Art History Exam 2

Which of the following works exhibit contrapposto? Choose all that apply.

- Kritios Boy - Doryphoros - Apoxyomenos (The Scraper)

Who is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality?

Aphrodite (Roman Venus)

Ancient Greek statues of youths (kouroi) and maidens (korai) emerge during which period?

Archaic period

Which period saw major changes in figural sculpture that began with archaizing holdovers, transitioned to idealization, then development to a new figural aesthetic with longer torsos and limbs, and smaller heads, and the first female nude?

Classical (Early to Late)

Which period of Greek history began around 500 BCE and is characterized by the emergence of democracy and described as the "golden age" for Athens and mainland Greece.

Classical period

Which of the following is the building technique used to create the vaulting of the Treasury of Atreus when stones are cut and placed so that as each moves up, it moves inward. This creates a smooth transition up to the apex with a capstone. This arrangement is also used to create the triangular space (or relieving triangle) above the entrance lintel?

Corbelling

Modern artists, such as Brancusi, Modigliani, and Picasso, created art that responded to which Ancient Aegean works?

Cycladic marble figurines

Which of the following is NOT one of the three dominant Aegean cultures of the Mediterranean Bronze Age?

Cyclopian

Characteristics that describe Hellenistic sculpture style include which of the following?

Dramatic, energy, muscular, naturalism, expressions of emotion (such as agony, pain).

Who is known as the great "Master of Attic Black Figure" vase painting?

Exekias

During the Archaic and Classical Periods (c. 600-323 B.C.E.), vase-paintings primarily display what?

Human and mythological activities

The Parthenon has come to symbolize which of the following?

The birth of democracy and Athens as the prosperous center of the Ancient Greek world.

Choose all of the correct statements that apply to the work in the image.

- It is a beehive tomb - It dates to c. 1300-1250 BCE - It is a Tholos - It is an expression of power - The stone above the doorway is called a lintel - The title is the Treasury of Atreus

Select all of the statements that apply to the work in the image. (Choose all that apply).

- It is titled Laocoön and Sons - It can be described as having tension: twisting, expressive of agony and beauty - It depicts a narrative from ancient literature describing an event from the Trojan War. - This work is from the Ancient Greek, Hellenistic period

Choose all of the correct statements that apply to the work in the image. Choose all that apply.

- The narrative symbolizes more than a game between to heroes - The work is by the Master of Black Figure - The decorative forms on the surface are created by a needle scratching out details from slipware - The work dates to c. 540-530 BCE - The work is an amphora, or storage vessel

Choose all of the correct statements that apply to the work of art in the image. (Choose all that apply)

- The original function may have been a grave marker - This is an idealized youthful male form - This work is frontal - meant to be seen from the front - The work of art is a kouros - The pose is influenced from Ancient Egyptian statues - hands at the side, left foot advancing

Which of the following clues help us surmise that the bull leaping scenes from Knossos refer to a rite of passage ceremony? Choose all that apply.

- The presence of a bull may relate to the practice of "life threatening" bull sports - The figures present in the scene may be youths, which is indicated by their hairstyle (curls at the top with locks falling down the back) is not uncommon in representations of both youthful males and females. Their youth is also indicated by the muscles of all three of the bull leapers, at their thighs and chests, have been very delicately articulated, accentuating their athletic build. - The location of the fresco on the east side the Central Court (Theatral area) just beyond the west façade of the palace at Knossos as locations where bull-leaping ceremonies might have taken place.

Choose all of the statements that apply to the work(s) in the image.

- The relief sculpture on the frieze would have been brilliantly colored - The title is the Parthenon - The artist that oversaw the sculptural program on the building is Phidias

Match the Greek period of art with the correct number that labels them in the right chronological order

1. Orientalizing 2. Archaic 3. Classical 4. Hellenistic

When, and which, is the first (original) example of full scale fully nude woman in Ancient Greek sculpture?

4th century BCE, Aphrodite of Knidos

Identify the culture that best matches the work of art in the image:

Ancient Aegean/Cycladic

Match the work of art to the correct culture or period: Doryphoros

Ancient grece./ early classical

Match the work of art to the correct culture or period: Kritios Boy

Ancient grece./ early classical

Match the work of art to the correct culture or period: New York Kouros

Ancient greek/ archaic

Which Ancient Greek period is known for large-scale marble sculptures of male and female youths, which were used as grave markers or intended as votive offerings?

Archaic period

Match the artist with the work of art: Laocoön and Sons

Athanadoros ect.

Which city emerged around 500 B.C.E. as a leader in the Greek world in drama and philosophy, literature, art and architecture?

Athens

The relief frieze on The Pergamon Altar depicts what subject?

Battle between giants and gods and goddess of Mt. Olympus

Which technique uses the silhouette manner, dark-colored figures on a light background, with added color and incised details?

Black figure

Lysippos is the Ancient Greek sculptor of the Late Classical period know for what?

Changing the canon of proportions, elongating the figure

Term meaning the naturalistic pose the human body takes when it is relaxed and standing. The weight of the body is on one leg while the other leg is not weight bearing.

Contraposto

All Greek statues would have been left plain white.

False

Male and female statuettes of the Cycladic Period were made to originally appear as all-white, clean marble.

