture is associated with the notion of ___, a meticulously faithful representation of the subject's appearance.

verism