Art final prep
A large ice mass began to melt around 9000 BCE which sparked a change for the early humans, which of the following statements best fits the link between the two periods:
During the paleolithic period, humans were living as hunters and gathers and the neolithic period is marked by a change towards farming and living in communities
The standard of Your, (war/peace side), depicts which of the following?
Early example of historical narrative
The funerary practice of the Mycenaean's, covering the faces of the dead with gold masks, recalls what other culture?
Egyptians
The focus of both intellectual and religious life changed in the rapidly expanding cities, going from monasteries in the countryside to larger pilgrimage churches and cathedrals. Which of the following would account for this change?
It was a time of great prosperity in Europe and France in particular experienced growth in population and new architecture.
Within the Çatal Höyük settlement a landscape painting was found. Which statement best defines the term landscape?
It is a picture of a natural setting in its own right without any narrative content
Paris claimed to be the intellectual center of Gothic Europe. Scholastic guilds are examples of this, which of the following best supports this claim?
It was a center for fine book production.
What is the best explanation for the existence of the Mawiya minaret?
Its purpose was to announce the presence of Islam.
Which of the following was the first to break with tradition and use his portrait on Roman coinage?
Julius Caesar
Which of the following is a palace on Crete?
Knossos
A standing figure of a young man is known in Ancient Greek art as which of the following?
Kouros
The earliest known example of the use of contrapposto is the sculpture known as the:
Kritios Boy
What do we begin to see in terms of art and architecture after the Edict of Milan was issued? Choose the answer that is not correct.
Larger churches with an emphasis on exterior sculpture because Christians could freely worship in public now
Which of the following is the best example of a stele?
Law Code of Hammurabi
Many of the pilgrims traveled great distances in a belief that the harder their journey and length, the greater God's favor might be. Stopping along the routes to view relics was a regular occurrence, which of the following best fits their views on relics?
Many believed these relics held special powers and would travel great distances to view or touch these sacred items
What do the styles of churches that were built during Constantine's reign have in common with those during the Late Antiquity and Byzantine?
Many of the churches built during these periods were based off of roman basilicas, this was done in an effort to both distance themselves from the pagan past but also offer a place of worship that would easily accommodate many people.
Why are many of the churches especially during the Late Antiquity and Byzantine periods so plain or austere on the outside? Choose the answer that is not correct
Many of the churches were plain on the outside because all of the skilled artists died during the crusades.
The structural foundation of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia owes much to the architecture of the Greco-Roman East. Which structural feature accounts for this?
Roman forum
A "pilgrimage church" originated in which of the following periods?
Romanesque Europe
Which of the following became a standard feature of French Gothic architecture?
Rose windows
What church plan was used as the model for the palace chapel at Aachen?
San Vitale
The Tympanum during the Romanesque period would typically include...
Scenes from the life of Christ
As the newly transformed Roman Empire developed during the Late Antiquity the style of church being built changed from the previous period "The Roman Empire-Ch.7". Choose the answer that best fits what became typical of this period, (Late Antiquity):
Simple brick-faced facades, the churches were meant to appear humble, which embodied the ideal Christian values.
The Ziggurat at Ur can best be described as:
Sumerian temple base
The Throne of Wisdom statues that became popular during the Romanesque period were earthly manifestations of both the presence and the authority of the Virgin Mary. They were seen as a way to communicate with the heavenly court—relaying people's prayers and interceding on their behalf. T/F
True
The façade of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres was organized according to the Golden Ratio. This is because geometry played a huge role in architecture and was considered divine. T/F
True
The rise of images of the Virgin Mary as a human mother grew in the Gothic period. Examples like Virgin of Jeanne d'Evreux, show her as a human mother with her child as she was increasingly seen to have earthly qualities like human emotion and interaction. T/F
True
There are similarities between Bull-headed hard and the Standard of Ur. T/F
True
Writing was first developed in the Ancient Near East. T/F
True
Minoans coated the rough surface of their rubble walls with a fine white lime plaster that required rapid execution and great skill. Which painting method was used with this type of fabrication?
True fresco
Which of the following tomb styles was used by the Etruscans?
