Art of US 1

John Frederick Kensett

"eatons neck long island" followed footsteps of cole and durand. detailed realism and precision. Luministic qualities "last summers work makes him legend. Some are almost abstract and precise

Raphaelle Peale

First american painter of sill life "Venus Rising from the Sea—A Deception (After the Bath),"

George Caleb Bingham

First significant American painter to come out of midwest and make its life his main subject. Recorded manners and social behavior of men on great river carefully contriving highly formal compositions. *fur traders descending the Missouri/ the jolly flatboatmen

Hudson River School

Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River "group of american landscape painters"

Cotopaxi

Frederic Church During the Civil War, volcanoes became a popular metaphor to symbolize the destructive times people were living in. Church utilizes this metaphor by showing the volcanic display as a display of nature's power. The threat the smoke poses to both the natural sunlight and the landscape could reveal a warning by Church at the time. The "battlefield smoke" spewing from the Volcano threatens the natural landscape which represents the war taking over the country

Twilight in the Wilderness

Frederic Edwin Church 1860 Twilight in the Wilderness was created after church had traveled and documented the particular site. The sketches and oil drawings that Church compiles over his stay, wherever he is, allows him to replicate scenes in nature in a unique, yet scientific way. focus on the sublime of nature in comparison to the insignificant man. This relationship gives the viewer the sense of America's pristine and vast natural landscape that is both known and unknown. It's the feeling that the mountains continue infinitely into spaces humans cannot and will not be able to see that creates the images sublimity. ensures that the finest details are represented

Heart of the Andes

Frederic Edwin Church, 1859 a Christian who wanted to show people the wonders of all God had made on earth. At a time when travel was arduous and dangerous, Church set out on extensive journeys to make sketches of the world's most beautiful landscapes. Returning home to New York, he turned his sketches into paintings worthy of any museum on earth. At one point, he was the best-known artist of his time.

Asher Durand

Painted Kindred Spirits, The Study of Nature: Rocks and Trees. He was an engraver and payed attention to detail. ideal of naturalism for the second-generation painters that came to be called the Hudson River School.

Isaac Royall Family

Robert Feke

Monticello

Virginia, U.S. Thomas Jefferson (architect). 1768-1809 C.E. Brick, glass, stone, and wood By helping to introduce classical architecture to the United States, Jefferson intended to reinforce the ideals behind the classical past: democracy, education, rationality, civic responsibility. Jefferson reinforced the symbolic nature of architecture.

Samuel F. B. Morse

The gallery of louvre inventor and painter filled canvas with replicas of works

trompe l'oeil

visual illusion in art, especially as used to trick the eye into perceiving a painted detail as a three-dimensional object.

Rembrandt Peale

was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait painter, he was especially acclaimed for his likenesses of presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

Frederick Remington

was an American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer who specialized in depictions of the American West.

Samuel Adams

Instead of embellishing his portraits with a wealth of detail, Copley concentrated on personality, which he emphasized through a simplified palette and, above all, through an increased attention to the expressive potential of light-dark contrasts. In Samuel Adams, dramatic style and dynamic sitter are admirably matched. Adams's proportions, like those of many of Copley's male sitters, seem peculiar: his head is overlarge and his torso appears small and ungainly;

The Staircase Group

Its high degree of detail and finish shows that the painting was clearly intended to be a troupe l'ceil "deception," an effect that Peale never attempted elsewhere. use of cast shadows and stair step in front of door framing.

Golden Eagle

John James Audubon drama of eagle gauging the eye of rabbit. Audubon is in background on fallen log with eagle on back (prey to him as rabbit to eagle)

Pat Lyon at the Forge

John Neagle Patrick Lyon was a wealthy, successful man when he commissioned Neagle to paint him, but he asked the artist to depict him as a blacksmith, the vocation in which he had begun his career. In the early nineteenth century, people who could afford such large-scale, heroic images of themselves usually preferred to be depicted in formal dress and surrounded by expensive objects, implying their aristocratic status. In contrast, Lyon explicitly told Neagle that he did "not wish to be represented as what I am not—a gentleman. Pat Lyon at the Forge demonstrates not only a new style of painting and subject, but also a new attitude towards the laborer and his place in society.

