Art History Exam 1

the personal, social, cultural, and historical setting in which a work of art was created, received, and interpreted.

Context

a very large stone.

Megalith

Those elements of a work of art, such as line, shape, color, and texture, that artists manipulate to achieve desired effects.

Plastic elements

The actual or apparent spot from which a viewer observes an object or picture.

Vantage point

Balance in which the elements in the top and bottom of the composition are in balance.

Vertical balance

That segment of the spectrum of electromagnetic energy that excites the eyes and produces visual sensations.

Visible light

The unity in a work of art as created by use of visual elements. Contrast with conceptual unity.

Visual unity

The mass or bulk of a three-dimensional work; the amount of space such a work contains.

Volume

Colors—reds, oranges, and yellows—that appear to be warm and to advance toward the viewer. Contrast with cool colors.

Warm colors

Abstract A lotus flower in a Buddhist painting A couple kissing Pervasiveness of the Internet A painting in an oval frame

A. Content B. Form C. Style D. Iconography E. Context

descriptive of art in which the forms of the visual world are purposefully simplified, fragmented, are otherwise distorted.

Abstract

A style of painting and sculpture of the 1950's and 1960's in which artists expressionistically distorted abstract images with loose, gestural brushwork. Also see expressionistic.

Abstract Expressionism

The path made by a moving point; a connected and continuous series of points. Contrast with implied line.

Actual line

concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. (adjective): a set of principles underlying and guiding the work of a particular artist or artistic movement.

Aesthetic

the branch of psychology concerned with the feelings aroused in us sensory experiences; such as, seeing and hearing. Aesthetics examines, among other things, the nature of art and the nature of beauty.

Aesthetics

Which of the following was designed as a place of worship or meditation? A. Sainte-Chapelle B. Great Mosque at Córdoba C. The Buddhas in Bamiyan, Afghanista D. All of these

All of these

Lines are used in art to indicate: A. Boundaries between forms. B. Direction and motion. C. Shadows and highlights. D. Spatial depth on flat surfaces. E. All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct

What was an important part of an artist's path in past eras? A. Gallery sponsorship B. Outsider status C. Apprenticeships D. Auction sales

Apprenticeships

The distribution of the weight, mass, or other elements of a work of art so as to achieve harmony.

Balance

Mirror-type similarity between the sides of a composition. Also termed "pure" or "formal" symmetry.

Bilateral symmetry

Having the form of a living organism.

Biomorphic

The relative degree of intensity in the rendering of nearby and distant objects, used to create an illusion of depth in a two-dimensional work.

Brightness gradient

All that which is contained within a work of art--the visual elements, the subject matter, and its underlying meaning or themes.

Content

An artistic technique in which subtle gradations of value create the illusion of rounded three-dimensional forms in space; also termed modeling (from Italian for "light-dark").

Chiaroscuro

_______________ is the act of organizing the visual elements to affect the desired aesthetic in a work of art. A. Composition B. Content C. Style D. Form

Compisition

The organization of the visual elements in a work of art.

Composition

Unity in a work that is achieved through the relationship between the meaning and function of the images.

Conceptual unity

Consisting of a curved line or lines.

Curvilinear

The combination of the visual elements of art according to such principles as balance and unity.

Design

The type of balance in which the elements on either side of a diagonally divided pictorial space seem to be about equal in weight, number, or emphasis.

Diagonal balance

A design principle that focuses the viewer's attention on one or more parts of a composition by accentuating certain shapes, intensifying value or color, featuring directional lines, or strategically placing the objects and images.

Emphasis

Unification of all elements in a composition.

Extreme unity

A shift in a viewer's perception of a composition in which what at one moment appears to be the figure becomes the ground (or background), and vice versa.

Figure - ground reversal

A specific part of a work of art that seizes and holds the viewer's interest.

Focal point

__________________ is when linear perspective is applied to human or animal forms or to objects receding into depth, the result is called foreshortening. Literally the body, or part of it, is shortened from its normal vertical height to better convey the appearance of figures that are perpendicular to the picture plane. A. relative size B. overlapping C. atmospheric perspective D. foreshortening

Foreshortening

The physical appearance of a work of art--its materials, style, and composition.

Form

The totality of what the viewer sees in a work of art; a product of the composition of visual elements.

