Art History 102 Exam 1

relief print making is

- I remember as stamps - the image area is RAISED and the non-image is removed

Form refers to:

- the elements of art - the principles of design - the actual, physical materials that the artist has used All the above

Intaglio print making is

- the transfer from print to paper - the image area is BELOW the flat surface

which are characteristics of the Northern Renaissance style?

- using objects from the material world to symbolize spiritual ideas - trying to make the divine accessible to us and part of our world - paying attention to clarity and detail ALL OF THE ABOVE

lithography is

- when the plate is dampened and rolled over with a grease-based ink - or an artist draws with a greasy crayon onto a slab of prepared limestone that is then prepared, fixed, dampened, inked. then printed under preassure - it is the most autographic type of print making - it captures the exact mark made by the hand

the 3 types of prints are:

1) relief print making 2) Intaglio print making 3) lithography

the 3 categories art falls into are:

1) representation 2) expression 3) form

Ionic capital/ionic order

1/3 classical order of classical architecture the Ionic capital is characterized by the use of volutes

A landscape is a sketch, painting or photograph depicting a view of the sea.

False

Duccio was the founder of which style:

Sienese style

The art of Albrecht Durer was most influenced by:

The Protestant Reformation

pilaster

a design that looks as though it is a supportive column but is not! only an ornamental function consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall surface, usually treated as though it were a column, with a capital at the top, plinth (base) at the bottom, and the various other element

tapestry

a form of textile art typically woven on a vertical loom

fresco

a painting done in watercolor on a wall or ceiling

polyptych

a painting, typically an altarpiece, made up of more than three sections

Holbein's Henry VIII is an important image because

a perfect expression of power

tempera paint

a quick-drying paint bound by egg yolk that produced a flat, opaque surface

free-standing sculpture

a sculpture that is unattached to the background and has space on all sides referred to as sculpture in round... unlike relief, free-standing sculpture can be viewed from all sides

naturalism

a style in which an artists intends to represent a subject as it appears in the natural world

Mannerism

a style of art developed at the end of the High Renaissance, characterized by the deliberate distortion and exaggeration of perspective, especially the elongation of figures

idealized

a style of making art that depicts the human ideal aims for perfection

linear perspective

a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface all parallel lines in a painting or drawing using this system converge in a single vanishing point on the compositions horizon line

Perspective refers to

a technique for depicting a mathematical system of spatial relationships

barrel vault

a vault forming a half cylinder

volutes from ionic capital

a volute is a spiral, scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column

altarpiece

a work of art, especially a painting on wood, set above and behind an altar

content refers to...

a works essence or what is being depicted

Counter-Reformation

also called Catholic Reformation, in the history of Christianity, the Roman Catholic efforts directed in the 16th and early 17th centuries both against the Protestant Reformation and toward internal renewal

humanism

also known as Renaissance Humanism an intellectual movement embraced by scholars, writers, and civic leaders in 14th- and early-15th-century Italy Humanism introduced a program to revive the cultural—and particularly the literary—legacy and moral philosophy of classical antiquity

columns

an architectural invention that allowed for support of ceiling without the use of solid walls increasing the space, spanned by a ceiling

contrapposto

an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure where the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with those of the hips and legs weight shift onto one leg

central plan church

any structure designed with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas on each side; also called a greek-cross plan

classical architecture

architecture that is consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity

engravings

are where you engrave the image/art into a hard piece of metal as the art work and no transfer to paper

abstraction

broke the mold of usual art it uses shapes, forms, colors, and patterns that require the viewer to think and process the work little or no attempt is made to represent images

Frescoes are painted

directly on a wall

donors

donors are donor portraits is a portrait in a larger painting, or other work, showing the person who asked and paid for the image, the patron, or a member of the patrons family

Albrecht Dürer's, The Large Piece of Turf, 1503 is an oil painting.

false

Leonardo's Last Supper does not have many symbolic references.

false

T or F: All scholars are in agreement about the exact meaning of Jan Van Eyck's, Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife.

false

Donatello's St. Mark is an example of a

free-standing sculpture

etching

ground applied to a metal plate using an etching needle draw through the waxy ground to expose the metal plate acid bath removing the ground inking the plate wiping the plate printed in reverse

oil paint:

has a translucent property not think and gooey like people think, but actually required many layers

Giotto is so important because:

he was the artist who takes the biggest step away from the Medieval style of spiritual representation

coffers

in architecture is a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling or vault.

