Astronomy Chapter 14 - 14.4

A type of planet that our surveys of exoplanets are revealing around other stars, but we don't have any examples of around the Sun are:

Super-Earth's

The telescope in space that allowed astronomers to find thousands of exoplanets and exoplanet candidates by making very careful measurements during a planet transit was called:

Kepler

One of the best proofs that our theory of how the solar system formed is correct is that astronomers now observe

disks around other stars which show evidence of gaps where planets may be forming

One of the most perplexing issues raised by the discovery of thousands of exoplanets is the existence of "hot Jupiters" - planets with the masses and compositions of Jupiter, but orbiting closer to their stars than Mercury does in our solar system. What is our best idea currently about how such "hot Jupiters" came to be?

hot Jupiters formed further out in their star system, and then migrated inward somehow

The first technique that allowed astronomers to find exoplanets involved:

measuring changes in the radial velocity (Doppler shift) of the star caused by the pull of orbiting planets