Form

_______________ is the physical appearance of a work-its materials, style, and composition-the product of the composition of the visual elements. A. Composition B. Content C. Style D. Form

Form

Analyze the principles of design used by the architect Francesco Borromini used in both the interior and exterior of the Baroque church San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. Which is not an example of how the architect used the principles of design? A. The facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane is symmetrical, the design elements on both sides even and the same. B. Francesco Borromini used rhythm in the floor plans alternating projecting and receding elements punctuated by columns attached to the wall. This rhythm defines each part of the church's interior from the the entryway to the side and main alters. C. The façade uses rhythmic distinction of visual unites in how the edges and the central sections of the façade come forward and the areas in between recede away from the street. Also, we see undulating motion in the rhythm on the façade's repetition of the columns separated by niches. This dramatic effect was admired in 17th Western civilization as rhythm and movement became part of Western architecture. D. Francesco Borromini structure is static rhythm, which comes partially from the even repetition of same-sized shapes.

Francesco Borromini structure is static rhythm, which comes partially from the even repetition of same-sized shapes.

In ________________________ let his imagination and perhaps his dream imagery go where ever it might. He drew upon many sources for his creations, including local art, literature, astrology, and religious writings, but only his inventiveness could have constructed an amazing fantasy land like this one. A. Garden of Earthly Delights, Hieronymus Bosch B. The Dream, Henri Rousseau C. Guernica, Pablo Picasso D. A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai), Jeff Wall

Garden of Earthly Delights, Hieronymus Bosch

A shape that is regular, easy to measure, and easy to describe, as distinguished from organic or biomorphic shape, which is irregular, difficult to measure, and difficult to describe.

Geometric shape

A rectangle based on the golden mean and constructed so that its width is 1.618 times its height.

Golden Rectangle

The principle that a small part of a work should relate to a larger part of the work in proportion to the manner in which the larger part relates to the whole.

Golden mean

Developed in ancient Greece, a mathematical formula for determining the proportional relationship of the parts of a work to the whole.

Golden section

A movement dating from the 1960's in which subjects are rendered with hard, photographic precision.

Photorealism

Fine parallel lines drawn or engraved to represent shading.

Hatching

The use of relative size to indicate the comparative importance of the depicted objects or people.

Hierarchical scaling

In the historical study told in his work of art, Christian Boltanski draws upon the _______ to create his work _______. A. Holocaust; Altar to the Chases High School B. French Revolution; Liberty Leading the People C. history of slavery; Talking Skull D. Spanish Civil War; Guernica

Holocaust; Altar to the Chases High School

Balance in which the elements on the left and right sides of the composition seem to be about equal in number or visual emphasis.

Horizontal balance

The distinctive characteristics of a color that enable us to label it (as blue or green, for example) and to assign it a place in the visible spectrum.

Hue color

in the visual arts and art history is the study of the themes and the significance attached to symbols that can help identify subject matter and place a work fo art in its historical context.

Iconography

A characteristic of works of art in which the areas of the composition are unequal in actual weight or pictorial weight.

Imbalance

Application of a medium such as oil or acrylic paint so that an actual texture is built up on a surface.

Impasto

A line that is completed by the viewer; a discontinuous line that the viewer perceives as being continuous; a line suggested by series of points or dots or by the nearby end-points of series of lines; or a line evoked by the movements and glances of the figures in a composition. Contrast with actual line.

Implied line

Illustration and decoration of a manuscript with pictures or designs.

illumination

The segment of the spectrum of electromagnetic energy that stimulates the eyes and produces visual sensations.

Light

During the ________ the term "art" was used roughly in the same sense as "craft.". A. Renaissance B. Baroque era C. Middle Ages D. 19th century

Middle Ages

What common feature of today's art world was absent from that of the Renaissance? A. Museums B. Commissions C. Patrons D. Studios

Museums

The distribution of the apparent or visual weight of elements in two-dimensional works of art. Contrast with actual balance.

Pictorial balance

A style of art dating from the 1960's that creates the illusion of vibrations through afterimages, disorienting perspective, and the juxtaposition of contrasting colors. Also called "optical art" or "optical painting."

Op art

The perception of the color of an object, which may vary markedly according to atmospheric conditions. Contrast with local color.

Optical color

A shape characteristic of living things and thus appearing soft, curvilinear, and irregular. Contrast with geometric shape.

Organic shape

A transparent, polygonal body that breaks down white light into the colors of the visible spectrum.

Prism

The relationship in size of the parts of the body, a building, or objects within a composition.

Proportion

A connection between two points in a composition created by the action in a work, such as a figure pointing to an object or looking at another figure. Also referred to as a compositional line.

