ASD

Which of the following interventions is based on Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory and demonstrates that behaviors which are regarded are more likely to be repeated than behaviors that are ignored?

ABA

Which of these is an example of a need in the area of conversational strategies for a person with ASD?

Difficulties recognizing the need for clarification

According to the PECS IEP objectives, at what stage is the following objective? Given access to communication book and randomly asked "What do you see?" and "What do you want?" S will answer by constructing sentence strip with correct "I see" or "I want" Sentence Starter plus noun picture and give strip to trainer.

Stage VI

Classrooms and work spaces that are highly structured, using specific areas, schedules, and work systems, are typically based on information from which approach?

TEACCH

When considering schedules, what does the phrase, Reference for functional language mean?

The client should refer to the schedule to help them understand and talk about the session.

Research has shown that: a. No one intervention approach is equally effective for all individuals with AS b. Intervention can improve developmental but not behavioral deficits c. Intervention must occur in a natural setting in order to be successful d. Group therapy is more effective than individual treatment sessions

a. No one intervention approach is equally effective for all individuals with AS

"Shifting gaze between people and objects" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of: a. Joint attention b. Social reciprocity c. Language and related cognitive skills d. Behavior and emotional regulation e. Not an appropriate goal for ASD

a. joint attention

Which of the following is not a role of a SLP working with individuals with ASD? a. Making decisions about the management of ASD. b. Providing individual with exercises to improve posture in order to ensure optimal positioning during speech therapy. c. Educating other professionals who provide services for individuals with ASD. d. Providing families and other caregivers with information and strategies to help their loved one communicate.

b. Providing individual with exercises to improve posture in order to ensure optimal positioning during speech therapy.

"Maintaining conversational exchanges with a balance between comments and requests for information" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of: a. Joint attention b. Social reciprocity c. Language and related cognitive skills d. Behavior and emotional regulation e. Not an appropriate goal for ASD

b. Social reciprocity

Which therapy approach is the "least restrictive" or most child-based (vs. SLP based)? a. Discrete Trial Training (DTT) b. Incidental Teaching (IT) c. PROMPT d. Floortime e. Social stories

d. Floortime

According to ASHA (2015), Essential outcomes focus on improvements in social communication that affect the individual's ability to _____________________, _____________________, and _______________________ .

develop relationships, function effectively, and actively participate in everyday life.

According to ASHA, The goal of intervention is to improve social communication and other language skills and modify behaviors to be better able to ___________________, function effectively in __________________________, and actively participate in __________________________ .

develop relationships; social settings; everyday life

For clients with ASD, what would be a concern as it relates to semantics?

figures of speech

"Recognizing and describing emotional states of self and others" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of ____________

joint attention

"Shifting gaze between people and objects" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of ___________

joint attention

"Understanding sequences of events in stories" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of ________________

language and related cognitive skills

Andrew is a 4-year-old boy with ASD who was referred to LCC by his pediatrician. Andrew had a typical birth and development was within normal limits for motor skills and the major milestones of sitting, standing, and walking. At age 3 he was described as low tone with awkward motor skills and inconsistent imitation skills. His communication development was delayed; he began using some vocalizations at 3 months of age but had developed no words by 3 years. At present he communicates primarily by reaching for the communication partner's hand and placing it on a desired object. He does attempt the sign "more" inconsistently when prompted but his motor imitation is poor. He communicates protest by pushing items or people away. His attention and response are good in structured activities and he is beginning to anticipate and take turns but does not imitate. He gets frustrated when he is not understood. What area appears to be in the greatest need?

language and related cognitive skills

How does the SORF define "sticky attention?"

the child does not shift gaze away from available objects

Andrew is a 4-year-old boy with ASD who was referred to LCC by his pediatrician. Andrew had a typical birth and development was within normal limits for motor skills and the major milestones of sitting, standing, and walking. At age 3 he was described as low tone with awkward motor skills and inconsistent imitation skills. His communication development was delayed; he began using some vocalizations at 3 months of age but had developed no words by 3 years. At present he communicates primarily by reaching for the communication partner's hand and placing it on a desired object. He does attempt the sign "more" inconsistently when prompted but his motor imitation is poor. He communicates protest by pushing items or people away. His attention and response are good in structured activities and he is beginning to anticipate and take turns but does not imitate. He gets frustrated when he is not understood. What interventions appear to be most appropriate at this time for communication?

