ASTRONOMY 1 -TOP HAT QUESTIONS AND HW QUESTIONS

Besides adding adaptive optics to a telescope, what else can be done to reduce the effects of seeing? A. Build a larger telescope. B. Increase the integration time. C. Use a reflecting telescope instead of a refracting telescope. D. Put the telescope at a higher altitude (the height above sea level).

D. Put the telescope at a higher altitude (the height above sea level).

As wavelength increases, the energy of a photon _______ and its frequency _______

Decreases; Decreases

You see the Moon rising, just as the Sun is setting. What phase is the Moon in? A. first quarter B. waning crescent C. new D. third quarter E. full

E. full

Rank the following in order of increasing size: Virgo Supercluster, Local Group, Milky way, Earth, Universe, Sun, Solar System

Earth, Sun, Solar System, Local Group, Virgo Supercluster, Universe

Which of the following indicates the fastest approaching object (blueshifted)?

0.06 nm

What is the length of time it takes light to go from: Moon to Earth Earth to Sun Pluto to the nearest star Across the way of the Milky Way Galaxy

1.2 SEC 8.5 MIN 4.3 YEARS 100,000 YEARS

The average distance of Mars from the Sun is 1.4 AU. How bright is the Sun on Mars compared to the its brightness on

1.4 times brighter

According to the scientific method, choose all of the following statements that are correct. Choose one or more: A. A theory has a higher probability of accurately modeling a natural phenomenon than a hypothesis does. B. Only those theories that most people believe in should be assumed as correct. Theories that are met by skepticism by the majority of the population are more likely to be wrong. C. All theories have enough supporting evidence behind them that we can move forward under the assumption that they are correct unless some future test proves that this is not the case. D. A theory is just a guess, and it must be met with skepticism. E. Once a hypothesis becomes a theory, it is very well established and no longer needs to be tested.

A & C

which shows how someone on Earth can view Jupiter's moon's eclipses when Earth is closer to or farther from Jupiter, and determine which of the following are correct. A. If light has infinite speed, an eclipse would be seen to happen at the same time regardless of how far away Earth is from Jupiter. B. If light has finite speed, an eclipse would be seen to happen at a later time when Earth is closer to Jupiter than when it is farther away from Jupiter. C. If light has finite speed, it would take longer for it to travel from Jupiter to Earth when Earth is farther from Jupiter.

A & C

A lunar eclipse occurs when the ________ shadow falls on the ________. A. Earth's; Moon B. Moon's; Earth C. Sun's; Earth D. Sun's; Moon

A. Earth's; Moon

Why is the Hubble Space Telescope in space instead of on the ground? A. It observes in the UV. B. It's closer to things it's observing. C. It avoids atmospheric distortion. D. It has higher angular resolution.

A. It observes in the UV. C. It avoids atmospheric distortion.

What are the two pieces of information that must be considered to explain the seasons? A. The Sun rises earlier and sets later in July in the Northern Hemisphere. B. Earth is closer to the Sun in January. C. The Moon comes between Earth and the Sun more often in January. D. Sunlight is more concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere in July.

A. The Sun rises earlier and sets later in July in the Northern Hemisphere. D. Sunlight is more concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere in July.

If you had a telescope with the same-sized lens (and same focal length) as the human eye, what would be the benefit of taking an exposure of a steady light source with an integration time of 10 seconds? A. The light source would appear brighter in the image. B. The light source would appear larger in the image (higher magnification). C. There would be no benefit, because the dimensions of the telescope are the same as those of the human eye. D. The resolution of the image would be better.

A. The light source would appear brighter in the image.

All large astronomical telescopes are reflectors because A. chromatic aberration is minimized. B. they can be shorter. C. they require less maintenance. D. they are not as heavy. E. they retain better picture quality despite minor accidents.

A. chromatic aberration is minimized. B. they can be shorter. D. they are not as heavy.

Improved resolution is helpful to astronomers because it enables them to view Choose one or more: A. many objects close together. B. very distant objects. C. small features of an object. D. The motion of objects through space

A. many objects close together. B. very distant objects. C. small features of an object.

Which of the following terms define locations that are the same for everyone? A. north celestial pole B. meridian C. zenith D. horizon E. nadir F. celestial equator G. ecliptic

A. north celestial pole F. celestial equator G. ecliptic

The cosmological principal states that: A. on a large scale, the universe is the same anywhere at a given time. B. the universe is the same at all times C. our location is special D. all of the above are correct

A. on a large scale, the universe is the same everywhere at a given time

All large astronomical telescopes are reflectors because: A. they are not as heavy. B. they retain better picture quality despite minor accidents. C. they require less maintenance. D. they can be shorter. E. chromatic aberration is minimized.

A. they are not as heavy. D. they can be shorter. E. chromatic aberration is minimized.

pupil retina optic nerve lense iris

Aperture CCD Wiring a computer Obj. lense

Telescope Def: Aperture Resolution Focal Length Chromatic Diffraction interferometer

Aperture- Diameter Resolution- ability to distinguish objects that appear close together in the sky Focal Length- distance from lens to focal plane Chromatic- rainbow making effect Diffraction- smearing effect due to sharp edge Interferometer- several telescopes connected to act as one

How can ground-based telescopes equipped with adaptive optics yield images as detail-rich as those from old space missions? A. Adaptive optics determines the type of light emitted from an object and generates an image from it. B. Adaptive optics removes the blurring effects of the atmosphere by compensating for temperature differences in the atmosphere that distort light. C. Adaptive optics combines hundreds of images in order to create one really good image. D. Adaptive optics compensates for the vibrations within the building the telescope is housed in.