Psycological line

in a work of art is what the artist hoped to achieve.

Purpose

Balance in which the design elements radiate from a center point.

Radial balance

Characterized by straight lines.

Rectilinear

Birth, death, the decisions we must weigh on our journey through life, the temptations of vanity, the problems of self knowledge, the question of life after death all these issues are gently touched on in this most understated of Woman Holding a Balance by Johannes Vermeer According to the book this work represents what theme of art? A. Stories and Histories B. Reflecting the Human Experience C. Historical, Social, and Political Content D. Looking Outward: The Here and Now

Reflecting the Human Experience

The systematic repetition of the visual elements in a work to create rhythm.

Regular repetition

The size of an object or figure in relation to other objects or figures or the setting. See scale.

Relative size

The orderly repetition or progression of the visual elements in a work of art.

Rhythm

The degree of purity of hue measured by its intensity or brightness.

Saturation

The relative size of an object compared to other objects, the setting, or people.

Scale

A color that is derived from mixing pigments of primary colors in equal amounts. The secondary colors are orange (obtained by mixing red and yellow), violet (red and blue), and green (blue and yellow).

Secondary color

focusing on the visual information we need for the task at hand and relegating everything else to the background.

Selective perception

The degree of darkness of a color determined by the extent of its mixture with black.

Shade

An area within a composition that has boundaries that separate it from its surroundings.

Shape

Drawing or painting small dots or dabs to create shading or a dappled effect.

Stippling

A system in which pigments are mixed, producing a color that is weaker, or reflects less light. Combining colors in paint (rather than light) produces gray or black.

Subtractive color

Texture that is chosen or created by artists to foil or undermine our ideas about the objects that they depict.

Subversive texture

A twentieth-century art style whose imagery is believed to stem from unconscious, irrational sources and that therefore takes on fantastic forms. Although the imagery is fantastic, it is often rendered with extraordinary realism.

Surrealism

What type of balance gives Pablo Picasso's Girl Before a Mirror meaning, using variety carefully to depict the subject's conscious and unconscious sides? ________________________. A. Hierarchical scale B. Conceptual C. Canon of the portions D. Symmetrical

Symmetrical

Balance in which imagery on one side of a composition is on the other side. Symmetrical balance can be pure, or it can be approximate, in which case the whole of the work has a symmetrical feeling but with slight variations that provide more visual interest than would a mirror image. Contrast with asymmetrical balance.

Symmetrical balance

Similarity of form or arrangement on both sides of a dividing line.

Symmetry

Colors derived from mixing pigments or primary colors and the secondary colors that adjoin them on the color wheel.

Tertiary colors

The surface character of materials as experienced by the sense of touch.

Texture

The relative roughness of nearby and distant objects in two-dimensional media; nearby objects are usually rendered with more detailed and rougher surfaces than distant objects.

Texture gradient

12. The Oxbow by Thomas Cole depicts a view of natural scenery in stylistic grandeur. Figures were represented but were a secondary subject emphasis. According to the book what theme of art does this fall under? A. Stories and Histories B. Art and Art C. Invention and Fantasy D. The Natural World

The Natural World

Which statement is NOT true regarding James Hampton's Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly body of work? A. The complete body of work resides now in the Smithsonian. B. The artist was unknown until his death. C. The work realized a spiritual vision. D. The artist's art was outside of the realm of professional training. E. The artist intended the work to be viewed by everyone as a message of redemption.

The artist intended the work to be viewed by everyone as a message of redemption

What quality of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa dazzled his contemporaries? A. Da Vinci's use of varnish B. Its designation as a ready-made C. The miraculous lifelike portrait D. None of these answers are correct.

The miraculous lifelike portrait

The function of artists to give tangible form to the unknown is evident in the 10th-century sculpture Shiva Nataraja through images that represent the following concepts EXCEPT: A. the sculpture is a summoning of creation B. the sculpture reports a story about a Hindu dancer C. the sculpture represents destruction and rebirth of the universe D. the sculpture offers refuge and relates to a message of "fear not" E. the sculpture is a representation of the complexity of the cosmic moment

The sculpture reports a story about Hindu dancer

The lightness of a color as determined by the extent of its mixture with white.

Tint

What is the focal point in Woman Leaning Near a Vase of Flowers and why. A. There is not focal point because there is not a point of emphasis. B. The vase of flowers due to power of shape and texture. C. The vase of flowers due to central position, brilliant color, and dominant texture. D. The woman because a viewer's gaze is always drawn toward the sight of a human face.