False

The people on either side of the bull in the Bull-leaping fresco from the Palace of Knossos, as reconstructed, bear markers of both male and female gender. This is because they are painted white, which indicates a male figure according to ancient Egyptian gender-color conventions, which we know the Minoans also used, and they wear loincloths, which is female dress.

False

True or False. The Attic Black Figure amphora with Ajax and Achilles by Exekias represents two gods in a contest to become patron deities to the city of Troy.

False

True or False. The Parthenon is dedicated to the Greek goddess Aphrodite.

False

True or False. There are many examples of bronze statues that survive from Ancient Greece.

False

Match the features and stylistic characteristics with the correct Cycladic figurine type: Frontal pose

Female Figurines

Match the features and stylistic characteristics with the correct Cycladic figurine type: Compact, closed composition

Female figurines

The main subject on the Dipylon krater depicts what?

Funerary depiction of a figure on a bier, surrounded by mourners

The vessels created during the __________________ Period (c. 900-700 B.C.E.) feature geometric patterns

Geometric

The Nike of Samothrace dates to when?

Hellenistic Period c. 190 B.C.E

Which Ancient Greek period occurred after the Death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, and is when artists were interested in capturing motion and emotion, expressing agony and drama?

Hellenistic period

Which of the following describes a kouros?

Idealized representation of a youthful nude male figure with left foot advancing, head facing forward, arms at the sides, and a slight smile.

The Treasury of Atreus is located where?

In a hill, outside the citadel of Mycenae.

The Sarpedon krater was originally purchased and placed where?

In an Etruscan tomb in Cerverteri, Italy

Cycladic marble female figures have primarily been found where?

In graves

Which work is considered the earliest example of monumental sculpture on mainland Greece?

Lion Gate, Mycenaea

To produce the characteristic red and black colors found on vases, Greek craftsmen used what?

Liquid clay (termed "slip")

During the Late Classical Period around the 4th century BCE, a new figural aesthetic developed. These included which of the following?

Longer torsos and limbs, and smaller heads.

Match the artist with the work of art. Apoxyomenos

Lysippos

Match the features and stylistic characteristics with the correct Cycladic figurine type.: Rounded, tubular limbs

Male Figurines

Match the features and stylistic characteristics with the correct Cycladic figurine type: Musical instruments

Male Figurines

Modern art historians think Akrotiri became a settlement directly related to the _____________ culture.

Minoan

The earliest Greek temples were made out of which materials?

Mud and brick

What is the term for "the interior room that held the cult statue of the God or Gods"?

Naos

Identify the title of the work in this image:

Nike (Winged Victory) of Samothrace

Information on the date, original creation and function of the male and female statuettes from the Cycladic Period is incomplete in large part because of which of following reasons?

Only about 10% of the statues have been excavated in controlled conditions where archaeologists can record information. Most statues were sold immediately after discovery.

The theatric and dramatic figures of Laocoön and Sons can be compared to which other work of art from the Hellenistic Period?

Pergamon Altar

Which ancient Greek work is often used to symbolize the concept of "the canon," or the rule for the standard of beauty, the perfection of the human body related to mathematical ratios?

Polykleitos, Doryphoros

Match the artist with the work of art: Aphrodite of Knidos (Greek original)

Praxiteles

The sculptures from the Parthenon depict what?

Scenes from Athenian cult and mythology.

Modern conservation techniques applied to art attempt to do which of the following?

Seek to stabilize and give a sense of what the original work or image would have look like.

The Capitoline Venus (modeled after Aphrodite of Knidos), is depicted in a manner that is considered much more "sexualized" than male nudes of the earlier Greek periods. What contributes to this effect?

She is in the round, posed in the act of covering herself (revealing and covering at the same time)

The paintings on Akrotiri include which of the following scenes?

Stylized animals, landscapes, and figures partaking in sporting events.

Ancient Greek pots and cups, or "vases", are made of ________________ (fired clay).

Terracotta

The scene represented on the Sarpedon Krater is from what event?

The death of Zeus' son Sarpedon during the Trojan War

On the black figure amphorae created by Exekias c. 540-530 BCE, the scene of Ajax and Achilles is a metaphor for what?

The fates of the two heroes

Whre are the three categories of architectural sculpture on the Parthenon?

The frieze, the metopes, and the pediment.

The Greeks thought that the best time to die was when you are young and beautiful. How does Euphronios express this idea on the Sarpedon Krater?

The muscular definition and how the profile face of Sarpedon is serene even in the face of death.

Some art historians believe the new naturalism developed at the end of the Archaic and beginning of the Classical periods (for example the Kritios Boy) was influenced by which event?

The victory of the Greeks over the Persians at Marathon, creating a new sense of self and self-determination

What term is also described as a beehive tomb?

Tholos

The Dipylon krater was made for what purpose?

To mark a grave

True or False. The Parthenon combines Doric and Ionic elements.

True

True or False. The Parthenon in Athens dates to the 5th century BCE.

True

The paintings on Akrotiri are made of which medium/technique?

True frescoes - waterbased pigment (wet painting) on fine plaster over rough plaster.

The size and quality of the Dipylon krater represents the ______________ of the family for whom it was made.

Wealth and power

Match the work of art to the correct culture or period: Myron, Discobolus

ancient greek/ classical

What years did the Mycenaean culture dominate the Greek mainland?

c. 1600-1100 BCE

Ancient Greece was not a united empire or kingdom, but rather Dispersed around the Mediterranean and divided into self-governing units called poleis or _____________________.

city-states