PECS & DTT

What informal assessment uses the following materials: magazines, bells, pencil?

Pragmatic Protocol

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a broad term that originated well before its application to ASD. Which of the following not an example of an intervention that utilizes or supports ABA?

SCERTS

An informal test for theory of mind is ________.

Sally Anne Test

According to the PECS IEP objectives, at what stage is the following objective? Upon seeing 2 reinforcing items and with the communication book available with those pictures on it, S will request that item by giving communicative partner one picture and then selecting corresponding item when then told "Go ahead, take it."

Stage III

FILL IN THE BLANK: According to ASHA, it is important to differentiate between ASD and social communication disorder. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) will be [BLANK] in making this [BLANK] diagnosis and ensuring that individuals with ASD and those with social communication disorders gain access to services. a. Instrumental/differential b. Critical/differential c. Central/social d. Instrumental/social

a. Instrumental/differential

ASHA says, Regardless of the presence or absence of difficulties acquiring the form and content of language, all individuals with ASD are eligible for speech-language pathology services due to the pervasive nature of the social communication impairment. a. True b. False c. ASHA did not say this

a. True

Understanding sequences of events in stories" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of: a. Joint attention b. Social reciprocity c. Language and related cognitive skills d. Behavior and emotional regulation e. Not an appropriate goal for ASD

c. Language and related cognitive skills

In DTT, the notation "C" stands for:

consequence

A discrete trial is made up of all of the following items EXCEPT?

positioning

In intellectual assessments (cognition), what are typical findings for people with ASD?

recalling info is a strength

According to Jane Wegner (author of slide on ASD & AAC), there are 4 critical elements when considering AAC for ASD. Which was NOT included in those 4?

vocab for common terms

According to the PECS IEP objectives, at what stage is the following objective? When given a "wait card," S will sit/stand quietly and occupy self with manipulative/interactive toy (not highly reinforcing item).

wait

The diagnostic tool specific to autism that is considered the "gold standard" is:

ADOS

What are some of the pivotal behaviors in PRT? a. Motivation, emotional regulation b. Motivation, behavior-management c. Multiple exemplars, self-initiations d. Self-initiations, respond to multiple cues E. Self-management, peer-initiations

ALL Behaviors: Motivation, respond to multiple cues, self-management, self initiations d. Self-initiations, respond to multiple cues

A predictor of and essential skill for language in children with ASD is a. reciprocity b. play c. cognition d. joint attention e. speech

d. joint attention

A client who is able to find a picture card representing a desired item, place it on a sentence strip ("I want ________.") and then give it to an adult to request that item, is likely to be at what phase of the PECS Program? a. phase 1 b. phase II c. phase III d. phase IV --? e. phase V

d. phase IV --?

Which type of sentence in a Social Story tells "what or how to do" something?

directive

Which is NOT a Red Flag for an early indicator of Autism Spectrum Disorder? a. Not respond to name b. Not point at objects c. Tend to use jargon d. Fail to look at others, abnormal eye contact, or inappropriate eye gaze. e. All are indicators

e. All are indicators

One of the things that Social Thinking teaches individuals to do is: a. Communication and social skills b. Abstract thinking skills c. The behaviors that make others feel bad and good d. Entry skills e. All of the above

e. All of the above

FILL IN THE BLANKS: Because formal assessment tools may not accurately detect problems in the social use of language and communication, eligibility for special education services may need to be based on ________ _________ and more _______, ___________ measures.

clinical judgement...informall, observational

According to Jane Wegner (author of the slide "ASD & AAC", when implementing AAC, it is critical to focus on ______________ not the system.

communication

According to ASHA, an early, accurate diagnosis of ASD can (a) help families and caregivers access appropriate __________, (b) provide a common ____________ across interdisciplinary teams, and (c) establish a ___________ to help families and caregivers understand the child's difficulties.