The woman because a viewer's gaze is always drawn toward the sight of a human face

A central idea in a piece of writing or other work of art.

Theme

________ are broad areas of meaning that have been reflected in the arts of many cultures. A. Assemblages B. Forms C. Narratives D. Themes

Themes

Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned and Rathnasambhava, the Transcendent Buddha of the South are similar in all these ways EXCEPT: A. they both include symbolic hand gestures B. they were made in the same century C. their compositional structure is similar D. they share a common theme of the sacred E. they share the same iconography

They share the same iconography

The oneness or wholeness of a work of art.

Unity

The lightness or darkness of a color.

Value

The degrees of difference between shades of gray.

Value contrast

In linear perspective, a point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge.

Vanishing point

is Latin for vanity. If it moves to the Biblical book of Ecclesiastes, a meditation on the fleeting nature of earthly life, and happiness in which we read that in the end, "all is vanity".

Vanita

The ancient Egyptians developed a standard set of proportions used to create images of the "correct" or "perfect" human, as has many cultures both ancient and modern. This set of portions was created using ______________________. A. the golden mean B. hierarchical scale C. the golden section D. a square gride

a square grid

According to the author _________________. A. it doesn't make sense to compare art from different cultures B. you can only compare work with the same theme and the same style of art C. a work of art may fall into more than one theme D. all of these are correct

a work of art may fall into more than one theme.

Seated Woman Holding a Fan is _______________. Picasso used the appearances of the world only as a starting point. He selected certain aspects of what he saw, then simplified or exaggerated them to make his painting. In this instance, Picasso took his cue from the fan. A. realism B. representational art C. Expressionism D. abstract art

abstract art

Equal distribution of weight. Contrast with pictorial balance.

actual balance

A Bronze sculpture occupies three-dimensional space and has measurable volume and weight. So it has ________________ . A. implied mass B. actual mass C. implies shape D. actual shape

actual mass

The physical mass of an object as determined by its weight. Contrast with implied mass.

actual mass

the passage of a body or an object from one place to another. Contrast with implied motion.

actual motion

The texture of an object or picture, as determined by the sense of touch. Contrast with visual texture.

actual texture

A system of mixing or overlapping different wavelengths of light, projected from different sources, to produce sensations of color and white light. Contrast with subtractive color system.

additive color system

The lingering impression from a stimulus that has been removed. The afterimage of a color is its complement. Also see complementary color.

afterimage

According to the author, the impulse to create art comes from basic human interests in _________________________________. A. constructing images and forms that carry meaning B. exploring aesthetic possibilities C. creating order and structure D. all of these

all of these

The Vanishing point in Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper is _________________. A. on the horizon line B. at the exact center of the picture. C. just behind the head of the figure of Jesus. D. all of these: on the horizon line, at the exact center of the picture, and just behind the head of the figure of Jesus.

all of these

Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson creates emphasis through: A. size and placement of the figures B. directional lines of sight leading to the focal point C. elimination of detail and bright colors in the background. D. contrasting values of dark skin against the pale background. E. all of these answers are correct.

all of these answers are correct

The sculptor Constantin Brancusi spent his life searching for forms that were _________________. A. pure B. timeless C. simple D. all of these simple, pure, and timeless

all of these: simple, pure, and timeless.

Without clear shape or form.

amorphous

In the work, The Site by Diana Cooper with its yellow, yellow-orange and orange family of colors; which type of color scheme dominates this work? A. value contrast B. achromatic C. complementary D. analogous

analogous

that lie next to one another on the color wheel and share qualities of hue as a result of the mixture of adjacent hues; harmonious hues.

analogous colors

Balance in which the right and left sides of a composition contain different shapes, colors, textures, or other elements and yet are arranged or "weighted" so that the overall impression is one of balance. Contrast with symmetrical balance.

asymmetrical balance

By positioning the dark, dense image of death next to the billowing, light form representing life, Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life demonstrates artistic use of _____________________. A. symmetrical balance B. asymmetrical balance C. bilateral symmetry D. radial balance

asymmetrical balance

An illusion of depth created through grades of texture and brightness, color saturation, and warm and cool colors. An indistinct or hazy effect produced by distance and the illusion of distance in visual art (the term derives from recognition that the atmosphere between the viewer and the distant objects would cause the effect).