Nicholas Boylston

John Singleton Copley It remains one of Copley's most successful renderings of a wealthy gentleman at ease. Boylston appears informally, wearing a blue-green morning gown of heavy silk damask over a beige silk waistcoat, partially unbuttoned to reveal a ruffled white linen shirt that also has ruffles at the cuffs; a red velvet turban covers his shaved head. He sits in a graceful Massachusetts Chippendale side chair, in front of a grand swag of red drapery.

Watson and the Shark

John Singleton Copley dramatic rendering of a shark attacking 14-year-old Brook Watson The painting is romanticized: the gory detail of the injury is hidden beneath the waves, though there is a hint of blood in the water. large scale history paintings. didn't prefer portraits anymore.

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin

John Singleton Copley shows artist at height of his powers. He developed a highly finished style that rendered the features, costumes, and settings of his subjects with remarkable accuracy. Copley depicts not only the features and costumes of his sitters with his famed skill, but creates an image of marriage as an affectionate, equal partnership--an innovative concept in American portraiture at the time.

Boy with a Squirrel (Henry Pelham)

John Singleton Copley, *tangible demonstration of the artist's skin painted Pelham in profile—something exceedingly rare in his pre-London oeuvre. He looks to left side of the composition as if dreamily lost in thought. In some ways, *serves as a vehicle for Copley to demonstrate his ability to paint reflections of material objects. Reflections of the glass of water, the cracked nut, the squirrel's belly, and Pelham's white cuffs can all be seen on the polished tabletop.

John Trumbull

John Trumbull was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War famous for his historical paintings including his Declaration of Independence. Significance- His declaration of independence picture appears on the reverse of the $2 dollar bill. whose paintings of major episodes in the American Revolution form a unique record of that conflict's events and participants.

Ariadne Asleep on the Island of Naxos

John Vanderlyn neoclassical pig; one of few nudes painted by american artist before 19th century. Ariadne, nude, and in what appears to be a post-coital slumber, lies upon a red drapery, her arms raised to her head. In a painting largely filled with muted earth tones, this red blanket gathers the visual attention of the viewer. A white sheet wraps around upper thigh. It both conceals and at the same time brings attention to her nudity. abandoned by theseus after helping him slay menataur.

Eaton's Neck, Long Island

Kensett painted Eaton's Neck, Long Island in the last summer of his life, which he spent mainly on Contentment Island, near Darien, Connecticut. Eaton's Neck, New York, was a short ferry ride across Long Island Sound. The rigorously simplified work is divided into three zones: sea, land, and sky. No extraneous elements complicate the astonishingly unconventional composition—a work notably ahead of its time. Some are almost abstract and precise. luministic and abstract.

Genre Scenes

paintings or sculptures of ordinary, everyday activities

Timothy O'Sullivan

photographed battles & human casualties of the Civil War "The Harvest of Death":

Still Life: Strawberries, nuts, etc.

raphaelle peale Characterized by crisp forms and serenely balanced compositions, most of Peale's still lives portray food (mainly fruit), crockery, and glassware arranged on a plain shelf, parallel to the picture plane. the rhythmic balance of fruit, nuts, and Chinese export porcelain is enlivened by the diagonal branch of raisins and orange leaf. These objects are brightly illuminated against a bare, dark background in the manner of the dramatic still-life com-positions

William Sidney Mount

renowned genre painter and contemporary of the Hudson River School. Depicted African-Americans with dignity/sympathy (e.g. Eel Spearing at Setauket 1845) was an American painter best known for his genre paintings, although he also painted landscapes and portraits. He was a contemporary of the Hudson River School "the painters triumph"

Thomas Cole

*Founder of the Hudson River school, *famous for his landscape paintings. *Nostalgia was central in Cole's landscape paintings which allowed him to depict feelings about transient changes in the world. *Cole's interest in the the vanishing wildness as a fundamental part of his paintings. *his romantic painting,The Oxbow

John James Audubon

*Romantic-era artist *Member of the Hudson River School, a group of landscape painters *Demonstrated the emotion of nature, especially birds and animals *In 1886, a nature organization took his name "the birds of america" series and "golden eagle"

Albert Bierstadt

*The artist's rugged, romanticized landscapes of the West *painted on a grand scale with an abundance of detail *dramatic lighting, *almost glowing lighting: luminism. "The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak"

