ATI Medical Surgical Neurosensory and Musculoskeletal

A nurse is reviewing postoperative instructions with a client following cataract surgery. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the instructions?

"I should call my doctor if my vision gets worse." The client should expect an improvement in vision after the surgery, so the nurse should instruct the client to report negative changes in vision immediately.

A nurse is teaching a client and her family about the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the family understands the teaching?

"The medications that treat Alzheimer's disease can help delay cognitive changes." Medications that treat Alzheimer's disease enhance the availability of acetylcholine, which can slow cognitive decline in some clients.

A nurse is planning care for a client following a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Ensure that the client lies flat for up to 12 hr The client should lie flat for up to 12 hr to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the puncture site, which can cause a headache.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of status epilepticus and requires seizure precautions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Establish IV access The nurse should plan to establish IV access with a large-bore catheter and administer 0.9% sodium chloride if seizures are imminent. If the client is stable, the nurse should initiate a saline lock.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a retinal detachment. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Flashes of bright light The nurse should expect a client who has a retinal detachment to see flashes of bright light or floating dark spots in the affected eye as the retinal layers separate.

A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who reports sudden, severe eye pain with blurry vision. The provider determines that the client has primary angle-closure glaucoma. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?

Osmotic diuretics via IV bolus The nurse should expect to administer prescribed osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent damage to the eye.

A nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a stroke and has right-sided homonymous hemianopsia. To help the client adapt to the hemianopsia, the nurse should take which of the following actions?

Remind the client to look consciously at both sides of their meal tray. Clients who have right-sided homonymous hemianopsia have lost the right visual field of both eyes and might only eat the food they are able to see on the left half of the meal tray. Therefore, the nurse should remind the client to look at both sides of his meal tray to help compensate for the visual loss.

A nurse is teaching a client who has Parkinson's disease is prescribed carbidopa-levodopa. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should expect that this medication can cause me to be drowsy." Drowsiness is a known adverse effect of carbidopa-levodopa; therefore, clients are taught to avoid heavy machinery and driving if they experience drowsiness.

A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis and has a new prescription for glatiramer acetate. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

"I will avoid going to the store when it is crowded." Clients who are prescribed this medication are instructed to avoid crowds and individuals who have infection.

A nurse is caring for a client who has viral meningitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Check capillary refill at least every 4 hr. The nurse should perform a complete vascular assessment at least every 4 hr to monitor for vascular compromise.

A nurse is caring for a client who is in balanced suspension skeletal traction and reports intermittent muscle spasms. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Check the position of the weight and ropes The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the client. The nurse should first check the position of the weights and ropes to investigate the cause of the muscle spasms. The weights might be too heavy, or the nurse might need to realign the client.

A nurse is assessing a client who has a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Crepitus with joint movement; Decreased range of motion of the affected joint; Joint pain that resolves with rest Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. Crepitus, a grating sound, is an expected finding with clients who have osteoarthritis as loosened bone and cartilage move around in the fluid inside the joint. Decreased range of motion is an expected finding with clients who have osteoarthritis because the client's pain limits movement. oint pain that resolves with rest is an expected finding with clients who have osteoarthritis. A client who has osteoarthritis experiences increased pain with activity and decreased pain with rest.

A nurse is assessing a client who has a right hemispheric stroke. Which of the following neurologic deficits should the nurse expect?

Impulsive behavior The nurse should expect clients who had a right hemispheric stroke to demonstrate impulsive behavior, poor judgment, and lack of awareness of neurologic deficits.

A nurse is assessing a client who is quadriplegic following a cervical fracture at vertebral level C5. The client reports a throbbing headache and nausea. The nurse notes facial flushing and a blood pressure of 220/110 mmHg. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Elevate the head of the client's bed hese assessment findings indicate that the client is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia and is at greatest risk for possible rupture of a cerebral vessel or increased intracranial pressure. The first action the nurse should take is to move the client from a supine to an upright position, which will result in rapid postural hypotension.

A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Intention tremors Clients who have multiple sclerosis are at risk for motor dysfunction, with intention tremors, poor coordination, and loss of balance.

A nurse is teaching an assistive personnel (AP) about providing care to a client following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Place an abductor pillow between the client's legs when turning the client The nurse should inform the AP that a client who had a total hip arthroplasty should maintain the hip in abduction following surgery to reduce the risk of dislocating the affected hip. The AP should place an abductor pillow between the client's legs when turning the client to keep the hips in abduction.

A nurse is caring for a client who is 72 hr postoperative following an above-the-knee amputation and reports phantom limb pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Request a prescription for gabapentin for the client The nurse should request a prescription for a nonopioid medication to help minimize phantom limb pain. Gabapentin is an oral antiepileptic medication that is effective for treating sharp, burning, phantom limb pain.

A nurse is planning to teach a client who has epilepsy and a new prescription for phenytoin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include?

Take medications at a consistent time each day to maintain therapeutic blood levels. The nurse should teach the client to take antiepileptic medications on a regular schedule to maintain therapeutic blood levels and achieve the maximum effect.

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who has Meniere disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"Move your head slowly to decrease vertigo." The nurse should instruct the client to use slow head movements to keep from worsening the vertigo.

A nurse is teaching a client who has osteoporosis and has a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Remain upright for 30 minutes after taking this medication." To prevent esophagitis or esophageal ulcers, which can result from alendronate therapy, the client should sit upright for 30 min after taking this medication.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a basilar skull fracture following a fall from a ladder. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Clear drainage from nose Clear drainage from the nose indicates that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from the skull fracture. This places the client at risk for meningeal infection because micro-organisms have access to the cranium through the nose and the tear in the dura. The nurse should report this finding to the provider.

A nurse is performing a pain assessment for a client who is postoperative. Which of the following findings should the nurse use to determine the severity of the client's pain?

Client's report of pain on a pain scale The nurse should use a client's report of pain on a standardized pain scale to determine the severity of the client's pain.

A nurse is planning care for a client who has a closed traumatic brain injury from a fall and is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority?

Maintain a PaCO2 of approximately 35 mmHg. The greatest risk to this client is injury from increased intracranial pressure. Therefore, the nurse's priority intervention is to maintain the PaCO2 at 35 to 38 mm Hg to prevent hypercarbia and subsequent vasodilation that can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure.

A nurse is caring for a client who has advancing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority?

Monitor pulse oximetry findings The greatest risk to the client is respiratory compromise due to progressive paralysis of respiratory muscles. Therefore, the priority intervention is to monitor the client's oxygen saturation to identify respiratory compromise as soon as possible.

A nurse is assessing a client who has a head injury following a motor-vehicle crash. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates increasing intracranial pressure?

Restlessness Behavioral changes, such as restlessness and irritability, are early manifestations of increased intracranial pressure.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a spastic bladder following a spinal cord injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help stimulate micturition?

Stroke the client's inner thigh The nurse should stimulate micturition by stroking the client's inner thigh. Other techniques include pinching the skin above the groin and providing digital anal stimulation.

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who suddenly lost consciousness and fell while at home. The provider determines that the client had an embolic stroke. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?

Tissue plasminogen activator Tissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic agent that should dissolve the blood clot that caused the stroke.

A nurse is assessing a client who has rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Ulnar deviation A client who has rheumatoid arthritis can experience inflammation in the hand joints that can make them susceptible to deformity from daily use. Ulnar deviation, or lateral deviation of the fingers, can occur from opening jars and other similar motions.