atmospheric perspective

Thomas Cole uses _______________________ a convention to give the illusion in depth in which he methodically changes the definition of the shapes in the distance so they are less sharply defined. He also modifies the color, value contrast, and texture of images to be view as if they were in the distance, so they are also less defined. A. relative size B. overlapping C. atmospheric perspective D. linear perspective

atmospheric perspective

Which of these is an example of primary colors?

blue, yellow, red

A set of rules (or formula) governing what are considered to be the perfect proportions of the human body or correct proportions in architecture.

canon of proportions

Leonardo da Vinci used _______________ the technique of gradual shifting from light to dark through a successive gradation of tone across a curved surface in the work. A. chiaroscuro B. value contrast C. hue D. value

chiaroscuro

Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty is an example a(n) _____________. A. earthwork B. pyramid C. triptych D. assemblage

earthwork

The ancient Roman architect Vitruvius associated the perfected male form with the perfect geometry of what shapes? A. Square and rectangle B. Triangle and circle C. Rectangle and triangle D. Circle and square

circle and square

In the work of art, Untitled by Keith Haring prominently features the two colors red and green; which type of color scheme dominates this work? A. value contrast B. achromatic C. complementary D. analogous

complementary

One of a specific pair of colors (e.g., red and green) that most enhance, or exaggerate, one another by virtue of their simultaneous contrast. Each pair of complementary colors contains one primary color plus the secondary color made by mixing the other two primaries. Because the complements do not share characteristics of hue and are as unlike as possible, the eye readily tells them apart. When complementary colors are placed next to one another, the effects are often jarring.

complementary color

The work of art Mes Voeux (my wishes) by Annette Messager is an assemblage of frames. The repeating shapes and restricted color give as visually unity but the images and text demands our interpretation and consideration, giving us __________________________. A. variety B. extreme unity C. visual unity D. conceptual unity

conceptual unity

There are three levels of ____________ subject matter, elements and composition, and underlying or symbolic meaning or themes. A. Composition B. Content C. Style D. Form

content

_______________ the personal, social, cultural, and historical setting in which a work of art was created, received, and interpreted. A. form B. context C. style D. iconography

context

A perceived line that marks the edge of a figure as it curves back into space.

contour line

A color such as a blue, green, or violet that appears to be cool in temperature and tends to recede spatially behind warm colors.

cool color

Intersecting sets of parallel lines used to shade a drawing.

cross - hatching

The subject matter of Edward Hopper's Gas _________________ like the model depicting the counting of livestock, from the tomb of Meketre in Egypt. . A. Is framed in scenes of the natural world B. Is based in fantasy C. Is it dressed with color photography D. Depicts aspects of everyday life

depicts aspects of everyday life

As Iconoclasm means the ________ of images based on religious belief. A. creation B. worship C. destruction D. contemplation

destruction

The list of traits that creative people seem to possess, given in this chapter, includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. analytical skill B. originality C. playfulness D. efficiency E. risk takers

efficiency

The relationship between the primary subject (figure) and other parts of the composition (ground or background).

figure - ground relationship

______________ is an area of emphasis within a work of art. A. Design B. Figure C. Focal point D. Visual weight

focal point

Which of these is an example of cool colors?

green, blue, periwinkle blue

King Narmer is shown in commanding position, larger than the surrounding figures, this use of relative size to indicate the importance of the figure of King Narmer is know as _____________. A. scale B. proportion C. distortion of scale D. hierarchical scale

hierarchical scale

In linear perspective, the imaginary line (frequently, where the earth seems to meet the sky) along which converging lines meet. Also see vanishing point.

horizon

_________________ in the visual arts and art history is the study of the themes and the significance attached to symbols that can help identify subject matter and place a work of art in its historical context. A. form B. content C. style D. iconography

iconography

In The Creation of Adam Michelangelo uses the glances of the figures in the composition to direct the eyes of the viewer to the hands of God and Adam, and the action of God reaching out to spark spiritual life into Adam, the focal point. The direction the figures in a given composition are looking is one of the most powerful kinds of ________________. A. visual element B. actual line C. implied line D. motion

implied line

The apparent mass of a depicted object as determined, for example, by the use of forms or fields of color. Contrast with actual mass.

implied mass

An impression of movement created by the use of visual elements, composition, or content. Contrast with actual motion.

implied motion

An impression of time's passage through the depiction of events that occur over a period of time.

