Astronomy 5-8

If the distance to a star was suddenly cut in half, how many times brighter would the star appear?

4

Which of the following parts of the formal definition of a planet does Pluto fail to meet?

It has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit

Star A is 200 times brighter than star B. How many times hotter is Star A than Star B?

E = σ T4 (Ratio problem) E = 200 x's bigger T = (E) ^ (1/4) = 200 ^ (1/4) = 3.76

Star A is 3 times hotter than Star B. How many times brighter is Star A than Star B?

E = σ T4 (Ratio problem) T = 3 x's bigger E = (3)4 = 81 x's bigger 81

The discovery of _________ prompted astronomers to reconsider whether Pluto should really be called a planet.

Eris

The appearance of Earth's moon is nearly identical to ...

Mercury

1 / 1 pts Two stars in the sky give off the same amount of total energy, but Star A appears 121 times fainter in our night sky than Star B. How many times farther away is Star A than Star B?

11

Which cities would be covered with water if the Greenland Ice Sheet melted completely?

Miami and Amsterdam

If the Sun were suddenly moved 4 times closer to Earth, how many times brighter would it be?

16

The largest mountain in the solar system is ...

Olympus Mons

If the Sun was moved farther away and suddenly appeared 4 times fainter in the sky, how many times further away would it be?

2

The gas in the solar nebula began at a temperature of about ....

2000 K

If the Sun were suddenly moved 5 times further away. How many times fainter would it be?

25

The freezing point of water corresponds to ...

273 K

Why doesn't Mars have active volcanoes today?

the planet lost its internal heat to cold space

The moon Titan is special because....

the surface is covered in water ice

Jupiter weighs roughly ....

twice as much as all the other planets combined

Which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?

ultraviolet

Our atmosphere acts like a filter, which blocks ....

ultraviolet and infrared light

The UBVR filters used in astronomy correspond to what colors of light?

ultraviolet, blue, green, and red

The "v" in "V filter" stands for ...

visual

The surface of the moon contains geologic evidence for ___________ on the moon in the past.

volcanoes

Which of the following factors are used to determine an ideal observatory location? (Select all that apply.)

weather,seeing,elevation,light pollution

What is the peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 10,250 K?(Submit your answer in nanometers. Remember 1nm = 10-9 m)

282.9

Star A is 2.5 times hotter than Star B. How many times brighter is Star A than Star B?

39.1

During the Tunguska Event, people were thrown 20 feet through the air, even though they were ________ away from the explosion.

40 miles

What is the temperature of a star (in Kelvin) if its peak wavelength is 150 nm (that is, 150 x 10^-9 m)?

19,333

An an object gets hotter, it will ....

quickly get brighter

Which color of visible light has the longest wavelength?

red

A planet will keep a large atmosphere if it _________ or __________.

cold, ton of gravity

The best time to observe the moon to see its crater is during a ....

crescent moon

The bright circles around impact craters are called ...

ejecta

In order for an electron to move from one orbit to another, it must ...

emit or absorb light

A gas particle will escape a planet's atmosphere if it moves faster than the ...

escape speed

Higher temperatures make the make microscopic atoms and molecules move __________.

faster

An explosion the size of the Tunguska Event is likely to happen every ....

few centuries

As the wavelength of a light wave gets bigger, the frequency ...

gets smaller

What factor most helps the Earth maintain a relatively constant temperature?

greenhouse gases

The Jovian planets are composed mostly of _______ and _________.

hydrogen and helium

How can you increase the resolution of a telescope?

increase the aperture/size of the telescope

Mercury gets incredibly hot and incredibly cold because ...

it does not have an atmosphere.

When we look at the stars in the sky, we see them as they were ....

many years ago

Light is so fast that it could go all the way around the earth 7 times in ....

one second

Where did the oxygen in our atmosphere come from?

photosynthesis of living organisms

As you move farther away from a light source, its brightness will decrease at a rate ...

proportional to the distance squared

The surface of the moon is covered with a fine powder of pulverized rock called...

regolith

Which of the following technologies use radio waves? (Select all that apply)

televisions,GPS,cell phones

The exact wavelength of the spectral lines of a gas cloud are determined by ...

the energy levels of the electrons within the gas cloud

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 350 nm, but astronomers on earth observer that is has been shifted by 2.25 nm. Then how fast is the star moving relative to the earth?

Δλ / λ = v / c λ = 350 mmΔλ = 2.25 nmc = 300,000,000 m/s v = c * Δλ / λ v = 300,000,000 * (2.25 / 350) = 1,928,571 m/s

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 550 nm, then what peak wavelength is observed when the star is traveling 150,000 m/s away from the Earth.

Δλ / λ = v / c λ = 550 nmv = 150,000 m/sc = 300,000,000 m/s Δλ = λ * v / c Δλ = 550 * (150,000 / 300,000,000) = 0.275 Since Δλ is the change in lambda, this must be added or subtracted from the original λ. Since the star is moving away, it must be added. So, the answer is 550 nm + 0.275 nm = 550.275 nm

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 660 nm, but astronomers on earth observer that is has been shifted by 0.001 nm. Then how fast is the star moving relative to the earth?