fluting

in architecture is the shallow grooves running vertically along a surface. The term typically refers to the grooves running on a column shaft or a pilaster

entablature

in architecture, assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by and located immediately above the columns

pediment

in architecture, triangular gable forming the end of the roof slope over a portico (the area, with a roof supported by columns, leading to the entrance of a building) or a similar form used decoratively over a doorway or window

basilica

in the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches, a canonical title of honour given to church buildings that are distinguished either by their antiquity or by their role as international centres of worship because of their association with a major saint, an important historical event, or, in the Orthodox Church, a national patriarch

secco fresco

is a wall painting technique where pigments mixed with an organic binder and/or lime are applied onto a dry plaster

triptych

is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections OR three panels hinged together that can be displayed open or closed

trompe l'oeil

is an art technique that uses realistic imagery to fool the eye of the viewer into thinking it looks 3D

buon (true) fresco

is pigment applied to wet plaster so that the pigment binds to the plaster and it basically becomes apart of the wall

iconography

is the pictorial representation of a subject, or the collected images (or icons) illustrating a subject — pictures, diagrams, etc.

lapis lazuli

known as "the most perfect color"

print making

made by pressure + ink 3 types of prints

Nonobjective or non-representational art has

no recognizable objects in it

the artists of the North were the first to exploit which medium?

oil

form is

one of the 8 elements of art refers to how the works style and techniques used and how the elements of design are implemented also refers to how piece of art takes shape physically or the element of shape a piece of art appears as

sfumato

painting technique of adding a smokey haziness

A _________________ refers to any image of the Virgin Mary holding the deceased adult Christ in her lap.

pieta

oil paint

pigments using the medium of dry oil as the binder

reliquary

referred to as a shrine... is a container for relics

A woodcut is an example of

relief process

___________________ refers to a smoky haze used to convey mysteriousness or distance; Leonardo da Vinci employed this technique in the Mona Lisa.

sfumato

tempietto

small Renaissance temple, often circular, e.g. Bramante's tempietto in the cloisters of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome marks the site of Christ's crucifixtion

symbolism

symbolic meaing attributed to natural objects or facts

Donatello's statue of David shows:

that the study of human anatomy was enormously important for Renaissance artists

register

the exact alignment of shapes or edges in various areas of any piece of work

Corinthian capital/Corinthian order

the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture is the most decorative of the orders this architectural style is characterized by slender fluted columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls

ignudi

the male nudes that are on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in all 4 corners of each scene

medium/media

the materials used to create a work of art

Ignudi refers to:

the nudes that are found on the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

orthogonals

the paralell lines leading to the same vanishing point

The patron is

the person paying for the work of art

horizon line

the physical/visual boundary where the sky separates from land or water

iconography

the pictorial representation of a subject or the collected images illustrating a subject (pictures, diagrams) OR it can mean the description of representational works of art.

vanishing point

the point at which lines appear to converge and disappear

iconography

the science of interpretation of symbols, themes, and subject matter in the visual arts also referred to as the artist's use of this imagery in their work

chiaroscuro

the treatment of light and shade in 2D art the strong contrast of light and dark

one reason the triptych format was used for altarpieces was because:

their doors could be closed or covered until the Mass was performed in front of them

sibyls

these ancient Pagan soothsayers who can forsee the future, and in Catholic tradition, tell the coming of Christ

the Medici family was known for its

tremendous patronage of the arts

Filippo Brunelleschi rediscovered linear perspective around 1420

true

Hans Holbein the Younger's, The Ambassadors,1533 includes an anamorphic image.

true

Masaccio applied the new method of mathematical perspective in the fresco The Holy Trinity.

true

T or F: Ambrogio Lorenzetti's, Allegory of Good Government, Effects of Good Government in the City and the Country, and Allegory and Effects of Bad Government in the City and the Country, Siena c. 1337-40 in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena were painted to remind the city officials to be good and just.

true

T or F: the Ghent Altarpiece is a polypych.

true

T or F: the frescoes in Arena Chapel utilize the technique called trompe l'oeil, or fool the eye.

true

figures that are elegant and ideally beautiful are a key characteristic of the High Renaissance.

true

Greek cross

ultimately a plus sign Greek-cross plan, church plan in the form of a Greek cross, with a square central mass and four arms of equal length. The Greek-cross plan was widely used in Byzantine architecture

symbolism

using symbols by expressing the intangible

relic

usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or holy figures relics are objects that connect modern worshippers to their past

Protestant Reformation

was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther

tempera paint

was very popular at the beginning of the Renaissance period until almost the end of the 1400's tempera pain is an egg based paint with ground up minerals that become powder, making pigment

patronage

when a king, pope, or someone wealthy would patron for work of art. which means they had to order it and pay for it

narrative cycle

when art tells a story, either as a moment in an ongoing story or as a sequence of events unfolding over time

woodcuts

woodcut is a relief process in which one must cut away the substance of the design to preserve the outlines a stamp

monumental

word used to describe large sculptures combining function and size