ATI TEAS Reading

Relevant information will speak ________ to the topic. Might be info that is ________ for a particular viewpoint or argument. Will support the _______ for making the claim in the topic sentence.

- speak directly to the topic - might be info that is evidence for a particular viewpoint or argument - will support the reason for making the claim in the topic sentence

In the passage, "Choosing a hobby has multiple positive effects on a person. One positive effect is the alleviation of stress. There is a chemical change that occurs in a body when a person engages in an entertaining endeavor. The second positive effect is the building of confidence. Practicing and engaging in a hobby allows a person to feel successful by being good at something. Ultimately, when one becomes successful, self-esteem increases. The third reason to choose a hobby is the opportunity to meet new, interesting people. Most hobbies have many people already taking part. It is easy, especially with social media, to find new people with the same interests. Finding common ground will bring people together in diverse social formats and allow for stimulating engagement opportunities. These three positive results of getting a hobby should entice anyone to go out and find something interesting to do." What is a logical rephrasing of the key ideas?

-Hobbies help reduce stress -Hobbies can build confidence -Hobbies can help build your social network

Inference

-a conclusion reached through critical thinking -reading between the lines of what is stated; applying logic (experience) to facts and evidence coupled with recognized the context clues provided

classified advertisements should include... (3)

-a headline that engages the reader in seconds (can be rhetorical question or explanation) -an item or service offered to the audience (mentions the benefits of the item or services) - a call to action (includes how to get the item or service)

(printed) public announcements can be more effective if.....

-link to info access, info about the supporting organizations, and supporting details; they are short and sweet, inform the public, have easily accessible info, and include graphics/short phrases

Irrelevant info might provide _____ to the passage or be a _______ to the main idea. Irrelevant info isn't necessarily _______, but it doesn't ________ the main idea of the passage.

-might provide color or be a tangent to the main idea. -Isn't necessarily pointless but doesn't support the main idea.

In the example, "Viruses are spread in a number of ways. These are typically categorized as contact or non contact modes of transmission. Contact modes include: droplet spray, when the virus drops, as a result of coughing or sneezing, into or onto exposed mucus membranes; indirect transmission, when the virus is shared through an object surface; and direct transmission, when the virus is shared through direct person to person contact. Non-contact spread of viruses can occur through airborne aerosols, when the virus diffuses through the air into the lungs." By breaking down the tex, what are each of the key ideas of the text? Analyze them.

1) droplet spray, when the virus drops, as a result of coughing or sneezing, into or onto exposed mucus membranes;---> contact; airbourne; drops; mucus membranes 2) indirect transmission, when the virus is shared through an object surface; ---> contact; object/surface 3) direct transmission, when the virus is shared through direct person to person contact.---> contact, person to person 4) aerosols, when the virus diffuses through the air into the lungs." ---> non-contact, diffuse; airbourne; lungs

Supporting details that clarifies the main idea can be identified using the _ _'s (and _).

5 Ws and H

Justin and Lisa love to entertain. Every summer they always host a neighborhood barbeque that lasts all day. It is quite the talk of the neighborhood. Planning or the party each year takes them a good 3 months to get everything in order. First there is the date to select for the event to take place. That happens just before the end of the year before the party. After they have a date confirmed , then they can start to plan everything else. First, they decide on a theme for the party because every party needs a theme. Second, they make the list of attendees. Last year there were old neighbors who moved away and new ones who moved in. Once they know how many people they plan to invite, and always everyone attends, then they will plan the menu. Justin likes to cook a variety of foods on the grill. Lisa always needs to remind him to not put every item on the grill at the same time. Every year she tells him to put the steaks on first because they take the longest to cook just right. Then, put on the chicken because that takes the next longest. Finally, put on the salmon because that takes the least amount of time. Two years ago Justin threw everything on the grill at once and the steaks were too rare for even the most ravenous carnivore to enjoy. Once the salmon is on, then her should put on the cobs of corn. Lastly, he needs to put the fresh baguettes lengthwise and put them face down onto the grill to the insides grill and not the outer crust." Portions of the text are in sequential order and parts are in chronological order. Which of the following is correct? A) "Last year there were old neighbors who moved away and new ones who moved in" is an example of chronological order. B) "First there is the date to select for the event to take place" is an example of chronological order. C) "After they have a date confirmed , then they can start to plan everything else" is an example of sequential order. D) "Every year she tells him to put the steaks on first because they take the longest to cook just right" is an example of sequential order.

