ATI Fundamental Practice Questions

A nurse is caring for a client who acquired an infection after touching a faucet that an infected person had touched. Which of the following links in the chain of infection does the faucet represent? A. Reservoir B. Susceptible host C. Portal of entry D. Portal of exit

A. Reservoir

A nurse has accepted a position at a hospital in the state where they live. The nurse should identify that which of the following regulates the nurse's actions when they begin working? A. ANA B. The state Nurse Practice Act C. NSNA D. The national league for nursing

B. The state nurse Practice act

A nurse is caring for a client who requires assistance with ADLs. Which of the following referrals should the nurse recommend for this client? A. Speech therapist B. Physical therapist C. Respiratory therapist D. Occupational therapist

D. Occupational therapists

A nurse is caring for a client who has hypotension. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the client's condition? A. Decrease in contractility B. Increase in blood viscosity C. Decrease in respiratory rate D. Increase in preload

A. Decrease in contractility

A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypertension. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? Select all that apply A. Provide the client with low-sodium meals and snacks B. Encourage the client to participate in physical activity each day C. Instruct the client in the use of relaxation techniques D. Inform the client of the importance of abstaining from using products that contain nicotine. E. Anticipate a prescription for a 1L IV fluid bolus

A, B, C, and D

A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about expected age-related changes. Which of the following statements by a group member indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. " I should expect my heart rate to take longer to return to normal after exercise as I get older." B. " Urinary incontinence is something I will have to live with as I grow older." C. " I can expect to have less ear wax as I get older." D. " My stomach will empty more quickly after meals as I grow older."

A. " I should expect my heart rate to take longer to return to normal after exercise as I get older."

A nurse is caring for a client who reports an improved diet, exercising 30 min a day for 5 days a week, and an overall sense of improved health. The nurse should identify that the client is describing a positive state of health known as which of the following? A. Health promotion B. Disease prevention C. Health outcomes D. Wellness

D. Wellness

A nurse is admitting a client who has measles. Which of the following types of transmission precautions should the nurse initiate? A. Airborne B. Droplet C. Contact D. Protective Environment

A. Airborne Reason: Airborne precautions are required for clients who have infections that spread via droplet nuclei that are smaller than 5 microns in diameter, including varicella, tuberculosis, and measles.

A nurse is caring for a client who has terminal illness. The client is restless and reports severe pain but refuses the prescribed opioid pain medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Ask why the client is refusing the pain medication B. Administer a PRN antianxiety medication C. Help the client change position D. Offer the client a heat or cold pack to place on painful areas.

A. Ask why the client is refusing the pain medication

A nurse is reviewing methods created to assist nurses in using evidence-based practice. Which of the following is a NCBSN model that can assist the nurse with critical thinking and decision making? A. Clinical judgement B. Critical thinking C. Clinical reasoning D. SMART goal

A. Clinical judgement

A nurse is performing the role of case manager for a client. Which of the following actions demonstrates this nursing role? A. Coordinating and overseeing the care the client is receiving B. Helping to develop nursing knowledge for clinical interventions C. Providing knowledgeable and compassionate care to promote health and address illness D. instructing the client on specialized topics such as diabetes care

A. Coordinating and overseeing the care the client is receiving

A nurse is teaching a middle-aged adult client about health promotion and disease prevention. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following changes could occur? A. Decreased estrogen and testosterone production B. Increased tone of the large intestines C. Increased percentage of body's muscle mass D. Decreased incidence of chronic illnesses.

A. Decreased estrogen and testosterone production

A nurse is caring for a client who had a stroke and is immobile. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following conditions? A. Deep vein thrombosis B. Asthma C. Hernia D. Hypertension

A. Deep vein thrombosis

A nurse is caring for a client who has influenza. The client asks how they acquired the infectious agent. The nurse should inform the client that influenza is transmitted by which of the following modes? A. Droplet B. Indirect contact C. Airborne D. Direct contact

A. Droplet

A nurse is admitting a client who has decreased circulation in his left leg. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Evaluate pedal pulses B. Obtain a medical hx C. Measure vital signs D. Assess for leg pain