Tumulus style tomb cut directly out of the rock-bed
A Palette could best be described as:
a stone slab with a circular depression used for mixing pigment to then be applied to the face.
An amphora could best be described as...
a vessel with two handles meant to store liquid or for transport.
How could art development be described in the Early and High Classical Periods of ancient Greece?
abandonment of the rigid and unnatural poses of the earlier period, they began to favor sculpture that reflected how human being truly stand, the inclusion of more lifelike features, and the pursuit of perfection.
The Palette of King Narmer established the convention for state policy represented in art, a policy proclaiming the pharaoh a divine ruler. Which of the following supports this idea?
larger than life representation of pharaoh
In the Byzantine period the use of icons flourished, these icons were:
often used for private devotion and not intended to be worshiped.
The theme celebrated in both the Tomb of the Leopards and the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing is which of the following?
the joy of life
In ancient Greece a painting method was employed on many of the statues and temples, which of the following best describes this method:
the method used is when pigment is mixed with wax then applied to the surface
Many works of Ancient Near Eastern art that survive today show . ..
the power of kings and rulers.
The portal sculptures for Chartres Cathedral, (Gothic) are distinctly different from their Romanesque counterparts. Which of the following accounts for this distinction?
the prominence of Mary in the portal program
The shape of the pyramids is probably a reference to:
the sun
The Republican portraits, (early Roman portraiture), are usually of older men -termed verism. Which of the following explains the life-like appearance of these portraits?
the tradition of household images of lineage
Manuscripts became a distinctive product used in the Christian Church:
these texts were considered sacred and given much care during their production in the monasteries.
What is the main power and influence of a piece like the Röttgen Pietà? Why did pieces like become popular during the Gothic period? Choose the answer that does not fit:
they were trying to create images that people could not relate to in order to keep the religious practices a mystery.
What is the best way to describe the Archaic Period from ancient Greece?
this period would best be defined by an increasing interest in the development of art, specifically through pottery and sculpture, taking their cues from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
Which of the following provided the greatest source of information regarding the reconstruction of ancient Egyptian civilization?
tomb interiors
Relics were held to have spiritual power—to effect healing miracles and time off from Purgatory. T/F
true
Which of the following statements best supports the use of icons in the Early Byzantine period
typically portable paintings meant for public and private devotion.
In the Late Antiquity Jews and Christians began to pool their money together to purchase land and build Catacombs. Catacombs can be described as...
underground burial chambers that run for miles and were common during this time so the faithful could adhere to proper burial rituals
Repousse is a method...
used by metal workers to produce an image from a single sheet of metal pushing the features from the back
in place of images the iconoclasts used only symbolic forms already familiar in Early Christian art. Which of the following symbolic forms would be acceptable
vacant Throne of God
Which new architectural elements quickly transformed the rapidly expanding Roman Empire?
varied dome styles
prefiguration can be described as which of the following?
visual clue that lets the viewer know what is to come in the future
The fibula excavated from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb illustrates motifs borrowed from the Orient. Which of the following is an example of motif used here?
walking lions
Trajan's Column
was a possible model for Bernward's column.
Which of the following best describes and distinguishes linear perspective seen in Roman painting? A form of perspective used to create depth..
where all receding lines converge at one point
In medieval art history, the word "icon" means...
"image" and refers to religious images used in prayer and devotion.
What distinguishes the red-figure technique of Greek vase painting?
Red figures appear in silhouette against a black slip background.
All of the following are features found in the sculpture Dying Gaul except which of the following. Choose the characteristic that does not fit Hellenistic sculpture:
A serene expression
Early Medieval burial traditions were recorded in the
:Saga of Beowulf
What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
A collection of ancient poems that describe the stories surrounding an ancient Sumerian king
The Ancient Greeks loved the "ideal human", transferring this idea to their sculptures, eventually progressing to the point of showing a figure standing at rest -termed Contrapposto. Which of the following statements best fits this term?
A figure standing with one leg tensed the other leg at rest, creating a natural S curve.
How can arabesque motif be characterized?
A fundamental element of Islamic art made up of rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils or plain lines.
In Ancient Greece temples were built in an elevated place in the city. The term for this is:
An acropolis
In Roman painting a use of perspective emerged termed atmospheric perspective, which of the following is the best fits the definition?
