Art History 2 Test 2

What type of painting elevated the sitter by conveying refinement and elegance while clearly individualizing the sitter?

Grand Manner Portraiture

The destruction of images in German cities in the 1500s is known as the

Great Iconoclasm

As part of his training in art Annibale Carracci received instruction in the classical and Renaissance traditions as well as anatomy studies and life drawing. Which of the following styles would describe the style of Carracci?

a more classically ordered style

La Madeleine in Paris was intended for which of the following purposes?

a temple of glory for Napoleon's armies

The term "sublime" was considered to inspire which of the following feelings?

awe mixed with terror

Which of the following artists specialized in portraiture?

Hans Holbein

Vermeer was known to have used which of the following tools?

camera obscura

Which of the following conditions is characteristic of the 19th century agrarian working class and is missing from the Haywain by Constable?

civil unrest

Reflected in Poussin's Et in Arcadia Ego, the dominant style in France during the Baroque period was ____.

classicism

The Return from Cythera represents a group of lovers preparing to depart from the island of eternal youth. Watteau emphasized that elegance and grace using which of the following?

color

Julia Margaret Cameron used a short focal length lens that allowed only a small area of sharp focus. What kind of effect would a lens like this produce?

ethereal, dreamlike images

What is the name of the specific style of Rococo painting that depicted the outdoor amusements and entertainments of the upper classes?

fête galante

The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympianot only because of the portrayal of a naked prostitute as a work of art but also due to which of the following?

her look of cool indifference and shamelessness

The Age of Enlightenment had its roots in which of the following centuries?

seventeenth century

What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's French Ambassadors?

skull

In the Money Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist has given us an image of a professional man transacting business. Massys has provided insight into which of the following?

the secular life of the Netherlands

In Rosa Bonheur's most famous work, The Horse Fair, the dramatic lighting, loose brushwork, and rolling sky reveal her admiration for which of the following artists?

Géricault

Which of the following artists had firsthand knowledge and experience of the American Civil War?

Winslow Homer

Courbet preferred to paint which of the following themes?

realistic scenes as he saw them

In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix, the model for this image was the artist's wife, Elizabeth Siddal. She died shortly before Rossetti began the panting. He incorporated two symbols commemorating her death. Which of the following is one of those symbols?

red dove

In Pieter Aertsen's Meat Still-Life, the artist has created what appears to be a descriptive genre scene, a butcher's shop displaying its products, as well as fish and pretzels. This work also has embedded within it which of the following?

religious references

In Jan Steen's The Feast of St. Nicolas the artist has captured the joy and chaos of Christmas holidays. He has also added a subtle satirical jab at adult society by using children and their behaviors to mirror adult behaviors. Which of the following behaviors did Steen allude to in this painting?

selfishness

The Battle of Issus, which depicts the battle that took place between Alexander the Great and the Persians, was selected as a subject by Wilhelm IV because it reflected his endeavors to

stop Muslim expansion

Spain in the sixteenth century supported which of the following?

the Counter-Reformation

How did Georges de la Tour eliminate dogmatic significance and traditional iconographic meaning in his Adoration of the Shepherds?

the absence of halos

Géricault's Raft of the Medusa represents which of the following?

the aftermath of a nineteenth-century French shipwreck and was considered an attack on government ineptitude

François Rude's sculpture La Marseillaise for the Arc de Triomphe represents which of the following moments in French history?

the birth of individual freedoms in the country

How did historical fact replace the fanciful notions of Rome and its ancient society?

the discovery and excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii

Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?

American Civil War

The gallery ceiling in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome was arranged as framed easel paintings. Who was the artist?

Annibale Carracci

The creation of which of the following allowed merchant firms to hold money on account instead of carrying precious metals as a form of payment for trade goods?

Bank of Amsterdam

Caravaggio's Conversion of St. Paul presents the same dynamic emotion and dramatic religious fervor with the use of eloquent pictorial devices and stage lighting in much the same way as in which of the following works of art?

Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa

José de Ribera was most strongly influenced by the work of which of the following artists?

Caravaggio

Which of the following artists most influenced the work of Artemisia Gentileschi?

Caravaggio

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?

Caterina van Hemessen

Who said "Depart not from nature according to your fancy, imagining to find aught better by yourself?"

Dürer

Inigo Jones created a clear and dignified design for the Banqueting House at Whitehall. He superimposed two orders by using columns in the center and pilasters near the ends. The balustrade roofline has an uninterrupted horizontal sweep that predates which of the following structures?

East façade, Louvre

Hans Holbein, a master portraitist, combines realism with monumental composition and sculpturesque form. Which of the following traditions does this describe?

Flemish and Italian

Which of the following Renaissance churches influenced Maderno's design for Santa Su-sanna in Rome?

Il Gesù, Rome

In contrast to Catholic religious images Rembrandt's Return of the Prodigal Son can be said to be which of the following?

It is a painting of inward turning contemplation.

Which of the following characterizes Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece?

It is an exacting rendering of anguish

In Hunters in the Snow, the artist has captured the atmosphere of a cold winter's day. The landscape is snow-covered and stark with the returning hunters wearily trudging home. It is reminiscent of earlier renditions of seasons. Which of the following also described the seasons and might have been influential in the conception of this work?

Limbourg Brothers' Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

Which artist that did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?

Pieter Bruegel

In his painting, ____, Thomas Eakins portrayed things as he saw them and not as the public might want them portrayed.

The Gross Clinic

Which of the following represents a symbolic function of Bernini's Baldacchino?

The columns invoke the Early Christian past.

Bernini's statue of David differs from previous generations of this depiction. His David seems to be moving through time and space. Which of the following would support this description?

