Art studybook 15

On what is San Vitale's unusual architectural design based?

An octagonal central plan shape

What did Charlemagne use as a model for his royal chapel at Aachen?

San Vitale

As a way of indicating their importance, royalty, such as Constantine and Theodora, would commission works to be put in ______.

churches

In the year ____ the Roman Emperor Constantine issued an edict of tolerance for all religions.

313

The ______ illustrates the Norman Conquest of 1066 in 72 separate episodes that have helped scholars learn more about the events that took place.

Bayeaux Tapestry

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry called an embroidery?

Because colored yarns were sewn onto a woven background

Where has some some of the best-preserved, earliest-surviving, Christian art has been found?

Burial chambers

Crowned in 800, was the first ruler to assume the title Emperor of Rome in over 300 years.

Charlemagne

Look at this image. The later Byzantine convention of portraying Christ as Pantokrator was meant to remind viewers of which of the following?

Christ's majesty and his awe-inspiring divinity

Look at this image. What was Duccio primarily concerned with while working on Christ Entering Jerusalem, which is a detail of Maestà Altar?

Creating a believable space in an outdoor setting

Which style of architecture was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light?

Gothic

In the Middle Ages, texts that were richly decorate and illustrated were described as being .

Illuminated

The territory that was ruled from Constantinople until its defeat by ______ forces in 1453 changed many times over the centuries.

Islamic

What is the scene depicting Christ's followers mourning his death known as?

Lamentation

People of the Byzantine world believed that icons possessed divine power and could be used for what purpose?

Pray directly to the person depicted

What are the images of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora that appear in San Vitale meant to convey?

Reinforce the presence of the distant rulers

What architectural characteristics did abbot Suger employ at Saint-Denis that came define Gothic style?

Stained glass windows Pointed arches Ribbed vaults

How did the Gothic-style carved figures that decorate Chartres Cathedral differ from their earlier counterparts?

The bodies are more rounded and less column-like.

What aspects differentiate Eastern European churches from Western European churches?

The influence of Byzantine aesthetics A central plan Vertical major axis in orientation

For what reasons did the basilica become an obvious choice from which to design the basic structure of a church?

The space naturally focused the attention of visitors on an altar. Its open structure could hold many people.

The magnificent rose windows at Chartres Cathedral are made of tiny pieces of glass in gemlike colors that are meant to evoke which of the following?

The splendor of heaven

True or false: The periods of Gothic art and Renaissance art overlap.

True

Look at this image. As represented in the fresco The Lamentation, Giotto became known for pioneering which technique?

Use of space

The Romanesque Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy was one of the earliest churches modified to include aisles that line the transept and a(n) ______ to help visitors circulate freely.

ambulatory

Look at this image. When a fire destroyed the Chartres Cathedral in 1194, the rebuilt cathedral featured a larger ______ and ______, as shown in this floor plan, compared to those at Sainte-Foy.

choir; ambulatory

Look at this image. This work of Old St. Peter's serves as a good example of how a ______ was employed, which contained windows to let in additional light.

clerestoryWhat did Charlemagne use as a model for his royal chapel at Aachen?

To emphasize the importance of the heavenly realm over the ______ realm, Byzantine art became flattened and somewhat stylized.

earthly

During the Middle Ages, most of the great churches and cathedrals, including the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, were built in response to the popularity of ______.

pilgrimages

Look at this image. Architects of the Gothic period used ______ as reinforcements on the major points of intersections throughout the curve of a vault.

ribs

Look at this image. This work showing Constantine and his court features ______ figures.

stereotyped

Which are common architectural features of Christian churches?

Clerestories Naves Apses

In the year 324 ______ made the decision to transform the Greek colony of Byzantio into a new capital city to be called Constantinople because he believed that ruling the empire from the East would be more secure.

Constantine

In northern Europe, artists continued to work in the Gothic style until which century?

Early 16th century

Byzantine rulers considered themselves to be the legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman Empire; they were known by what title?

Emperor of all the Romans

What did the successors of Constantine do?

Established Christianity as the official state religion

During the early Middle Ages, how did Christian scriptures such as the Gospel Book of Durrow reflect the art that was prevalent in northwestern Europe?

Through animal style and border