Art History Chapters 14-16 Review

What artwork(s) were commissioned by the Sienese government for the Palazzo Pubblico?

Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes

Who is usually credited for developing linear perspective?

Brunelleschi

Who was one of the first artists to break away from the Italo-Byzantine tradition?

Cimabue

List some differences between Cimabue vs. Giotto's versions of "Madonna Enthroned".

Cimabue - Angels are stacked Giotto - Art style breaks away from the medieval - Angels stand on common ground, around the throne

What element of art did the Venetian's focus on in their art?

Color

What portraits of individuals contained religious scenes and became very popular in the 15th century?

Donor portraits

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early 15th century?

Florence

Who won the famous competition of the bronze doors of the Florence baptistry?

Ghiberti

What artist embraced ideas of Humanism in his painting?

Giotto

Who is the father of Western Pictorial Art?

Giotto

Who sought to reconcile the illusion of a weighty three-dimensional body and the illusion of space to contain it?

Giotto

What artwork marked the end of medieval painting in Italy?

Giotto's "Madonna Enthroned"

Nanni di Banco achieved a unified spatial composition by placing the figures in what way?

In a semi-circle and in relation to one another

Who created the first known Western portrait where the sitter looks directly at the viewer?

Jan van Eyck

What element of art did the Florentine's focus on in their art?

Line

What medium allowed artists to achieve richer colors than previously possible?

Oil paints

What is one of the first examples of a pure landscape in Western Art since antiquity?

Peaceful Country by Ambrogio Lorenzetti

What is an element of Giotto's new art style that appear in his version of "Madonna Enthroned"?

Statuesque figures that cast shadows

Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to fidelity?

The Dog

Who were the most powerful northern European rulers during much of the 15th century?

The Dukes of Burgundy

Which family is often synonymous with the Renaissance as one of the movements greatest art patrons?

The Medici Family

Nanni di Banco's "The Four Crowned Martyrs" was commissioned by:

The Stone Mason's Guild

What is humanism?

The emphasis of on the influence of the humanities on cultures such as literature, philosophy and fine arts.

In Nanni Di Banco's "Four Crowned Saints", what feature within the artwork made it stand out?

The figures are depicted with realistic conversational expressions

Petrus Christus made "A Goldsmith in His Shop", for who?

The goldsmith's guild

What was the significance of Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes held in the Palazzo Pubblico?

They addressed the Civic concerns of the Sienese

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the "Tribute Money"?

Through modeling with a specific light source outside of the picture

Why does Cimabue use gold embellishments common to Byzantine art?

To enhance the three-dimensionality of the Virgin's robe

True or False: "Religion was an integral part of Flemish life and it was almost impossible to separate the secular from the sacred."

True

True or False: Donatello embraced the contrapposto pose when he sculptured Saint Mark.

True

True or False: Donatello looked back to ancient Greek and Roman sculpture when he developed the sculpture of David.

True

How does Donatello depict David?

Young, adolescent

A great achievement of the "Les Tres Riches Heures" was that it made manuscripts more closely resemble:

panel paintings

Robert Campin's "The Merode Altarpiece", now known as "The Annunciation of the Virgin", was a:

private commission

"Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife" by Jan van Eyck was an early example of:

secular portraiture