ATI Neurocognitive Disorders

A nurse is providing teaching to the caregiver of a client who is in the moderate stage of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following client findings should the nurse inform the caregiver to expect at this stage? -Forgetting the day of the week -Problems communicating -Difficulty getting dressed -Leaving the stove turned on

Difficulty getting dressed The nurse should include in the teaching that a client who is in the moderate stage of Alzheimer's disease can experience difficulty getting dressed and may require assistance. Other manifestations during this stage can include a tendency to wander, having trouble recalling information, moodiness, confusion regarding location and time, along with behavioral changes.

A nurse working in an urgent care clinic is obtaining a history from a client who is experiencing delirium. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a cause of this disorder? -Vitamin deficiencies -Advanced age -Alzheimer's disease -Overhydration

Vitamin deficiencies The nurse should identify a vitamin deficiency such as B12 can cause delirium. Other causes of delirium can include thyroid disorder, head trauma, physical stressors, along with adverse effects of antidepressants and antipsychotic medications.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has been newly diagnosed with Huntington's disease dementia. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? -"This condition is a result of your previous brain injury." -"Severe motor function loss occurs within five years." -"You will experience involuntary jerking motions." -"You contracted this condition from consuming contaminated beef."

"You will experience involuntary jerking motions." The nurse should include in the teaching that clients who have Huntington's disease dementia can experience involuntary jerking motions also known as chorea.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has been admitted to the facility from long-term care. For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with delirium, dementia, or depression. Each finding may support more than one disease process.

*still marking partially correct even with all of the items given checked* Delirium: impaired memory and judgment, restlessness, mood swings, incoherent speech, agitation, anxiety, and altered level of consciousness, which can also be an adverse effect of lorazepam. Dementia: impaired memory, agitation, incoherent speech, and agnosia (the inability to recognize certain objects). Depression: difficulty concentrating and anxiety.

A nurse is caring for a pt. Click to highlight the findings that require immediate follow-up. To deselect a finding, click on the finding again. -Temperature 39 C (102 F) -Bp 125/98 -Hr 98/min -Rr 16/min -SaO2 94% on room air -Urinary incontinence

-Increased temperature -Urinary incontinance When recognizing cues of dementia related to Parkinson's disease, the nurse should recognize that urinary incontinence can be a clinical indicator of evolving dementia associated with this chronic condition. The client's elevated temperature can cause increased confusion and agitation.

A nurse is admitting a client to a home care program. Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. The nurse is prioritizing a plan of care for this client. The highest priority is the client's ________ followed by ______ .

-Wandering -Administration of medication Using the nursing process, the nurse should recognize cues and assess the client for possible causes of acute delirium. Dehydration causes acute delirium. Other causes can include substance use or opioid use, urinary tract infections, medications, hypotension, and vitamin B12 deficiency. The nurse should recognize cues associated with early-stage Alzheimer's disease such as neologism, which is the creation of new or nonsensical words.

A nurse is preparing a presentation on Huntington's disease dementia to a group of staff members. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the etiology of this disorder? -Substance use disorder -Chemical exposure -Consuming contaminated beef -A gene located on chromosome 4

A gene located on chromosome 4 The nurse should include in the presentation that a gene located on chromosome 4 is the etiology of Huntington's disease dementia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia. The client had a CT scan of the head that indicates amyloid plaques. The nurse should identify that the client has which of the following types of dementia? -Prion disease -Traumatic brain injury -Alzheimer's disease -Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Alzheimer's disease The nurse should recognize that a CT scan of the head that indicates amyloid plagues is a finding in clients who have Alzheimer's disease.

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as at risk for developing delirium? -A 25-year-old client who has alcohol use disorder -A 20-year-old client who consumed excessive amounts of alcohol -A 14-year-old adolescent who has received an immunization -An 85-year-old client who has a urinary tract infection

An 85-year-old client who has a urinary tract infection The nurse should identify a client who is 85 years of age and who has a urinary tract infection is at risk for developing delirium. An infection, electrolyte imbalance, or dehydration can cause delirium in an older adult client.