implied time

Kara Walker's A Subtlety is an example of a(n) ______. A. trompe l'oeil B. sculpture C. style D. installation

installation

an art form in which an entire room or similar space is treated as a work of art to be entered an experienced. More broadly, the placing of a work of art in a specific location, usually for a limited time.

installation

The Siege of Belgrade from the manuscript of Sulaymannama employs a system of perspective to represent spatial depth in which distant forms are made to seem smaller, but parallel lines that do not converge. The system is called ______________. A. isometric perspective B. overlapping C. atmospheric perspective D. linear perspective

isometric perspective

Art that moves, such as a mobile.

kinetic art

No society that we know of has lived without some form of art. The impulse to make and respond to art appears to be as deeply ingrained, as the ability to ______________________. A. seek shelter B. learn language C. gather food D. reproduce

learn language

_____________ refers to size relationships between parts of a whole, or between two or more items perceived as a unit. A. Rhythm B. Proportion C. Scale D. Emphasis

proportion

The artist used _____________ to create the illusion of depth. The face seems to have continually varying contours and to be fully rounder in spatial volume. When the hatching and cross-hatching of the parallel lines are close together they create a darker value and recede and areas without lines create highlights. A. texture; textures B. value; values C. volume; mass D. line; lines

line

The vocabulary of art includes ________________________________; these are the visual or plastic elements. A. line, mass, shape, light, value, color, texture, space, motion, and time B. line, mass, light, value, hue, texture, space, and motion C. line, shape, light, value, color, texture, space, time, and motion D. line, shape, mass, light, value, color, texture, pattern, space, time and motion

line, shape, mass, light, value, color, texture, pattern, space, time, and motion

A system of organizing space in two-dimensional works of art in which lines that are, in reality, parallel and horizontal are represented as converging diagonals. The method is based on foreshortening, in which the space between the lines grows smaller until it disappears, just as objects appear to grow smaller as they become more distant.

linear perspective

The fresco The School of Athens uses ____________________ a system for depicting the depth, in which parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point. Forms get smaller in proportion to the receding lines. A. isometric perspective B. overlapping C. atmospheric perspective D. linear perspective

linear perspective

The hue of an object created by the colors its surface reflects under normal lighting conditions (contrast with optical color). Color that is natural rather than symbolic for the depicted objects.

local color

Which of these is a shade of red?

maroon

In painting, a large area of one form or color; in three-dimensional art, the bulk of an object. Also see implied mass and actual mass.

mass

Extent, dimensions, or capacity as determined by a standard.

measure

A type of kinetic sculpture that moves in response to air currents.

mobile

In two-dimensional works of art, the creation of the illusion of depth through the use of light and shade (chiaroscuro). In sculpture, the process of shaping a pliable material, such as clay or wax, into a three-dimensional form.

modeling

During the 20th century, which of the following became a recognized element of art? A. Motion B. Texture C. Color D. Line

motion

First Communion is ____________________. Picasso set out to represent in such a way that it is very faithful to visual experience, recording how forms are revealed by light and shadow, how bodies reflect an inner structure of bone and muscle, how fabric drapes over bodies and objects, and how gravity makes weight felt. A. stylized B. naturalistic C. Expressionism D. abstract art

naturalistic

descriptive of an approach to the portraying the visible world that emphasizes the objective observation and accurate imitation of appearances. Naturalistic art closely resembles the forms it portrays. Naturalism and realism are often used interchangeably, and both words have complicated histories. In this text, naturalism is construed as a broader approach, permitting a degree of idealization and embracing a stylistic range across cultures. Realism suggest a more focused, almost clinical attention to detail that refuses to prettify harsh or unflattering matters.

naturalistic

Space that is empty or filled with imagery that is secondary to the main objects or figures depicted in the composition. Contrast with positive shape.

negative shape

In Electric Prisms,Sonia Delaunay realized symphonic compositions of pure color arranged in a loose geometry of arcs and grids. Electric Prisms is a _________________ work of art and contains no references to the visible world. A. realism B. naturalistic C. nonobjective D. abstract

nonobjective

descriptive of art that does not represents are otherwise refer to the visual world outside itself. Synonymous with nonrepresentational.

nonrepresentational/nonobjective

Linear perspective in which a single vanishing point is placed on the horizon.

one - point perspective

Which of these is an example of secondary colors?

