Astronomy test 2

The average radius of the earths orbit is

1.0 au

The first successful soft landing on the moon was surveyor 1 in

1966

If the planets are numbered from 1 to 8, going outward from the Sun, the planet mars is number

4

What total force will cause an object with a mass of 1kg to gain 5 meters per second every second?

5 newtons

Which of the following types of objects include things that could reasonably be described as "flying rocks" or "flying mountains?"

Asteroids

Which of the following objects would be most likely to have a long elliptical orbit that takes it from far outside the orbit of mars to a close approach to the sun?

Comet

Which of the following planets or moons has an atmosphere whose temperature and pressure permit all three forms of water?

Earth

Which of the following objects has no magnetic field at all?

Earths moon

Which of these planets has a solar day that is very close to an earth day in length?

Mars

Which of the following planets can be said to have almost no atmosphere

Mercury

Which of these Mars rovers has been operating on the surface of mars for fourteen years so far?

Opportunity

The first space probe to place a robotic rover on the surface of Mars was

Pathfinder

The capture theory in which our moon forms desperately and is captured by earth became popular when computer models showed that such a capture would have been possible

The capture theory was dropped partly because it predicts it predicts that the moon should have hydrated rocks and it does not

When newton calculated the magnitude of the acceleration of earths moon relative to the earth, and compared it to the acceleration of falling objects on the surface of the earth, he found that

The moons acceleration was smaller

Why couldn't we just fly a space shuttle to the moon for at least a fly-by?

The space shuttle did not have enough fuel to reach escape velocity

Which of the following planets has no moons at all

Venus

Which of the following planets or moons has an atmosphere with about 90 times the surface of earths

Venus

water ice can be found on all but one of these planets. Which one has no ice?

Venus

A lunar crater is best described as

a circular ring wall surrounding a flat area

the ancient greeks thought that

a heavy object should fall faster than a lighter object because the heavy object is pulled down with more force

In comparison to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, newtons theory of universal gravitation predicted

almost the same motions but with corrections

Mars has

an atmosphere of carbon dioxide with about 1% the surface pressure of Earth's

Space probes often use gravitational slingshot maneuvers. The main purpose of these maneuvers is to

change the direction and speed of the probe without using rockets

At present the distance from the earth to the sun

changes enough to make the intensity of sunlight vary by 6 percent

The currently accepted theory of how the moon formed is the

collision theory

When a space probe uses a gravitational slingshot maneuver, it

comes close to a planet to change the probes speed and direction

The discovery that there is water ice on the moon has motivated many nations to launch moon missions because it

could make a moon base possible

Which of the following objects has no magnetic field at all?

earths moon

The magnetic field of mars is

essentially zero

suppose that a spacecraft is in roughly circular orbit near the surface of the earth, moving at around 5 miles per second. Suppose the spacecraft flips over backwards and fires its rocket engine to slow its speed to 4.95 miles per second. The spacecraft will then

follow an ellipse that descends a bit and then rises again

Freely falling objects with different masses fall with the same acceleration because

gravity exerts more force on the more massive object

Mercury rotates so that it

has a solar day that lasts for two complete orbits around the sun

The force of gravity explains

how the tides work but not how lightning works.

The statement that lunar material is much "dryer" than earth material refers to the absence of

hydrated minerals

The circular structures on the surface of the moon are the result of

impacts

the gravitational attraction of the earths for other objects,

is smaller for objects farther from the earth but never vanishes entirely

The lunar maria are thought to have been cause by ancient

lava flows from large impacts

Which of the following planets can be said to have almost no atmosphere?

mercury

When the rocket engine in a spaceship stops firing, the spaceship keeps moving because

no force stops it

The observed magnetic field of Mercury is surprising because it was expected to have

no magnetic field at all because it rotates so slowly

The phase diagram for water is presented on a graph with axes for temperature and

pressure

The earths magnetic field plays an essential role in

protecting the earth from charged from the sun

A full cycle of day and night is called sol. In terms of 24 hours earth days, a martian sol is

slightly longer than one day

Since the last Apollo mission to the moon and the last soviet LUNA sample-return mission

spacecraft began to be sent there by 1994

An astronomical unit is defined to be

the average distance from earth to the sun

you are standing in an elevator that is accelerating upward at 1m/s2. which of the following pairs of force is an actions-reaction pair that have to be exactly equal and opposite to each other?