An attempt to show depth where what appears close is clear and objects that are farther away appear blurred
Why is Ancient Mesopotamia often referred to as the cradle of civilization?
Because of the complex urban centers and large amounts of detailed artifacts that indicated a sophisticated society
Spring Fresco is the first pure landscape. Which of the following best defines landscape?
It has no humans and no narrative element.
Why is the Christian community house in Dura-Europos only a small house?
Christians did not have financial support from the Roman state
Define city state and why is it important?
City states were developed in Ancient Mesopotamia, they were each governed independently from each other, had own gods, rulers, and personalities.
The naturalism of the Kritios Boy embodies which period of Greek art?
Classical
The Colosseum and the Pantheon share a structural material for which Roman engineers became famous. What is that material?
Concrete
The Romans were responsible for the invention of which new building material?
Concrete
Christianity was recognized as the official religion of Rome in the early fourth century CE by which of the following?
Constantine
What was the most significant role that Constantine played in the transformation of the Roman Empire?
Constantine played a significant role in the transformation of the Roman Empire, this was mainly due to the shift in religion that he ushered in. Prior to his rule the empire was polytheistic and pagan
What form of arch is above the lintel of the Lion Gate?
Corbelled arch
What is cuneiform and why is it important?
Cuneiform is part of the first style that was developed in Ancient Mesopotamia. This truly remarkable development is a great example of the early sophistication coming out of the ancient near east and was part of the larger story of the Sumerians being smart
Which of the following statements best describes the use of cylinder seals?
Cylinder seals were used to mark possessions, identify ownership, and functioned much like a signature
The coming of a new religion to Jerusalem, a city sacred to both Jews and Christians, is marked by a monument known as the ____________, this site is also the spot where Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven and may have once been the site of the Ark of the Covenant:
Dome of the Rock
Which of the following is built over the spot from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven
Dome of the Rock
The medium used for the icon Virgin and Child between Saints is which of the following?
Encaustic
The open eyed stares of the votive statues Statuettes of Two Worshipers of Ancient Sumer are thought to represent:
Eternal wakefulness and duty
Byzantine art changed radically during its history. T/F
False
In ancient mesopotamia the preferred rendering of humans and animals was highly realistic, never stylized, and they did not like to use composite or profile views. T/F
False
An important series of caves with paintings from the paleolithic period is located in?
France
Tomb paintings were created in which of the following techniques?
Fresco Secco
What is the best way to define composite view?
Frontal torso, profile head, legs and arms
The Human with Feline Head was found in
Germany
The Mesopotamian king who codified the law and prescribed penalties for infractions was:
Hammurabi
The statue of Queen Napir-Asu represents a queen and there is an allusion to fertility, Which motif supports the allusin?
Hands crossed over the belly
The 7th and 8th centuries were a period of turmoil for Byzantium and saw events which persuaded the Emperor that God was punishing the Empire for its idolatrous worship of icons. Based on this the Emperor initiated which of the following?
He formally prohibited the use of images.
Hildegard of Bingen made a number of significant contributions to both the arts and sciences, but she is most well known for her visions:
Hildegard was sought out for council as she was respected for her special gift.
Megalithic monuments are found throughout Europe, but which monument type is almost entirely limited to Britain?
Huge stones arranged in a circle
Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory. Which statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?
Marcus Aurelius
The positioning of all mosques, no matter period or country, must be oriented toward which of the following cities?
Mecca
The Prehistoric Aegean Lion Gate is the gateway to:
Mycenae
The Sumerians may have been the first to use pictures to tell coherent stories. What argument makes this a valid assertion?
Narrative presented in registers or bands
Sarcophagi began to gain popularity among Christians for burial, so their production increased. Which of the following best fits with this statement?
Often these were made prior to the death of an individual so facial features remained blank until they were purchased.
In Ancient Mesopotamia hierarchy scale of convention which indicated which of the following?
Order of importance
What do the bronze doors of St. Michael's at Hildesheim illustrate?
Original Sin and Redemption
The ancient Egyptians believed the unification of Egypt took place in a single great event. Which of the following is a record of that great event?
