Art History Exam 3, Egypt and Ancient Greece

Statue of Akhenaton, from the temple of Aton in Karnak , New Kingdom. 1353- 1335 BCE

Amenhotep IV (ruled 1353-1335 BCE) Changed religion from polytheistic to MONOTHEISM. He abandoned other gods including Amen-Re and proclaimed that he was the only SON and SOLE PROPHET of ATON.

Lysippos. The Weary Herakles (Farnese Hercules). A Roman copy by Glykon of the 4th-century BCE bronze original. Height 10' 6"

Another Late Classical sculptor. Created a NEW CANON - (8 heads - Polykleitos a century before used 7 heads). His work contained a NERVOUS ENERGY. HERACLES, exaggerated musculature, hero is at rest. Rejection of stability and balance. Unbalanced needs a support. Painful look, not serene face of the Egyptian, or early Greek art. Express subtle emotion

The Palette of Narmer. Early Dynastic period, c. 2950 BCE.

Contains name of patron: King Narmer. First labeled work in the history of art (hieroglyph on the top: Catfish (Nar) chisel (mer) not Funerary art. Used for make up Records unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Diagram of the Classical architectural orders, differentiating between the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Key parts of Greek temple design, such as the pediment, entablature, frieze, capital, column, shaft, and base are also identified

Doric Simple and masculine Triglyphs and metopes in frieze First used in 6th century BCE Used on exterior of Parthenon Ionic More feminine and delicate Scrolls on the capitals First used in 6th century BCE Used on inner frieze of Parthenon Corinthian Most ornate order Acanthus leaves on capitals Begun at the end of the 5th century BCE Used most often by the Romans

Laocoön and his Sons, copy of bronze original probably made at Pergamum c. 150 BCE. Marble, 6'½" high. Vatican Museums, Vatican City

Dramatic depiction of agony Strong realism, heroic bodies Depiction of age

The Stepped Pyramid and Sham Buildings, Funerary Complex of Djoser, Saqqara. Early Dynastic. Height 204'.

FIRST TRULY GRANDIOSE ROYAL TOMB Basically 6 Mastabas piled up not a platform for a temple. Stepped Pyramid symbolized a stairway to sun god Ra and its design led to pyramid tombs. Function: protect the mummified king and his possessions

Metope of a Lapith and centaur in combat from the south side of the Parthenon, designed by Pheidias, c. 445 BCE. Marble, 52⅝" high. British Museum, London, England

Greek myth about humans battling with half-horse creatures Symbolic of the Athenians' battle with the Persians Metope - part of Doric order High-Relief sculpture Covering Doric frieze of the exterior of the Parthenon Current location at the British Museum due to Lord Elgin Symbolize human conflict between animal instinct and rational self-control

Khafre with the falcon god Horus embracing the back of his head, c. 2500 BCE. Diorite, 5'6⅛" high. Cairo Museum, Egypt.

Ideal Proportions God-like quality of the pharaoh Express serenity, eternal stillness No movement Funerary statue, carved out from hard dark stone from the Royal quarry. The stone glows blue light when the sun hits it: Blue was the color of Horus, sky god, and protector of the Pharaoh. Figure is balanced

New York Kouros, c. 600 BCE. 6 Feet. (Metropolitan Museum of Art)

It is a type of sculpture known as a kouros (male youth), characteristically depicted nude with the left leg striding forward and hands clenched at the side Less defined Greeks differently from Egyptians were preoccupied less by permanence more by representation of MOTION.

Great Pyramids, Giza. Old Kingdom, c. 2575-2450 BCE.

Pyramid of Khufu on the right is the oldest of the three. Each Pyramid's four sides are oriented to the four cardinal points Conceived of as the palace of the afterlife not only the tomb of King. Funerary temple faces the rising sun Funerary temple connected to another temple along the Nile

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear bearer). c. 450-440 BCE. (Roman marble copy after Greek bronze original, tree trunk/arm brace Roman additions)

Sculptor of 4th century BCE. His gods and goddesses shed some solemnity and gain earthly SENSUOUSNESS. Credited w/ turning "MARBE INTO FLESH." Dewy eyes, smooth flow from one body part to another - rather than "harder" body of the Spear Bearer by Polykleitos. Depicts an intimate, domestic, moment. Off-balance

Great Sphinx with pyramid of Khafre in the background at left, Old Kingdom

Sphinx is of colossal size, he has the body of a lion and the head of the Pharaoh (probably Khafre) and is associated with the Sun God COMPOSITE FORM: pharaoh combines human intelligence with fearsome strength and authority of the lion.

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, 447-432 BCE, Acropolis, Athens, Greece

White marble, originally painted in bright colors Included several sculptures to Athena including a colossal statue made of gold and ivory Exemplar of Classical architecture: BALANCE, PROPORTION, UNITY Central building was Parthenon: quest for perfect proportions., well-spaced columns, harmonious design, mathematical precision.