the force that the floor of the elevator exerts on you and the force that you exert on the floor of the elevator

Viking 1 and 2 were sent to explore

the planet mars

The moon rotates on its axis so that it always keeps

the same side (its far side) pointed away from the earth

In newton's thoery of gravity, everything is attracted

to every object in the universe

The law of inertia states that a moving object will

keep moving if no force acts on it

As viewed from the star Polaris, Venus

rotates clockwise and goes around the sun counter-clockwise

Apollo 11 made the first

crewed landing on the moon

What total force will cause an object with a mass of 5kg to gain 1 meter per second every second?

50 newtons

suppose that you try to lift by exerting an upward for of 5 newtons on it. If gravity exerts a force of 20 newtons downward on the object, what is the total force on the object?

15 newtons downward

The density of water is 1000kg/m^3, the density of rock is about 3000kg/m^3, and the density of iron is 7800kg/m^3. Which of the following densities is closest to the average density of earth?

5200kg/m^3

The international space station is in a roughly circular orbit near the surface of the earth, moving at around 5 miles per second. Suppose that it is desired to raise it to a new circular orbit, farther from the surface by having a rocket give it one or more short boosts. Which of the following schemes will work?

Increasing its speed to 6 miles per second to put it on a rising path and give it another speed boost when its distance from the earth stops increasing

The Lunar Maria

Large, dark plains formed by volcanic eruptions. Latin for "seas," early astronomers thought these dark areas on the moon were filled with water. 16% of the moon's surface is covered in maria.

Which of the following planets has a moon that rises in the west?

Mars

The current model for the way that planets acquire magnetic fields requires which of the following combinations of things?

Rotation and a core that contains a liquid electrical conductor

The first space probes to land on another planet were from the

Russian Venera series

A book weighing 10 newtons sits on a table. Which of the following pars of forces is an action-reaction pair?

The force that the book exerts on the table and the force that the table exerts on the book

On the present surface of mars water has been confirmed to exist

as ice at the poles and water vapor in the atmosphere

On eart, you might find a temperature of 59 degrees on a spring or fall day in the temperate zone. On mars you might expect that temperature

at noon near the equator

For a planet to have substantial amounts of liquid water on its surface, it must have

atmospheric pressure above the triple point of water

A model in which the moon forms from the same rotating cloud of gas and dust as the earth would predict that the moons orbit should be

in the plane of the earths equator

A model in which the moon forms from the same rotating cloud of gas and dust as the earth would predict that the moons orbit should be

in the planet of the earths equator

The earth moon

is 1/4 the size of earth, which is unusually large for a moon

The moons orbit around the earth

is elliptical enough to give us an annular solar eclipse when the Moon is near its apogee

It is expected that a normal terrestrial planet, with no accidental encounters that could add or subtract moons, should have

no moon

When newtons laws were applied to predict the exact motion of the planet Uranus the prediction failed to agree with every precise measurements. This failure led to the discovery

of the planet Neptune

The earths magnetic field plays an essential role in

protecting the earth from charged particles from the sun

At present (within the last few hundred years) the orbit of the earth around the sun is

slightly elliptical so that the intensity of sunlight varies by 6 percent

It is currently thought that moons typically do not form near

terrestrial planets such as earth and mars

The soviet union had a secret program to put the first human on the moon. This program

test launched their moon rocket several times, but it blew up each time

For an object that is moving along a straight path, the acceleration is

the change in the objects speed divided by the time it takes

If you are told that an object that weighs 20 newtons is raised a distance of 10 meters, you know that

the force of gravity on the object is 20 newtons

Suppose you drop two objects from the same height at the same time. Both objects are heavy enough to be unaffected by air resistance. If one object is twice as heavy as the other, Aristotle would predict that

the heavier object would hit the ground long before the lighter one

If you are told that a 20 kilogram object is raised by 10 meters, you know that

the mass of the object is 20 kilograms

A planet that is following Kepler's laws, accelerates

toward the sun

Mercury rotates so that its sidereal day lasts for

two thirds of a complete orbit around the sun

The law of inertia says that if an object is not acted on by any outside force, its acceleration

will always be zero