Kindred Spirits, Asher B. Durand

-Depicts Thomas Cole and his friend William Cullen Bryant standing in the dramatic scenery of the Catskill Mountains which inspired so many of their great works -Kaaterskill Falls in far background -One year after the death of Cole, in his honor. -Atmospheric perspective

Martin Johnson Heade

-focused on the atmosphere/light as subject matter >aesthetic qualities of light and color. Awe at boundless space, low horizon line and minimal landscape. Luminist painter "approaching thunder storm"

Gilbert Stuart

A painter from Rhode Island who painted several portraits of Washington, creating a sort of idealized image of Washington. When Stuart was painting these portraits, the former president had grown old and lost some teeth. Stuart's paintings created an ideal image of him.

The Last of the Buffalo

Albert Bierstadt The Last of the Buffalo is Albert Bierstadt's final, great, western painting. ambitious landscape combines a variety of elements he had sketched during multiple western excursions. references, even laments, the destruction wrought by encroaching settlement

The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak

Albert Bierstadt This painting is the major work that resulted from the artist's first trip to the West. His intention to create panoramic views of the American frontier was apparent by December 1858, just before he embarked on the trip.

Frederic Edwin Church

American Artist. Was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters *best known for painting large panoramic landscapes, often depicting mountains, waterfalls, and sunsets, but also sometimes depicting dramatic natural phenomena *Paintings emphasis on light and a romantic respect for natural detail. *the younger artist set allegory and narrative aside in favor of a more focused and precise depiction of nature. "Niagara"w

John Singleton Copley

American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock Copley soon discovered that his skills were most pronounced in the genre of portraiture Boy with squirrel (depictions of reflections)

John Neagle

American painter, primarily of portraits, during the first half of the 19th century in Philadelphia." Pat Lyon at the Forge"

Thomas Moran

An artist inspired by the West, would paint the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone

Death on a Pale Horse

Benjamin West While West had established his reputation as a Neoclassical painter, this late work shows him turning towards the newer romantic movement, and mindful of Edmund Burke's artistic philosophy of "the Sublime," a quality in art that is meant to evoke intense feelings of awe in the viewer artist's final major work.

Penn's Treaty with the Indians

Benjamin West -Depicts William Penn entering into peace treaty with the Delaware tribe -NOT how it actually happened Although the scene is allegorical rather than historical, the image has become an icon of American history.

The death of general Wolfe

Benjamin West Indeed, West transforms Wolfe from a simple war hero to a deified martyr for the British cause. center of composition is general wolfe. This composition set the stage for the many 'contemporary' history paintings that John Singleton Copley and John Trumbull painted throughout the rest of the eighteenth century.

The exhumation of the Mastodon

Charles Willson Peale Scene shows numerous figures around a water-filled pit. Triangular wooden frame structure appears in center, to which buckets are attached on a pulley system. Artist and his family are represented center; other figures work in water, around waterwheel. Tents are seen in background. But the painting captures America's ambition: to create its own history and prehistory, to exercise its scientific and organizational resources, master its still largely unexplored territory,

The Artist in His Museum

Charles Willson Peale this monumental canvas is a kind of life story for the artist, and identifies him not only as the artist who made the painting, but, as importantly, the scientist who founded the museum that bears his name. These objects—stuffed bird, painting tools, and excavated mastodon—serve as a kind of visual representation of Peale himself.

Fur Traders Descending the Missouri

George Caleb Bingham a balance of horizontals and diagonals to fix figures at right angles — there was little in his work up to this point to suggest he was poised to create a masterpiece that signaled his growth as an artist and announcing his place as a one of the first truly American fine artists. remarkable work if only because prior to this painting, Bingham was best-known for his portraits.

The Skater (portrait of William Grant)

Gilbert Stuarts first attempt at full length portrait. The unorthodox motif of skating -- indeed, any presentation of vigorous movement at all -- had absolutely no precedent in Britain's "Grand Manner" tradition of life-size society portraiture. brought artist first broad recognition.

Thomas Jefferson

Greatest american born architect of his time. "monticello" famous architectural creation was his house.

Thomas Smith

He is best known for the self-portrait that he painted Smith's style has similarities with English and Dutch Golden Age painting, such as his expressive use of light and shadow.