The pivoting motion of the figure implies the movement through space and time.

In Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, he has clustered the participants on the left side and has placed Dr. Tulp on the right side with the diagonally placed foreshortened corpse disrupting the strict horizontal, planar orientation. This is in sharp contrast to which of the following traditions of group portraiture?

The subjects were placed evenly across the canvas

A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?

Voltaire

In Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece, the artist has used specific references, saints and symbols to depict pain, suffering, and salvation and redemption. Which of the following symbols can be interpreted to mean the Son of God?

lamb

Who among the following artists liked to paint images of the Romantic transcendental landscape?

Friedrich

Which of the following influenced Paul V's decision to convert the central plan of Saint Peter's into a basilican plan through the addition of a nave?

Central plan buildings evoked pagan temples

The influences of Vitruvius, Palladio, and Inigo Jones are most apparent in which of the following?

Chiswick House

Which of the following artists painted in the United States?

Cole

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?

Council of Trent

Which of the following artists was most concerned with painting realistic scenes of poor and oppressed peoples?

Courbet

Which of the following works functions as an "altarpiece" for the new civic religion of inspiring the viewer with the martyr's dedication to service?

Death of Marat

The great "Romantic dialogue" about color and form was carried on in the famous contest between which of the following artists?

Delacroix and Ingres

Velásquez was the court painter for Philip IV. He accompanied the king to Fraga during the Aragonese campaign. While there he painted Philip's portrait, it is known as the Fraga Philip. Due to the dynastic inbreeding in the Hapsburg line, Philip inherited the Hapsburg jaw. How did Velásquez compensate for this "jaw" in the Fraga portrait?

He focused attention of the cloak and baldric worn by the king by making them shimmer.

How does Fra Andrea Pozzo create the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'Ignazio?

He illusionistically continued the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off.

Which of the following artists represented what was called the "sublime" in eighteenth-century art?

Henry Fuseli

Hardouin-Mansart's Church of the Invalides in Paris is reminiscent of which of the following styles?

Italian Baroque

The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?

Jacques-Louis David

Which of the following eighteenth-century philosophers stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings and was an important forerunner of the Romantic sensibility?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Vigée-Lebrun portrayed herself as a self-confident painter looking directly at the viewer (and pausing to return their gaze) this has been copied from an earlier artist. Which of the following is that artist?

Judith Leyster

Sargent, an expatriate American artist living and working in London, developed a style of applying paint in thin layers in order to create a quick and lively illusion. He learned this technique after studying which of the following works?

Las Meninas

The miniature portrait of Elizabeth I, shows an elegant, formally attired young Elizabeth presented as a princess. Who is the artist who created this memorable portrait?

Levina Teerlinc

In Allegory of Law and Grace, the artist has depicted the differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the followers of Martin Luther. The artist who created this woodcut was dubbed with the title, "painter of the Reformation." Who is the artist?

Lucas Cranach the Elder

Rubens has synthesized the styles of three Italian artists in his Elevation of the Cross. Which of the following are those three artists?

Michelangelo, Tintoretto, and Caravaggio

The mood in The Thankful Poor by Tanner is one of quiet devotion, not far removed from the Realism of which of the following artists?

Millet

Neoclassicism invoked classical references of patriotism and trust in unshakable authority serving imperial agendas. Which of the following leaders embraced these aspects of Neoclassicism?

Napoleon

Which of the following architects were the most influential in Thomas Jefferson's re-design of Monticello?

Palladio and Robert Adam

Which of the following artists was most closely associated with the style known as classical Baroque?

Poussin

Poussin was fascinated by ancient Rome and Italian Renaissance cultures. In his Et in Arcadia Ego that fascination has been translated into a visual text illustrating rational order and classicism. It is reminiscent of which of the following artists?

Raphael

Who was the artist who portrayed contemporaries participating in the great events of the latter half of the eighteenth century?

Reynolds

Which city has been generally credited with the birth of the Baroque style?

Rome

At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which taught that color was the most important element?

Rubenistes

Which of the following works by Bernini illustrates his mastery of perspective in architecture?

Scala Regia

In Judith Leyster's Self-Portrait she portrays herself as a confident, accomplished painter, seated in front of her easel working yet taking time to stop work and meet the viewer's eye. Unlike Rembrandt she does not portray herself in a painter's smock. Which of the following would account for this?

She wanted to indicate her social prominence.

Wren synthesized the design elements from the Italians, French, and Inigo Jones into a unified monumentality for which of the following churches?

St. Paul's, London

Who studied with Eakins before moving to Paris?

Tanner

The duke of Bavaria, Wilhelm IV, engaged the invading Turks in a battle for supremacy. Which of the following works of art would be the most likely commission of Wilhelm IV?

The Battle of Issus

How did Bouguereau depict fictional themes or mythological subjects in his paintings?

Through the use of polished illusionism

Why is Saint Anthony prominently featured in the Isenheim Altarpiece?

his association with diseases and miraculous cures

One of the distinctive qualities of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, is

its similarity to Greek temple design

What did Thomas Eakins believe was a prerequisite for his art?

knowledge

In his diary Albrecht Dürer described Joachim Patinir as a good

landscape artist

Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in which of the following genres?

landscapes

The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. Which of the following styles would most appeal to this king and his court?

mannerism

Muybridge used his device, the zoopraxiscope to project a series of images. Based on the motion studies he performed, Muybridge proved that the brain holds whatever the eye sees for a fraction of a second after the eye stops seeing it. The illusion of motion was created. Which of the following was also created as a result of the illusion of motion?

the illusion of continuous change

Courbet used which of the following techniques in the The Stonebreakers to convey the drudgery of manual labor?

use of a palette of dirty browns and grays