A nurse is caring for a client and the provider suspects the client might have frontotemporal lobar degeneration dementia. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm this diagnosis? -Biopsy -ECG -Positron emission tomography -Computed tomography

Computed tomography The nurse should identify that a computed tomography (CT) scan can detect atrophy of the brain, which can indicate frontotemporal lobar degeneration dementia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with "mad cow disease." The nurse should identify that the client has which of the following types of dementia? -Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) -Huntington's disease -Parkinson's disease -HIV infection

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) The nurse should identify that the client has prion disease dementia or CJD, also known as "mad cow disease." This disease is transmitted from animal to human from a prion typically found in contaminated beef that is consumed by the client.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the client is in the mild stage of the disease? -Loss of bladder control -Difficulty planning -Wandering at night -Inability to write

Difficulty planning The nurse should identify the client who has difficulty planning is in the mild stage of Alzheimer's disease. Other manifestations the client can experience in the mild stage include forgetting names of individuals they have just been introduced to, being unable to choose the right word or name, difficulty performing tasks, forgetting material just read, and losing objects.

A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about the use of music therapy for clients who have Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse identify as the purpose of music therapy? -Calms the brain -Evokes memories -Decreases depression -Loosens amyloid plaques in the brain

Evokes memories The charge nurse should include in the teaching that music therapy evokes memories for clients who have Alzheimer's disease.

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing delirium. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? -Hallucinations -Agnosia -Amnesia -Confabulation

Hallucinations The nurse should expect a client who is experiencing delirium to experience hallucinations. Hallucinations are a false sensory belief and they can be visual, auditory, and tactile. Other manifestations can include confusion, hyperactivity, irritability, sweating, tremors, tachycardia, impaired level of consciousness, and seizures.

A nurse is planning a music therapy activity for a group of clients who have dementia. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the purpose for this activity? -Improve social skills -Increase physical activity -Improve speech -Improve appetite

Improve appetite The nurse should identify that music therapy is effective in improving appetite as well as decreasing depression in clients who have dementia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Huntington's disease dementia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? -Impulsive behaviors -Apathy -Shuffling gait -Depressed mood

Impulsive behaviors The nurse should expect a client who has Huntington's disease dementia to exhibit impulsive behaviors. Other manifestations can include dysarthria, impaired gait, and irritability.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dementia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? -Unable to remember the name of a local restaurant -Misplacing keys -Forgetting appointment date -Inability to manage finances

Inability to manage finances The nurse should expect a client who has dementia to be unable to perform calculations such as managing their finances. Clients who have dementia might also exhibit poor judgment and attention span, along with impaired memory and abstract thinking.

A nurse is speaking with the caregiver of a client who has dementia about including omega-3 fatty acids in the client's diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? -Fruits with seeds -Chicken -Red meat -Leafy vegetables

Leafy vegetables The nurse should recommend the client consume green leafy vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which promote cognitive function for clients who have dementia. Other foods high in omega-3 fatty acids are fish and nuts.

A nurse is selecting a dietary plan for a client who has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following plans should the nurse select to promote the client's cognitive function? -MIND diet -High-fiber diet -Vegan diet -High-protein diet

MIND diet The nurse should identify that the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is effective in promoting cognitive function.

A nurse is caring for a client who is confused and unable to remember the time of year. The provider suspects the client has dementia. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition? -MRI scan -Uric acid test -Platelet count -Electroencephalogram (EEG)

MRI scan The nurse should anticipate the provider to prescribe an MRI of the client's head to diagnose dementia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Alzheimer's disease and requires assistance with bathing and getting dressed in the morning. The nurse should identify that the client is in which of the following stages of the disease? -Mild -Moderate -Severe -Terminal

Moderate The nurse should identify that a client who has Alzheimer's disease and requires assistance with bathing and getting dressed in the morning is in the moderate stage of the disease.

A nurse at a community center is providing an in-service to a group of residents about decreasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease by consuming foods high in flavanol. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching? -Oranges -Peaches -Apples -Bananas

Oranges The nurse should include in the teaching that oranges are high in flavanols. Other foods high in flavanols include tea, broccoli, spinach, tomatoes and pears.

A nurse is caring for a client and the provider suspects the client has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition? -Electroencephalogram -Positron emission tomography -BUN level -WBC count level

Positron emission tomography The nurse should anticipate the provider to prescribe a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. A PET scan can detect amyloid plaques on the brain of a client who has Alzheimer's disease.

A home health nurse is determining the needs of a client who lives at home and has dementia. Which of the following is the priority for the nurse to assess? -Labels on rooms -Social stimulation -Supervision -Eating patterns

Supervision The greatest risk to this client is injury from not being supervised; therefore, the priority assessment is to ensure the client's safety.

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing delirium. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? -Shuffling gait -Sundowning -Rapid eye movement during sleep -Tremors

Tremors The nurse should expect a client who has delirium to exhibit manifestations of tremors, tachycardia, confusion, sweating, hyperactivity, and hallucinations.