Palette of Narmer
Which of the following best describes cuneiform and why is it important?
Pictographs are a system of writing developed by the Sumerians in the Ancient Near East which led to cuneiform, a more complex way of writing, and marks the beginning of writing.
It has been suggested that cycladic figurines, (Figurine of a Woman & Male Lyre Player) were funerary offerings. Based on their schematized representation and size, how might they have been placed in the graves?
Placed on their backs
What type of imagery is commonly found in Mosque mosaics?
Plant inspired motifs, rivers, temples, and houses.
The _______burial epitomizes the tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings?
Sutton Hoo
What material was most influenced the Etruscans, (especially in their early prosperous period) in which they used to create their sculptures and temples?
Terracotta
Why is the Bayeux Tapestry so significant to Romanesque period?
The Bayeux Tapestry is so significant for both its accurate depiction of the Battle of Hastings, the time frame it was produced in, and the size of the tapestry.
Why is there fragmentary knowledge of Byzantine art prior to the 9th century?
The Iconoclasm
The Rapidly expanding Roman Empire incorporated new building material and architectural elements in their structures an example of this can be found in which of the following?
The Pantheon
During the Romanesque period Mary is often portrayed seated with Christ depicted as a child on her lap, what is the common term for this?
The Throne of Wisdom
Which of the following is not true about the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres?
The architect used rounded arches, thick walls, and massive piers to support the weight of the building internally
What details suggest the cause of the Dying Gaul's imminent death?
The broken sword and wound on his side
Tomb interiors often included hunting scenes. These are associated with the idea of providing provisions for the ka, and it is also a metaphor for which of the following?
Triumph over evil
Etruscan temples differed from Greek temples in which of the following ways?
The entrance was centered at the front of the structure
What helps the viewer identify the figure Dying Gaul as a Gaul, and not a Greek soldier who has fallen in battle?
The facial hair and rough features
The contrapposto of the Kritios Boy can be seen most clearly in which details?
The hips
What motivated the cultural changes that characterize Akhenaten's reign?
The king created a monotheistic state religion devoted to the god Aten.
Hierarchy of scale is a convention that was developed in Ancient Mesopotamia and Persia as a way to show which character is the key player in scene. T/F
True
Humans were making art long before they invented writing or farming. T/F
True
Images of heaven and hell caused medieval people to consider their eternal fate. T/F
True
The Byzantine Empire fell when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453. T/F
True
The Sumerians were responsible for many developments in the ancient world that helped further later societies, even our own. T/F
True
Due to Constantine ushering in Christianity we see a major shift in style of architecture. Why did this occur?
The shift in architecture during and after Constantine's rule is mainly due to his desire to make the places of worship distinct from that of the pagan past. Think Temple vs. Church and how their use differs.
The Rosetta Stone was a discovery which allowed which of the following...
The stone's discovery was a huge factor to unlocking the mysteries of ancient Egypt.
Early Christian cemeteries were a network of chambers dug underground. Which of the following would best complete this statement?
These catacombs would run for miles and give us the earliest information about Christian life and rituals.
The Etruscans shared a common linguistic heritage and religious beliefs to that of the Greeks and Romans. Choose from the following which best fits their culture:
Though the Etruscans shared similarities with their neighbors the culture they created was distinct in many ways.
What did the prehistoric paintings in European caves mean to the people who created them?
We don't know for sure, historians can only make educated guesses based on evidence.
Sculpture from the Hellenistic Period of ancient Greece could be described best in which of the following ways?
With Egypt being named another province of Rome and Athens becoming the Greeks center the Sculpture began to become more diverse as the population did, no longer did they primarily favor the god-like heroic images from the past, sculpture from this period became broader and choosing to depict the downtrodden and characters in painful and emotional states
Which of the following may identify a High Cross?
a circle intersecting the cross arms
During the sixth century BCE, Etruscans favored sarcophagi, which of the following best describes a sarcophagus?
a coffin type often decorated with an image of the deceased
The Etruscans buried their dead outside of the city; these sites are referred to as...
a necropolis
architectural elements are introduced at different points in history. The niche quickly became included in many of the buildings of this period:
a niche is a recessed semi-circular architectural element often used for display purposes
Best description of the Venus of Willendorf?