A. Evaluate pedal pulses

A nurse is preparing to change the bed linens of a client who has AIDS and is incontinent of stool. Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) items should the nurse don prior to providing client care? (Select all that apply) A. Gown B. Gloves C. Mask D. Hair cover E. Goggles

A. Gown B. Gloves Reason: The nurse should follow standard precautions when caring for a client who has AIDS.

A nurse is caring for a client who has an increase in cardiac output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Increase in blood pressure B. Decrease in respiratory rate C. Decrease in heart rate D. Increase in stroke volume

A. Increase in blood pressure

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and does not adhere to the prescribed diet. Which of the following interventions by the nurse demonstrates collaborative health care? A. Requesting a referral to a dietitian to work with the client B. Instructing the clients family not to bring in snacks for the client C. Asking the client why they are not adhering to the prescribed diet D. Informing the client that they will get used to eating the prescribed diet.

A. Requesting a referral to a dietitian to work with the client

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a straight-legged cane. Which of the following client actions indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. The client holds the cane on the unaffected side B. The client walks by stepping with the unaffected leg before the affected leg C. The client hold the cane directly next to the foot D. The client holds the cane with a straight elbow.

A. The client holds the cane on the unaffected side.

A nurse is using the introduction, situation, background, assessment, recommendation, and readback (I-SBAR-R) communication tool when contacting a provider about a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the situation component? A. The client is coughing while eating B. Should I obtain a chest Xray C. I will request a referral with a speech therapist D. The client has a history of parkinsons disease

A. The client is coughing while eating

A nurse is teaching a client who has an unsteady gait about how to use a walker. Which of the following instruction should the nurse include? A. The top of the walker should be at the level of your wrist B. When using the stairs, place the walker before taking a step C. When holding the walker, bend your elbows 30 degrees D. Take as step first before moving the walker

A. The top of the walker should be at the level of your wrist

A nurse is planning to administer pain medication to a client following abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Use the pain scale to determine the client's pain level B. Discuss the adverse effects of pain medication with the client C. Obtain the client's vital signs D. Check the client's allergies

A. Use the pain scale to determine the client's pain level

A nurse is assessing a client's respiratory system. Which of the following breath sounds should the nurse expect to hear over the periphery of the major lung fields. ? A. Vesicular B. Bronchial C. Rhonchi D. Bronchovesicular

A. Vesicular Reason: These are soft and low-pitched.

A nurse is conducting a health promotion class for a group of college students. Which of the following statements by a student should the nurse identify as potential problem with achieving Erikson's developmental task for this age group? A. " I am in no hurry to get married. I think I'll enjoy single life for a while." B. " I go home on the weekends to be with my family because I do not have any good friends here on campus." C. " I am interested in politics and may consider becoming an elected official." D. " I am looking forward to finish school and going to work for my family's business."

B. " I go home on the weekends to be with my family because I do not have any good friends here on campus."

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of interventions provided to four clients who have unexpected findings for vital signs. Which of the following findings requires follow up? A. A client has an 8 mmHg difference in systolic BO when moving from a sitting to a standing position B. A client has a radial pulse of +4 bilateral C. An older adult client has a tympanic temperature of 35.9C (96.6F) D. A newborn has a respiratory rate of 56/min while sleeping

B. A client has a radial pulse of +4 bilateral Reason: The nurse should check further and report the finds to the provider. A pulse strength of +2 is considered an expected finding.

A nurse enters a client's room and finds the client crying. The nurse sits beside the bed in silence. Which of Swanson's five categories of caring behaviors is the nurse demonstrating? A. Knowing B. Being with C. Doing for D. Maintaining belief

B. Being with

A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about vital sign measurements. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Anxiety can cause a decrease in respiratory rate B. Body temperature is typically lower in older adults C. Caffeine can cause a temporary decrease in pulse rate in adolescents D. Blood pressure slightly decreases immediately following the use of nicotine

B. Body temperature is typically lower in older adults.

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about pain management in clients age 65 and older. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Clients who are age 65 or older experience a decreased ability to perceive pain compared to young adult clients. B. Clients who are age 65 or older are reluctant to report pain C. Clients who are age 65 or older should not receive opioid narcotics D. Clients who are age 65 or older experience a shorter duration of action with medications than young adult clients.