orange, green, violet

Drawing a person in a naturalist way would call for the use of soft curvilinear lines and would create ______________, but to make a drawing of an office buildings would require and artist to use _______________ that are regular, easy to measure, and easy to describe. A. geometric shapes; amorphous shapes B. organic shapes; actual shapes C. amorphous shapes; geometric shapes D. organic shapes; geometric shapes

organic shapes; geometric shapes

In drawing, the outer boundaries of two-dimensional forms are defined by ________, while the outer boundaries perceived among three-dimensional forms are defined by ________. A. Visual elements; Principles of design B. thick lines; thin lines C. actual lines; implied lines D. outlines; contour lines

outlines; contour lines

The 18th century Indian painting of Maharana Amar Singh and others watching musicians and acrobats utilizes the two most basic of visual clues for applying depth on a flat surface. They are ____________________________________ A. overlapping and position B. vanishing point and value C. atmospheric perspective and chiaroscuros D. foreshortening and linear perspective

overlapping and position

During the Renaissance in Western Europe, ________ came to be regarded as the more elevated of the arts. A. painting, sculpture, and architecture B. ceramics, weaving, and mosaic C. cabinetry, architecture, and calligraphy D. calligraphy, mosaic, and metal forging

painting, sculpture, and architecture

Jeff Wall's A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai) is a ________ that refers to a ________ A. sculpture; photograph B. film; environmental devastation C. film; concentration camp D. photograph; print

photograph; print

The front surface of the two-dimensional work is known as the ____________________. Artist must arrange the elements of art in such a way as to portray depth in their work. A. space B. pattern C. picture plane D. perspective

picture plane

Which of these is a tint of red?

pink

The spatial form defined by the objects or figures represented in works of art. Contrast with negative shape.

positive shape

A hue—red, blue, or yellow—that is not obtained by mixing other hues; all other colors are derived from primary colors.

primary color

The Mandala of Jnanadakini shows what kind of balance? A. symmetrical B. asymmetrical C. bilateral D. radial balance.

radial balance

What aspect forms the basis for rhythm in art? A. Scale B. A directional line of sight C. Repetition D. Proportion

repetition

What is a necessary feature of pattern? A. Texture B. Color C. Repetition D. Implied texture

repetition

descriptive of a work of art that depicts forms in the natural world.

representational

A rectangle whose length is 2.236 (the square root of 5) times its width that can be constructed by rotating the diagonal of a half square left and right.

root five rectangle

Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen created shock value through use of _______________. A. scale B. proportion C. rhythm D. symmetry

scale

___________________; focusing on the visual information we need for the task at hand and relegating everything else to the background. A. Vanitas B. Aesthetics C. Analytical skill D. Selective perception

selective perception

Artist Frida Kahlo is well-known for her ________________. A. photography B. graphic design C. self portraits D. performance art

self portraits

Scale is defined as: A. color's relation to value. B. the size in relation to a standard or "normal" size. C. the size relation of parts to the whole. D. the interplay of all of these: the color's relation to value, the size relation of one object to another, and the size relation of parts to the whole. E. None of these answers are correct.

size in relation to a standard or "normal" size

in photography, an image that captures action in midmovement by exposing the film very briefly.

stopped time

__________________ is a characteristic, are a number of characteristics, that we can identify as constant, reoccurring, or coherent. In art, the sum of such characteristics associated with a particular artist, group, or culture, or with an artist's work a specific time. A. Composition B. Content C. Style D. Form

style

a characteristic, are a number of characteristics, that we can identify as constant, reoccurring, or coherent. In art, the sum of such characteristics associated with a particular artist, group, or culture, or with an artist's work a specific time.

style

The images of the clouds in this bowl have been ______________, defined by lines that spiral inward like a snail shell or a scroll. That is to say they have been standardized. A. trompe l'oeil B. stylized C. Expressionism D. iconography

stylized

descriptive of a representational art in which methods for depicting forms have become standardized, ache and the speed repeated without further observation of the real-world model.

stylized

In representational or abstract art, the objects or events depicted.

subject matter

What design principle is exemplified in Haruka Kojin's reflectwo? A. radial balance with a bi-axis. B. asymmetrical balance with a horizontal central axis. C. symmetrical balance with a vertical central axis. D. symmetrical balance with a horizontal central axis.