(a) services, (b) language (c) framework

One of the things that Social Thinking teaches individuals to do is:

-Abstract thinking skills -Entry skills -The behaviors that make others feel bad and good -Communication and social skills

When is DTT best to use?

-When a skill cannot be achieved incidentally -When a skill is a precursor to other skills

Andrew is a 4-year-old boy with ASD who was referred to LCC by his pediatrician. Andrew had a typical birth and development was within normal limits for motor skills and the major milestones of sitting, standing, and walking. At age 3 he was described as low tone with awkward motor skills and inconsistent imitation skills. His communication development was delayed; he began using some vocalizations at 3 months of age but had developed no words by 3 years. At present he communicates primarily by reaching for the communication partner's hand and placing it on a desired object. He does attempt the sign "more" inconsistently when prompted but his motor imitation is poor. He communicates protest by pushing items or people away. His attention and response are good in structured activities and he is beginning to anticipate and take turns but does not imitate. He gets frustrated when he is not understood. -What interventions appear to be most appropriate at this time for communication? a. Discrete Trial Training (DTT) & Social Stories b. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) & Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) c. PECS & DTT d. Schedules & Sensory Integration e. Social Thinking & CBT -What area appears to be in the greatest need? f. Joint attention g. Social reciprocity h. Language and related cognitive skills i. Behavior and emotional regulation j. None of the above

-c. PECS & DTT -h. Language and related cognitive skills

ASD can be reliably diagnosed as early as age _________ by experienced and knowledgeable diagnosticians.

24 months

According to ASHA guidelines. ASD can reliably be diagnosed by experienced and knowledgeable diagnosticians as early as _______________. a. 12 months b. 24 months c. 16 months d. 36 months

24 months

What is the sequence of most to least restrictive prompts?

modeling, visual, gesture

According to this week's lecture, under which category does discrete trial training fall?

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)

"Central coherence" is related, but not identical, to ______.

Attention

According to ASHA, assessment may result in all of the following EXCEPT:

Except: a. prognosis for development and progress Result in: b. description of the characteristics and severity of communication-related symptoms c. recommendations for intervention, priorities and goals, and supports d. referral to other professionals for further testing if other disorders/conditions are suspected or for additional data to confirm the diagnosis of ASD

Which of the following statements is FALSE, according to ASHA?

FALSE: a. The core characteristics of ASD are culturally universal TRUE: b. Cultural and linguistic variables may contribute to disparity of diagnoses of ASD. c. Cultural and linguistic factors may impact how a family views services for ASD. d. Use of silence and eye contact are variations across cultures that need to be taken into consideration when assessing ASD across cultures.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

False: Use is more intact than form. True: -Content is more intact than use. -Comprehension is the most impaired area of language for clients with ASD. -Use is more intact than form.

What are some of the pivotal behaviors in PRT?

Self-initiations, respond to multiple cues

In the ASHA Goals, skills related to social reciprocity include: a. Responding to bids for interaction initiated by others, attempt to repair breakdowns, and having conversations that are sensitive to the social context b. Initiating bids for interaction, social orienting, and understanding nonverbal communication c. Understanding nonverbal communication, understanding and using intonation cues to express emotional states, and providing responses to bids from others d. Regulating one's emotional state, understanding nonverbal communication, and taking turns in conversation

a. Responding to bids for interaction initiated by others, attempt to repair breakdowns, and having conversations that are sensitive to the social context

The SLP is authorized to diagnose ASD as an independent professional if there is no interdisciplinary team available AND: a. They have been trained in the reliable and valid use of diagnostic and assessment tools as well as in the clinical criteria for ASD b. They hold an ASD certificate from an accredited institution c. They agree on the diagnosis with the child's pediatrician d. None of the above

a. They have been trained in the reliable and valid use of diagnostic and assessment tools as well as in the clinical criteria for ASD

Following a diagnosis of ASD, ongoing assessment focusing on the skills most essential for social and communication development is conducted to do all of the following EXCEPT: a. determine an individual's current profile of academic skills, b. identify priority learning objectives within natural communication contexts, c. examine the influence of the communication partner d. examine the influence of the environment on communication competence.