B. Client who are age 65 or older are reluctant to report pain

Which of the following sources provides guidance on the legal responsibilities of nurses to clients and society? A. Nursing's Social Policy Statement B. Code of Ethics for Nurses C. Scope and Standard of Practice

B. Code of Ethics for Nurses

A nurse is caring for a client who has been wheezing. The nurse asks an assistive personnel (AP) to use a stethoscope and listen to the client's lung sounds to determine if their wheezing has improved. This is an example of which of the following concepts? A. Delegation of the right circumstance B. Delegation of the wrong task C. Delegation to the right person D. Delegation of the wrong time

B. Delegation of the wrong task

A nurse is caring for adolescents in a school-based health clinic. Which of the following client statements should the nurse recognize as an indication that the client is experiencing Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion? A. Im coaching a little league team B. I think I might be gay C. I cant seem to do anything right for my parents D. Why would someone want to help me? What's in it for them?

B. I think I might be gay

A nurse is caring for a client who has a temperature of 38.7C (101.7F). Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Apply an alcohol-water solution to the client's skin B. Keep the client's bed linens dry C. Apply ice packs to the groin D. Limit the client's fluid intake to 1183 mL (40 oz) of fluid per day

B. Keep the client's bed linens dry Reason: The nurse should maximize the client's heat loss by keeping the client's clothes and bed linens dry. The nurse should also reduce external coverings on the client's bed without causing shivering.

A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for developing atelectasis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Reposition the client every 2 hr while in bed B. Remind the client to use the incentive spirometer C. Obtain the client's weight daily D. Encourage the client to eat foods that are high in fiber.

B. Remind the client to use the incentive spirometer

A nurse at a clinic is providing free blood pressure screening for clients. Which of the following levels of health prevention is the nurse demonstrating? A. Tertiary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Primary prevention D. Quaternary prevention

B. Secondary prevention

A nurse is caring for a client who has acquired an infection from a visitor. The client is an example of which of the following links in the chain of infection? A. Reservoir B. Susceptible host C. Portal of entry D. Portal of exit

B. Susceptible host

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication. The nurse should identify that antihypertensive medications are used for which of the following types of prevention? A. Secondary prevention B. Tertiary prevention C. Primary prevention D. Quaternary prevention

B. Tertiary prevention

A nurse is teaching about change of shift report with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. Change of shift report performed at the clients bedside results in increased overtime by the nurses B. Using SBAR during change of shift report decreases the risk of missing information C. Change of shift report performed at the clients bedside decreases client satisfaction about their care D. Taking notes during change of shift report increases the risk for error

B. Using SBAR during change of shift report decreases the risk of missing information

A nurse is talking with a client who arrived at the clinic over an hour ago and states, "doesn't anyone care that I am sick? Why do I have to wait so long?" The nurse listens to the client and notifies the provider, relaying the needs of the client. In which of the following roles is the nurse performing? A. Educator B. Case manager C. Advocate D. Leader

C. Advocate

A newly licensed nurse is reviewing Benner's Novice to expert model for nursing competence. At which of the following stages does the nurse first develop the ability to prioritize tasks by drawing on experience? A. Advance beginner B. Proficient C. Competent D. Novice

C. Competent

A nurse is measuring a client's vital signs and notices an irregularity in the pulse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Measuring the pulse using a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope B. Check the client's pedal pulses C. Count the apical pulse rate for 1 full minute and describe the rhythm in the chart. D. Take the pulse at each peripheral site and count the rate for 30 sec.

C. Count the apical pulse rate for 1 full minute and describe the rhythm in the chart

A nurse is caring for a client who is immobile. The nurse should recognize that immobility places the client at risk for which of the following health alterations? A. Increased intestinal motility B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Decreased CO D. Hypocalcemia

C. Decreased Cardiac Output Reason: The client's heart increases to compensate for increased venous pooling. Reduction in circulating volume increases the workload of the heart, resulting in orthostatic hypotension and decreased cardiac output.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a methicillin-resistant Staphylococccus aureus (MRSA) infection. A dietary assistant asks the nurse what precautions are necessary for entering the client's room with the lunch tray. A. Don a gown before entering the room and remove it before exiting B. Wear a mask while in the client's room C. Don gloves when entering the room and use hand sanitizer when exiting D. Take no special precautions unless engaging in direct contact with client

C. Don gloves when entering the room and use hand sanitizer Reason: Clients who has MRSA infection require contact precautions.