William Guy Wall

He was already a well trained artist and soon became well known for his sensitive watercolor views of the Hudson River Valley and surroundings. Wall's landscapes (and a few seascapes) were straightforward representations of America's awe-inspiring vistas—neither romanticized nor idealized.

John Vanderlyn

He was largely responsible for introducing the Neoclassical style to the United States. Death of Jane McCrea

Charles Wilson Peale

He was one of the outstanding painters of the early American republic, and he painted more than a thousand portraits, mostly of American Revolution leaders. He founded the nation's first museum and first art school. His 1772 portrait of George Washington is recognized as the first authentic likeness of Washington. His likenesses were realistic, accurate in detail, and sensitive to the sitter's personality.

The Greek Slave

Hiram Powers The highly provocative stance of the female figure, which Powers described as a Greek woman stripped and chained at a slave market, was seen as so salacious that men and women viewed it separately. Though it addressed the 1821-1832 Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire, abolitionists seized on it as social commentary on the highly volatile subject of slavery in the United States. The highly provocative stance of the female figure, which Powers described as a Greek woman stripped and chained at a slave market, was seen as so salacious that men and women viewed it separately. Though it addressed the 1821-1832 Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire, abolitionists seized on it as social commentary on the highly volatile subject of slavery in the United States.

Approaching Thunderstorm

Martin Johnson Heade -rings of water is black as marble under sky bracketed y light on both sides. each element in space is unnaturally distance (white sail, rowers shirt, man and dog) conveys strong sense of arrested time. luminous painting trembling between meditative and ominous

Paul Revere

Paul Revere is Copley's only finished portrait of an artisan dressed in shirtsleeves and shown at work. Copley's image of Revere is unprecedented not only in his own oeuvre but also in American colonial painting.

Freake Limner

Portraitist. balances simple design, shallow space, and delicate drawing with linear elegance, rich color accents, and luxuriant embellishments. His masterpiece, the portrait of Elizabeth Freake with her baby, tenderly and respectfully evokes the sitter's dignified presence and maternal affection.

Venus Rising from the Sea- A Deception

Raphaellx Peale, 1822 A parody addresses Americas intolerance of the nude. In Venus Rising from the Sea, Raphaelle Peale created the illusion of a cloth hiding a bathing woman. Peale's design also alludes to the contemporary practice of covering paintings of nudes, one that he deemed ridiculous though his father Charles Willson Peale found it prudent.

Gallery of the Louvre

Samuel Morse The beginning of Morse's pioneering efforts into new technologies—namely the electromagnetic telegraph and the medium of photography—can be found in the crafting of this one work of art This piece was Morse's ambitious effort to capture images of the Louvre's great paintings and transport them across the ocean and throughout the country, to the republic's young cities and villages, so that art and culture could grow there.

Landscapes

Scenery of places, including physical, human, and cultural features

Hiram Powers

Sculptor whose work, The Greek Slave, in part pays homage/devotion to the American slave.

Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Izard

Seated opposite each other at a polished porphyry table, Mr. and Mrs. Izard are surrounded by opulent furnishings and classical references that connote their wealth, discriminating taste, and cultural sophistication. The high-style table and elaborately carved chairs are Roman in design, while the column and plinth behind Ralph Izard are faced with verde antique, a rare green marble from Thessaly. The distant view includes the Colosseum, symbol of ancient Rome and the most important monument for early American travelers to Italy.The inclusion of this sculpture, often identified as Orestes and Electra, and the fifth-century-B.C. Greek vase at the upper left, are important reminders of the Izards' interest in art and antiquities.

The Bermuda Group

Smibert's career and served as an example of John Smibert's skill and ability as a portraitist. a composition as immense as it is ambitious

George washington Gilbert stuart (two)

Stuart's grandest achievement, depicts Washington as he appeared as president on public occasions: in a black velvet suit, a white shirt with lace ruffles, black stockings and shoes, and wearing a dress sword. The portrait refers to his past and present leadership. This image is also duplicated in reverse on the one-dollar bill. The result was more than seventy-five replicas depicting the president in the now-familiar waist-length pose after commission

View from Mount Holyoke

Thomas Cole high perspective in the mountains of a view of the Connecticut River Valley after a thunderstorm. On the left of this painting you can see the stormy clouds passing by with broken trees in the foreground suggesting the reoccurrence of other storms that left their mark. Down below you can see the peaceful life surrounding the river with farms all around illuminated by the golden light. Cole even includes himself in this landscape painting just noticeable in the gully with his easel marking his possession of the scene. This landscape painting juxtaposes the idea of the uncontrollable forces of nature and pastoral settlement to emphasize the outlook for the future of America after the passing of metaphorical storms.