symmetrical balance with a central axis

Which of the following are not among the principles of design? A. unity and variety B. emphasis and subordination C. balance and rhythm D. texture and color

texture and color

Pablo Picasso's Guernica was a protest against. A. the atomic bomb B. environmental devastation C. concentration camps D. the bombing of a civilian population

the bombing of a civilian population

In Executions of the Third of May, Francisco de Goya which of these is not an example of how Goya created emphasis? A. the emphasis is on the man dressed in a white shirt with an expression of paying, while all the soldiers are faceless, anonymous. B. the lantern shines upon a man, who is about to get shot, along with the directional line of the guns pointing at him. C. the emphasis is on the soldiers holding the rifles because they are faceless. D. the colors white, yellow, and red demand our attention by creating a dramatic focal area against a background of earth-tones and black.

the emphasis is on the soldiers holding the rifles because they are faceless

Which of these is not a factor that comes into play when viewing and interpreting a work of art. A. Our mood influences what we notice and how we interpret it B. The culture we grew up in C. knowledge we had accumulated D. the vanity of the artist E. The relationships we have had

the vanity of the artist

During the eighteenth century, why were beauty and art discussed together? A. They were related to the senses. B. They were studied by the upper class. C. They were both considered nonrepresentational. D. They were both felt to provide pleasure.

they were both felt to provide pleasure

The nature of perception suggests that the most important key to looking at art is _________________________. A. to become aware of the process of looking itself B. to have a strong art-historical background C. to be able to create art. D. all of these

to become aware of the process of looking itself.

Which is NOT a task for artists, according to the text? A. to record and commemorate B. to create extraordinary versions of ordinary objects C. to help us see the world in the same way that we see it D. to create places for some human purpose E. to give tangible form to feelings and ideas

to help us see the world in the same way that we see it

Raphael's The Madonna of the Meadows is composed using the implied shape of a ____________. A. trapezoid B. triangle C. square D. circle

triangle

A composition consisting of three panels side by side, generally hinged in such a way that the outer two panels can close like shutters over the central one.

tripych

A painting or other art form that creates such a realistic image that the viewer may wonder whether it is real or an illusion (from French for "fool the eye").

trompe l'oeil

French for "fool the eye", representational art that mimics optical experience so faithfully that it may be mistaken momentarily for reality.

trompe l'oeil

When a work of art like Duane Hanson Housepainter III is rendered in such an extremely naturalistic manner that the viewer is "tricked" for a moment into thinking that they are real. It is called ____________. A. trompe l'oeil B. style C. Expressionism D. iconography

trompe l'oeil

Linear perspective in which two vanishing points are placed on the horizon line.

two point perspective

In Stairs Tina Modott achieved _____________ by the use of the color repetition of the rectangles and triangles shapes. A. variety B. extreme unity C. unity D. conceptual unity

unity

A black-and-white photograph of a scene eliminates the hues and intensities of the scene's colors but captures the _____________ of the colors. A. pigments B. chromas C. harmonies D. value

value

The overall composition of the work Saturday Night is unified by red color scheme, but there is still plenty of __________ in this composition in the captivating array of characters and movements. A. variety B. extreme unity C. visual unity D. conceptual unity

variety

What feature of James McNeill Whistler's work, Billingsgate, creates rhythm? A. Wavelike, horizontal bars B. Repeating colored circles C. Vertical lines of ship masts D. Strong use of negative space

vertical lines of ship masts

Elements, such as line, shape, color, and texture, that are used by artists to create imagery. Also termed plastic elements.

visual elements

In the work of art Still Life with Glass Goblet and Porcelain Bowl by Willem Kalf, the objects are in sharp focus and delineated with meticulous care to create an artwork that almost fools the viewer into believing that the images are the actual objects. The artist created _____________________ to faithfully record the way light played over the surfaces of the objects in this painting. A. actual texture B. visual texture C. pattern D. effects of color

visual texture

Simulated texture in a work of art; the use of line, color, and other visual elements to create the illusion of various textures in flat drawings and paintings. Contrast with abstract texture.

visual texture

__________________ the apparent heaviness or lightness of the forms are ranged in a composition, as gauged by how intensely they draw the viewer's eye. A. unity B. rhythm C. symmetry D. visual weight

visual weight

According to the author, the most important meaning of an artwork is _________________________. A. what is established by the author B. what is written by the art historian C. what it means to the viewer D. none of these

what it means to the viewer.

The field of philosophy called aesthetics is concerned with what question. What term describes work done by nonprofessionals? A. Is art from the past better than that of today? B. What makes art beautiful? C. Who is responsible for judging the meaning of an artwork? D. How is art made?

what makes art beautiful?

Which of these is an example of warm colors?

yellow, orange, red