arteries and vein and blood tracing 2

Hepatic portal circulation: Trace the flow of a drop of blood from the small intestine to the right atrium of the heart, noting all structures encountered or passed through on the way. Small Intestine Right Atrium of Heart

1. capillaries of small intestine 2. superior mesenteric vein 3. hepatic portal vein 4. liver sinusoids 5. hepatic vein 6. inferior vena cava

Trace the blood flow for the following situation: a. From the capillary beds of the left thumb to the capillary beds of the right thumb Capillary Beds of Left Thumb Capillary Beds of Right Thumb

1. digital vein 2. left radial vein 3. left brachial vein 4. left axillary vein 5. left subclavian vein 6. left brachiocephalic vein 7. superior vena cava 8. right atrium 9. right ventricle 10. pulmonary trunk 11. pulmonary artery 12. lobar artery 13. pulmonary capillaries of lung 14. pulmonary veins 15. left atrium 16. left ventricle 17. aortic arch 18. brachiocephalic artery 19. right subclavian artery 20. right axillary artery 21. right brachial artery 22. right radial artery 23. digital artery

Trace the major pathway. c. From the pulmonary vein to the pulmonary artery by way of the right side of the brain. Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary Artery

1. left atrium 2. left ventricle 3. aortic arch 4. brachiocephalic artery 5. right common carotid artery 6. right internal carotid artery 7. right middle cerebral and right anterior cerebral arteries 8. capillary beds 9. dural sinuses 10. internal jugular vein 11. brachiocephalic vein 12. superior vena cava 13. right atrium 14. right ventricle 15. pulmonary trunk

Trace the blood flow for the following situation: b. From the bicuspid valve to the tricuspid valve by way of the great toe. Bicuspid Valve Tricuspid Valve

1. left ventricle 2. aorta 3. common iliac artery 4. external iliac artery 5. femoral artery 6. posterior tibial artery 7. lateral plantar artery 8. digital artery 9. capillary beds 10. digital vein 11. plantar arch 12. plantar vein 13. posterior tibial vein 14. external iliac vein 15. common iliac vein 16. inferior vena cava 17. right atrium

Trace the pathway of a drop of blood from the aorta to the left occipital lobe of the brain. Aorta Occipital Brain Tissue

1. subclavian artery 2. vertebral artery 3. basilar artery 4. posterior cerebral artery

Why are the walls of arteries proportionately thicker than those of the corresponding veins

Arteries must withstand high pressure and pressure fluctuations. Veins are low-pressure vessels

Hepatic portal circulation: What is the source of blood in the hepatic portal system?

Blood drained from the digestive viscera

Branches of the paired arteries named in the previous question cooperate to form a ring of blood vessels encircling the pituitary gland, at the base of the brain. What name is given to this communication network?

Circle of Willis or Cerebral Arterial Circle

What two paired arteries enter the skull to supply the brain

Internal carotids and Vertebral

Servicing the capillaries is the essential function of the organs of the circulatory system. Explain this statement.

Of all the blood vessels, only the capillaries have intimate contact with the tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs.

What is the function of the circle of Willis?

Provides an alternate set of pathways for blood to reach brain tissue in case of impaired blood flow anywhere in the system.

Why are valves present in veins but not in arteries?

Skeletal muscle "milking action" and changes in thoracic cavity pressure during breathing.

How do the arteries of the pulmonary circulation differ structurally from the systemic arteries? What condition is indicated by this anatomical difference?

The pulmonary arteries are more like veins anatomically. They have relatively thin walls, reflecting the fact that the pulmonary circulation is a low pressure bed.

Most arteries of the adult body carry oxygen-rich blood, and the veins carry oxygen-depleted, carbon dioxide-rich blood. How does this differ in the pulmonary arteries and veins?

The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, whereas the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left heart

Hepatic portal circulation: Why is this blood carried to the liver before it enters the systemic circulation?

This blood is rich in nutrients. The liver is the key body organ responsible for maintaining proper blood concentrations of glucose, proteins, etc. Its phagocytes also cleanse the body of debris.

Trace the pathway of oxygen gas molecules from an alveolus of the lung to the right atrium of the heart. Name all structures through which it passes: Alveolus Right Atrium

alveolar capillary walls, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, systemic arteries, capillary beds of tissues, systemic veins, superior or inferior vena cava

largest artery in the body

aorta

Runs through the armpit

axillary artery

formed by the union of the radial and ulnar veins

brachial

major artery serving the arm

brachial

the arterial system has one of these; the venous system has two

brachiocephalic

Both the anterior and middle cerebral arteries arise from the internal ________ arteries

carotid or carotid arteries

an arterial trunk that has three major branches, which run to the liver, spleen and stomach

celiac trunk

two superficial veins of the arm

cephalic & basilic

What portion of the brain is served by the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

cerebral hemispheres or cerebrum

supplies the distal area of the large intestine

common hepatic artery

supplies the duodenum and the stomach

common hepatic artery

join to form the inferior vena cava

common iliac

these arteries supply the myocardium

coronary

serves the posterior thigh

deep femoral

artery on the dorsum of the foot checked after leg surgery

dorsalis pedis

major artery serving the tissues external to the skull

external carotid

drains the scalp

external jugular vein

what the external iliac artery becomes on entry into the thigh

femoral

three veins serving the leg

fibular, anterior tibial, posterior tibial

longest vein in the lower limb

greater saphenous

veins draining the liver

hepatic

artery that supplies the distal half of the large intestine

inferior mesenteric

two paired arteries serving the brain

internal carotid & vertebral

drains the pelvic organs

internal iliac

supplies the pelvic structures

internal iliac artery

supplies the diaphragm

phrenic

carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

pulmonary trunk

artery generally used to take the pulse at the wrist

radial

artery serving the kidney

renal

artery that does not anastomose

renal artery

supplies the kidneys

renal artery

Trace the pathway of a carbon dioxide gas molecule in the blood from the inferior vena cava until it leaves the bloodstream. Name all structures (vessels, heart chambers, and others) passed through en route: Inferior Vena Cava

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, right or left pulmonary artery, lobar artery, pulmonary capillary beds in lungs, air sacs of lungs

drains the upper extremities, deep vein

subclavian vein

supplies most of the small intestine

superior mesenteric

Receives blood from all area superior from the diaphragm, except the heart wall

superior vena cava

most superficial tunic

tunica externa

innermost tunic

tunica interna

its smooth surface decreases resistance to blood flow

tunica interna

tunic(s) of capillaries

tunica interna

tunic(s) of arteries and veins

tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

bulky middle tunic contains smooth muscle and elastin

tunica media

is especially thick in elastic arteries

tunica media