The Course of Empire

Thomas ColeHis masterful The Course of Empire is without equal in its explorations of historical theory and themes. It presents a stadialist interpretation of the liberal theory of history, showing stage-by-stage the timeless and cyclical conflict between liberty and power. depicts imaginary rise and fall of empire

University of Virginia

Thomas Jefferson Meaning in Public Buildings (literal, indirect) Discussion. Collaboration. Enlightenment. These are the ideals to which Thomas Jefferson aspired when conceiving the University of Virginia. In his quest to reinvent higher education in America, Jefferson sought to cultivate an environment in which students and faculty could live and learn from one another. The Rotunda—originally the University's library—still serves as the heart of the University and as a symbol of our endless pursuit of knowledge.

Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone

Thomas Moran impressive not only in terms of its masterful execution and sheer size—14 feet by 8 feet—but in terms of how it codified images of the United States' natural wonders of the West in the minds of Americans. a major influence in preserving what is now one of the world's most cherished places: Yellowstone National Park.

Benjamin West

West became known for his large scale history paintings, which use expressive figures, colors and compositional schemes to help the spectator to identify with the scene represented. Death of general wolfe

history painting

a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, as in a portrait.

Luminism

a movement in painting, especially since about 1875, in which the art concentrates on the effect of light

portraiture

a painting or drawing of a person

Still life painting

a picture depicting an arrangement of inanimate objects

Fitz Henry Lane

an American painter and printmaker of a style that would later be called Luminicsm, for its use of pervasive light. Perhaps most characteristic element of Lane's paintings is the incredible amount of attention paid to detail. Lane's first-known and recorded work, a watercolor titled The Burning of the Packet Ship "Boston,"

Rubens Peale with a Geranium

by Rembrandt Peale Rubens Peale with a Geranium is a supreme example of the unaffected naturalism which typified the artist's early maturity. Combining firm, clear drawing, carefully modulated color, and an intense devotion to detail, twenty-three-year-old Rembrandt Peale produced an eloquent expression of his family's philosophical orientation.

Mathew Brady

earliest photographer who documented the horrors of war with his pictures of Civil War battles

Washington Allston

first important American Romantic painter. dramatic subject matter and his use of light and atmospheric color. dramatic portrayals of mood. "Elijah in the Desert"

Niagara

frederic church, He was the first to render the spectacle on such a grand scale, with such fine detail, naturalism, and immediacy. He heightened the illusion of reality by selecting a non-traditional format of canvas with a width twice as wide as its height to convey the panoramic expanse of the scene. Most notably, he eliminated any suggestion of a foreground, allowing the viewer to experience the scene as if precariously positioned on the brink of the falls.captures power and beauty

Mrs. Elizabeth Freake and Baby Mary

gave greater attention to costume than to the characterization of the individuals. The colonial painter's deliberate, decorative style shows his awareness of a tradition in British portraiture that derives ultimately from late sixteenth-century iconic representations of Elizabeth I.

American Swallow-Tailed Kite

john james audobon silhouette is rigorous and graceful. spread wings, flared tips, v of tail, fierce flex of neck to tear into snake. Negative space operates as black shape of bird. Snake is a creature in agony sings out in a string diminishing curves suggesting departure of life. Drama of nature

John Smibert

most famous artist before the American Revolution, from London. (brought art to America) (first recorded art exhibit in America) established earlier colonial portraiture in Boston

George Catlin

painter and student of the Native American life who helped advocate for the preservation of nature and proposed the idea of National Parks. The first being Yellowstone in 1872. Famous for portraits of Native americans. (1st white man to paint natives in native lands) Painted illusionist renderings of tribal leaders like a portrait of the mandan chief Mato-Tope "Four Bears"