a. determine an individual's current profile of academic skills,

Which of the following, according to ASHA, is NOT typically included in treatment for individuals with ASD?

achieving high levels of accuracy on discrete skills

In Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA), what are the most common 4 functions of behavior?

attention, escape, tangible, sensory

According to the DSM-5, individuals who meet the specified criteria are given the diagnosis of "autism spectrum disorder (ASD)" with one of three levels of severity. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Level of severity is defined in terms of the amount of support needed in the area of social communication and with restricted, repetitive behaviors b. Level of severity remains constant over context and time c. Severity ratings are used for descriptive purposes only and not to diagnose Severity ratings are not used to determine eligibility for services

b. Level of severity remains constant over context and time - incorrect

What intervention program begins with teaching a child to exchange a picture of a desired item with a therapist, teacher, parent, etc., who will immediately honor the request? a. Functional Communication Training (FCT) b. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) c. Milieu Teaching d. Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) e. Picture Communication Symbols (PCS)

b. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Which of the following interventions is based on Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory and demonstrates that behaviors which are regarded are more likely to be repeated than behaviors that are ignored? a. Antecedent Intervention b. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) c. Hanen Program d. ILAUGH e. Social Thinking

b. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Which type of sentence in a Social Story tells "what or how to do" something? a. Descriptive b. Directive c. Demanding d. Control e. Command

b. Directive

In a public elementary school, a six-year-old boy with ASD would not join groups and threw himself on the floor, lashing out at other children and furniture if asked to join a group. The most immediate and appropriate approach for this behavior is: a. Floor Time therapy b. Functional communication therapy c. Cognitive behavioral therapy d. Social Thinking therapy

b. Functional communication therapy

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act's (IDEA) definition of autism lists these as characteristics often associated with autism: a. Engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, constant talking, and resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines. b. Usual responses to sensory experiences and resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines. c. Engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines and unusual responses to sensory experiences. d. Engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, frequent participation in activities with peers, and unusual responses to sensory experiences.

c. Engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines and unusual responses to sensory experiences.

"Engaging in representational play" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of: a. Joint attention b. Social reciprocity c. Language and related cognitive skills d. Behavior and emotional regulation e. Not an appropriate goal for ASD

c. Language and related cognitive skills

In Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA), what are the most common 4 functions of behavior? a. attention, escape, desire, organic b. escape, homeostatic, sensory, hunger c. attention, escape, tangible, sensory d. sensory, boredom, attention, escape

c. attention, escape, tangible, sensory

According to ASHA, the diagnostic evaluation for individuals at risk for ASD typically includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. relevant case history b. a medical evaluation c. genetic information (genetic testing is only sometimes included) d. a comprehensive speech and language assessment e. all are included- I think its this one but I might be wrong -Ghaida

c. genetic information (genetic testing is only sometimes included) e. all are included- I think its this one but I might be wrong -Ghaida

"Maintaining eye contact with a conversational partner for 6 consecutive minutes" is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of: a. Joint attention b. Social reciprocity c. Language and related cognitive skills d. Behavior and emotional regulation e. Not an appropriate goal for ASD

e. Not an appropriate goal for ASD

Empirical evidence has shown that an Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) can be effective for many children with autism. Which of the following not an example of an intervention that utilizes this approach to intervention? a. Discrete Trial Training (DTT) b. Incidental teaching c. Pivotal Response Training d. PECS e. SCERTS

e. SCERTS

Which therapy approach is the "least restrictive" or most client-based (vs. SLP based)?

floortime

What type of reinforcer is the most difficult to fade?

food

In a public elementary school, a six-year-old boy with ASD would not join groups and threw himself on the floor, lashing out at other children and furniture if asked to join a group. The most immediate and appropriate approach for this behavior is:

functional communication therapy

What are the 4 non-verbal coordinated communication patterns examined in the SORF?

gaze, facial expressions, gestures, and sounds

Enacting social sequences in a representational manner by incorporating themes or modifications introduced by others is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of ___________

language and related cognitive skills

Recognizing and attempting to repair breakdowns in communication is an example of a goal based on the core challenge of ___________

social reciprocity