A nurse is teaching a middle-aged female client about prevention and health maintenance. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse recommend as part of this client's routine health screening? A. Pap testing B. Mammogram every 2 years C. Eye exam every 2 years D. Annual colonoscopy

C. Eye exam every 2 years Reason: This is essential not only for monitoring vision but also checking for glaucoma. The clients should have annual eye exam from the age 65 onward.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks about healthy choices to lose weight. The nurse shares information from Healthy People 2030 to address the client's questions. Which of the following describes the healthy people initiative? A. It is a program for health care practitioners to get healthy B. It is a social media platform for nurses C. It is a set of objectives for improving the health of American Lives D. It is a rehabilitation program for clients who have substance use disorders

C. It is a set of objectives for improving the health of american lives

A nurse calls the unit to tell say that they will be late for their shift. The charge nurse responds, "Don't worry, take your time and be safe." After hanging up on the phone, the charge nurse then say to staff at the nurses' station, I'm tired of that nurse always being late. I wish someone would do something about their tardiness." Which of the following communication styles is the charge nurse demonstrating? A. Assertive B. Aggressive C. Passive-aggressive D. Passive

C. Passive-aggressive

A nurse is performing an abdominal assessment of a client. Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to assume for this examination? A. Lithotomy B. Lateral C. Supine D. Sims

C. Supine Reason: To promote relaxation of the abd muscles

A nurse is providing teaching about thermoregulation to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. The body increases body temperature through the process known as vasodilation B. The body loses heat through shivering C. The body lowers body temperature through sweating D. The body generates heat through evaporation

C. The body lowers body temperature through sweating

A nurse is evaluating a client who has a broken leg and is using crutches. Which of the following actions by the client demonstrates proper use of the crutches? A. The hand grips of the crutches are at the level of the clients umbilicus B. The clients elbow are ben 45 degree when holding the crutches C. The client places their weight on their axilla when using the crutches D. The client has the crutches resting 5 cm (2cm) below their axilla

D. The client has the crutches resting 5cm (2cm) below their axilla

A nurse is reviewing measures to prevent back injuries with assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Stand 3 feet from the client when assisting with lifting B. Lock your knees when standing for long periods C. Lift up to 22.6 kg (50lbs) without the use of assistive devices D. When lifting an object, spread your feet apart to provide a wide base of support

D, When lifting an object, spread you feet apart to provide a wide base of support

A nurse is caring for a client who states that she does not want to get out of bed due to pain from arthritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Tell the client the provider does not want her to remain in bed B. Allow the client to remain in bed until her pain subsides. C. Instruct the family to perform ADLs for the client D. Advise the client to perform range-of-motions while in bed.

D. Advise the client to perform range-of-motion while in bed Reason: Performing range-of-motion exercises will help the client maintain mobility until her pain is under control and she is able to ambulate without excessive discomfort

A nurse is preparing an in-service about factors affecting respiratory rate for a group of assistive personnel. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. Anxiety can decrease a client's respiratory rate B. Opioid analgesics can increase a client's respiratory rate C. Pain can decrease a client's respiratory rate D. Fever can increase a client's respiratory rate

D. Fever can increase a client's respiratory rate

A nurse is preparing to transfer a client from a bed to a wheelchair. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper use of body mechanics? A. Twisting the torso when transferring the client B. Bending at the waist when transferring the client C. Placing the bed in the high position before transferring the client D. Looking at the client face-to-face when transferring the client

D. Looking at the client face-to-face when transferring the client

A nurse obtains a client's electronic blood pressure reading of 188/96 mmHg. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? A. Provide client teaching regarding medications to control blood pressure B. Notify the provider of the client's blood pressure reading C. Provide client education on measures to decrease blood pressure D. Obtain a manual blood pressure reading from the client.

D. Obtain a manual blood pressure reading from the client

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who reports generalized aches and fever for the past 12 hr. The nurse suspects the client has acquired an infection. Which of the following stages of infection is the client likely experiencing? A. Incubation B. Convalescence C. Acute illness D. Prodromal

D. Prodromal