Δλ / λ = v / c λ = 660 mmΔλ = 0.001 nmc = 300,000,000 m/s v = c * Δλ / λ v = 300,000,000 * (0.001 / 660) = 454 m/s

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 725 nm, then what peak wavelength is observed when the star is traveling 800,000 m/s toward the Earth.

Δλ / λ = v / c λ = 725 nmv = 800,000 m/sc = 300,000,000 m/s Δλ = λ * v / c Δλ = 725 * (800,000 / 300,000,000) = 1.93 Since Δλ is the change in lambda, this must be added or subtracted from the original λ. Since the star is moving toward, it must be subtracted (blueshift). So, the answer is 725 nm - 1.93 nm = 723.07 nm

How many millimeters will a 17 mm wavelength radiowave be shifted if the source is traveling away from the observer at 12,000,000 m/s?

λ / λ = v / c λ = 17 mmv = 12,000,000 m/sc = 300,000,000 m/s Δλ = λ * v / c Δλ = 17 * (12,000,000 / 300,000,000) = 0.68 Since Δλ is the change in lambda, this would be the amount that the radio wave is shifted. So the answer to this question is simply 0.68 mm.

What is the temperature of a star (in Kelvin) if its peak wavelength is 425 nm?

λmax = 0.0029 / T T = 0.0029 / λmax = 0.0029 / (425 x 10 ^ -9) (be sure to use parentheses around the wavelength value) T = 6823 K 6,823

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 830 nm, but astronomers on earth observer that is has been shifted by 3.2 nm. Then how fast is the star moving relative to the earth?

1,156,626.506

What is the peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 2500 K? (Submit your answer in nanometers. Remember 1nm = 10-9 m)

1,160

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 1375 nm, then what peak wavelength is observed when the star is traveling 975,000 m/s away from the Earth.

1,379.4688

Star A is 10,000 times brighter than Star B. How many times hotter is Star A than Star B?

10

Two stars in the sky give off the same amount of total energy, but Star A appears 100 times fainter in our night sky than Star B. How many times farther away is Star A than Star B?

10

Star A is 3.2 times hotter than Star B. How many times brighter is Star A than Star B?

104.9

What is the temperature of a star (in Kelvin) if its peak wavelength is 550 nm (that is, 550 x 10^-9 m)?

5,272.7

What is the peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 5300 K?(Submit your answer in nanometers. Remember 1nm = 10-9 m)

547

Two stars in the sky give off the same amount of total energy, but Star A appears 36 times fainter in our night sky than Star B. How many times farther away is Star A than Star B?

6

What is the typical dynamic range of an astronomical image?

60,000:1

If the peak wavelength of a star at rest is 615 nm, then what peak wavelength is observed when the star is traveling 2,500,000 m/s toward the Earth.

609.875

What is the peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 4,300 K?(Submit your answer in nanometers. Remember 1nm = 10-9 m)

673.9

Two stars in the sky give off the same amount of total energy, but Star A appears 64 times fainter in our night sky than Star B. How many times farther away is Star A than Star B?

8

Regular jpeg images have only 256 "levels" available in each pixel, so they are considered ...

8-bit images

Two stars appear the same brightness in the sky, but Star A is three times farther away than Star B. How many times more energy is Star A giving off than Star B?

9

Why do some astronomers object to the new definition of a planet that was adopted in 2006?

By this definition, Earth, Jupiter, and other planets should not be considered planets.

Match each term with the appropriate definition

Scarp-Raised Ridge on surface Regolith-Pulverized Rock Ray-A bright Line Maria-Smooth Dark Regions Caloris Basin-Very large impact crater Olympus Mons-Largest mountain discovered Mauna Kea-Largest mountain on earth

In the sky, you see a red star and a blue star. Which one is hotter?

The blue star

What initiated the runaway greenhouse effect on Venus?

The gradual warming of the Sun

The _________ for discovering exoplanets looks for tiny dips in light as a planet passes in front of its star.

Transit Method

Which of the following planets in our solar system have rings? (Select all that apply)

Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn

The discovery of light "beyond the rainbow" is attributed to which scientist?

William Herschel

Kirchoff's Laws suggest that absorption lines in a spectrum are caused when ...

You are looking through a cooler gas toward a bright source of background light

Which of the following provides observational evidence that Mars has weather and an atmosphere?

all of the above

Why don't we see the light being emitted by our own bodies?

because our bodies are too cold for us to see the radiation

As an object gets hotter, its spectrum will move toward the _________ end of the spectrum.

blue

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, a larger star will appear _________ than a smaller star of the same temperature.

brighter

On Mercury and the Moon, we notice that larger craters __________ smaller craters.

came before

What molecules dominated the Earth's primordial atmosphere?

carbon dioxide and water vapor