B. Adaptive optics removes the blurring effects of the atmosphere by compensating for temperature differences in the atmosphere that distort light.

How does the spectrum of a distant star reveal the star's chemical composition? A. The type of light that is being produced the most within the spectrum of a star is directly related to its chemical composition. B. Dark lines, also called absorption lines, within the spectra are "fingerprints" for the different atoms and molecules within a star's atmosphere. C. The total energy of light received from a star, as determined by its spectrum, is directly related to its chemical composition. D. The chemical composition of a star determines how bright the star appears to be and, in turn, how much of the spectrum is received.

B. Dark lines, also called absorption lines, within the spectra are "fingerprints" for the different atoms and molecules within a star's atmosphere.

Which is not true about the vernal and autumnal equinoxes? A. The Sun is located on the celestial equator. B. The motion of the stars in the sky on the equinoxes is different than on other days. C. Every place on Earth has 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. D. The Sun rises due east and sets due west.

B. The motion of the stars in the sky on the equinoxes is different than on other days.

Why don't we see cars as bluer when they approach and redder when they recede? A. We are too far away from them. B. They are too slow. C. Our eyes can't distinguish between red and blue. D. They are too small.

B. They are too slow.

Imagine two objects moving away from you. Object A is faster than object B. You will observe that the light Choose one: A. from both objects is blueshifted. B. from both objects is redshifted. C. from the faster object is redshifted, but the light from the slower object is blueshifted.

B. from both objects is redshifted.

Which of the following portions of the EM spectrum can be observed easily from the ground? Choose one or more: A. X-ray light B. visible light C. UV light D. gamma radiation E. radio waves

B. visible light C. UV light E. radio waves

When you look at the sky on a dark night and see stars of different colors, which are the hottest?

Blue

Rank each color of the rainbow by how much energy is carried by its electromagnetic waves (highest to lowest): Yellow, Orange, Blue, Red

Blue, Yellow, Orange, Red

The resolution of radio telescopes suffers greatly from the large wavelengths of the light they are observing. What can be done to a radio telescope to improve its angular resolution? A. Fit it with adaptive optics. B. Increase the integration time. C. Make its dish bigger. D. Put it in space.

C. Make its dish bigger.

Space telescopes that exist in orbit above most of Earth's atmosphere are expensive, so they must therefore be supported with a very compelling motivation. If you were trying to justify funding for a space telescope in orbit around the Earth, which of the following would be the best argument to use? A. The telescope would be able to observe 24 hours a day. B. The telescope would avoid the effects of atmospheric seeing. C. The telescope could observe wavelengths of light that are not visible from the ground. D. The telescope would be physically closer to astronomical objects.

C. The telescope could observe wavelengths of light that are not visible from the ground

Where on Earth can you stand and, over the entire year, see the entire sky? A. at either pole B. only at the North Pole C. at the equator D. anywhere

C. at the equator

How might you improve your chances of detecting the motion of light if it moves at finite speed? A. move closer to the light source B. increase the brightness of the light source C. move farther away from the light source D. change the color of the light source

C. move farther away from the light source

The advantage of an interferometer is that: A. diffraction effects are dramatically decreased. B. the light-gathering power is dramatically increased. C. the resolution is dramatically increased. D. the focal length is dramatically increased. E. chromatic aberration is dramatically decreased.

C. the resolution is dramatically increased.

Out of the following which are NOT scientific hypotheses? animals moving the rock the wind magnetic field God a human pushing the rock gravity on the slope magic ghosts flowing water

God, Magic & Ghosts

Radio vs. Gamma Waves

Radio waves (10-11) are more together and dense Gamma (1) waves are more spread apart

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection meets all the criteria of a scientific theory. This means

Scientific opinion is about evenly split as to whether evolution really happened.

Which of the following is the biggest disadvantage of putting a telescope in space?

Space telescopes are much more expensive than similar ground-based telescopes.

Which of the following is not an advantage of CCD cameras over photographic plates?

The integration time can be longer.

Put in order from start of winter to the start of Fall Winter Solstice, Autumnal Equinox , Vernal Equinox, Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice, Vernal Equinox, Summer Solstice, Autumn Equinox

If Earth's axis were tilted by 45° instead of its actual tilt (23.5°), how would the seasons be different than they are currently?

Winters would be colder.

Order these terms from highest altitude to lowest Horizon, North Celestial Pole, Zenith, Highest Point of Celestial Equator

Zenith, North Celestial Pole, Highest Point of Celestial Equator, Horizon

When you see a pattern in nature, it is usually evidence of:

an underlying physical law

When objects get really hot, they turn

blue

No matter your location on Earth, stars appear to rotate about a point called the

celestial pole

Which is NOT a reason that all large astronomical telescopes are reflectors:

chromatic aberration is minimized.

Moon Phases

new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent

If the star Polaris has an altitude of 35°, then we know that

our latitude is 35 degrees north.

Know where the North Celestial Pole, South Celestial Pole, Celestial Equator, and Ecliptic are located

pic on phone

On the EM spectrum: A. Visible light B. Radio C. Ultra violet D. Infrared E. X-rays F. Gamma

pic on phone

The scientific method is a process by which scientists

prove theories to be known facts.

Focal Plane, Objective Lense, Focal Length

see pic on phone

Neon, Sodium, Mercury, Helium

see pic on phone

The resolving power:

the ability for a telescope to distinguish two light sources as separate from each other

Which of the following is not an advantage of CCD cameras over photographic plates?

the integration time can be longer

Spacecraft are the most effective way to study planets in our Solar System because:

they can collect more information than is available just from images from Earth.