a small paleolithic figurine of a woman
Jeweled fibulae such as the pair found in France from the Early Medieval European period functioned as a clasp...
and were most likely used as status symbols
Where would an oculus be found?
at the center of a dome
Justinian's position in the apse of San Vitale shows him to be slightly behind the bishop, yet the placement of their feet and upper bodies indicates:
balance between Church and State
The Treasury of Atreus, (Tholos Style) is an excellent example of...
beehive tomb
Theodora's presence in the mosaic program of San Vitale indicates her importance and unique position within the court of Justinian. The representation of the Three Magi on the border of her robe also suggests she:
belongs in the elevated company
Gothic architecture used mostly rounded arches. T/F
false
A female figure used as an architectural support (column) is known as a:
caryatid
What new architectural elements began being incorporated into Christian Churches in the Early Byzantine period?
circular dome with a square base to transfer weight to the four corners
The term cloisonné refers to a technique known as the premier art during the early middle ages and found its way into manuscripts and sculpture from the period:
cloisonné is a method jewelers used to create partitions filled with stone or glass
Which of the following describes one of the drawbacks of the fresco secco (dry) technique?
colors do not fuse to the wall surface
The figures from the frieze of the Villa of Mysteries are thought to depict an initiation into which of the following?
cult of Dionysus
What is a Cista?
cylindrical container that held women's grooming tools
Sometimes a piece of art is made up of multiple parts, similar to a series of frames attached with hinges, (think about a photo frame that's meant for display where you put a picture in each side and open it to display it) Which of the following is a piece of artwork that has two parts that make a whole?
diptych
The Saminid mausoleum from Bukhara, Uzbekistan can be said to be which of the following structure types
dome-on-a cube form
The Late Classical Period of ancient Greece is distinct from the other sub periods due to which of the following?
due to the political climate of the period the Greeks began to lean into more realistic depictions and put idealism and the pursuit of perfection in the past favoring reflections of the real world.
Which of the following symbolized regeneration within Etruscan art? (as seen in one of the tomb paintings):
egg
Figures sculpted in the round can be defined as ___________.
freestanding
The Great Mosque at Córdoba, Spain has a hypostyle prayer hall including which of the following?
horseshoe shaped arches enhancing the interior space
What is the subject matter seen on the largest dagger found in the tomb from Grave Circle A?
hunters attacking lions
One of the suggested purposes for the cave paintings at Altamira, Spain is thought to have been:
insurance for their survival
Which of the following may be the best explanation for the portrayal of Akhenaton's body type?
it was meant to represent the sexless sun disk god Aton
Key elements of Gothic architecture include which of the following?
pointed arches, stained glass windows, & flying buttresses
In the Dura painting, Samuel anoints David, David is depicted with an attribute which is an example of prefiguration. Which of the following is that attribute?
purple toga
Early Archaic Greek monumental stone statues followed Egyptian style very closely. This style can be described as:
rigidly frontal with the left foot slightly advanced
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the pyramids? Think about the prime reason, though there are many, there is one that truly sent a message to the people of Egypt.
served as a reminder of the absolute power of the pharaoh
A popular, even called "the premier", type of artwork used during the Late Antiquity is mosaic. Choose the best way to describe this technique:
similar to tiling, (like many bathrooms or kitchens have-like to lay tile), where small pieces of glass or ceramic are used to create images
When looking at the Geometric and Orientalizing periods from ancient Greece what are the most prominent aspects of art?
smaller sculptures focusing on the reintroduction of the human figure into art.
The art of calligraphy was used to reproduce the words of the Koran in a beautiful way. Which of the following would never appear in ornamental writing of the Koran?
stylized animal forms
Where would a squinch most likely be found?
supporting a dome
Minoan columns, (Prehistoric Aegean) are distinguished by:
tapering shape and wide open capitals
Abbot Suger wanted to create an architectural style that would express the growing power of . . .
the French monarchy.
Choose the best answer from the following questions. Note all of the details in each option to include design origin etc:
the Ionic order is typically found on Crete and the Aegean Islands, noted for its decorative qualities.
The most significant transformation of the human condition was a result of:
the agricultural revolution