A) "Last year there were old neighbors who moved away and new ones who moved in" is an example of chronological order.

"Dr. Callie is a new doctor. She just saw her first client. Dr. Callie is an excellent note-taker, so she wrote down all the details f the client's history and then later she will rewrite them in sequential order. It went like this. 1. Doni walked into a hardware store to buy some supplies to paint for her new apartment. 2. She bought a paint brush, paint, a roller and a pan for the paint. 3. Then she selected the color of paint to buy. 4. Unfortunately, she forgot her list in the car, so she ran back out to get it. 5. While on her way, back in, she tripped on a flat cart that was by the door. 6. She fell to the ground and landed on her knees but got right up. 7. First she chose a light blue for all the rooms. 8. Except her bedroom which she decided to buy later. 9. After that, she chose a pale buttercup yellow for the kitchen. 10. After she finished shopping, Doni went to the doctor." Each sentence is numbered. Put the sentences into the correct sequential order. A) 1,4,5,6,2,3,7,8,9,10 B) 5,4,3,1,8,10,6,7,9,2 C) 5,6,7,8,9,10,1,2,3,4 D) 10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

A) 1,4,5,6,2,3,7,8,9,10

The following was dictated to the teacher. "When I first saw the student in the video, he was dressed in his white hoodie sweatshirt, sunglasses, and headphones. My first impression was that he was being disrespectful of the setting situation. But his attire in conjunction with what was transpiring opened a new dimension of meaning for me. The way in which the student is dressed represents his culture-- a part of his culture that he needs to hold onto for two reasons. The first reason is for a security blanket, so to speak. He feels safer when he can wear what is familiar and comforting, a kind of armor when going to battle. Although I don't doubt the the student would have any trouble standing up for himself, he is in fact at the mercy of the Vice President and the teacher in this situation. It is apparent that the student knows more about the dominant culture's rules than they give him credit for. On page one of the transcript, in the first paragraph, the student stated, "Im not supposed to do something, so I had to put down my own values." In the student's eyes he was humiliated in public by the dominant culture. He was stripped of his values and made away with him via spoken language and body language (the teacher's hand on him). The hoodie sweatshirt, the sunglasses, and the headphones are representative of his culture. This aspect of his culture is all he had to bring to the table that is visible to outsiders, in this case, the Vice President and the teacher. It was as if the student was saying, "Fine , I'll play by your rules, but you are not going to strip me of everything I believe in." The passage contains examples of implicit information as represented by which of the following phrases? A) My first impression was that he was being disrespectful of the setting and situation B) When I first saw the student in the video, he was dressed in a white hoody sweatshirt, sunglasses, and headphones. C) On page one of the transcript, in the first paragraph, the student stated, "I'm not supposed to do something, so I had to put down my own values" D) The following was dictated to the teacher.

A) My first impression was that he was being disrespectful of the setting and situation its her impression, therefore not a statement of fact but of personal opinion

"Lakshmi was determined to sew her own prom dress, and purchased an elegant pattern for a simple but elegant dress. The pattern came inside an envelope with written directions as well as some diagrams and pictures. Lakshmi read through the written directions, and then began to lay the paper pattern onto the fabric. Once everything was pinned in place, she began to cut out pieces. But something was wrong: she had one pattern piece leftover but no fabric left." What should Lakshmi have done before cutting out the pattern pieces? A) She should have used the diagrams and pictures in addition to the written directions. B) She should have pinned and cut one piece of fabric out at a time. C) She should have only looked at the diagrams and the pictures. D) She should have counted the pattern pieces, and if she had an even number then everything would have worked out fine

A) She should have used the diagrams and pictures in addition to the written directions.

"The house was situated in a neighborhood that had rarely experienced any crime. In fact, no one could remember the last time anyone's home had been broken into. The community was made up of mostly empty nesters. Many of the families had raised their young families here and had seen their children off to college. The young children currently in the neighborhood were often grandchildren of the longtime residents." What does the topic sentence imply? A) That some kind of crime had recently occurred in the neighborhood. B) There are young children in the neighborhood again. C) Empty nesters are birds that leave their nest empty D) It's better to have your children live with you well into adulthood

A) That some kind of crime had recently occurred in the neighborhood. it is stated that the neighborhood has RARELY experienced any crime

In the passage, "Choosing a hobby has multiple positive effects on a person. One positive effect is the alleviation of stress. There is a chemical change that occurs in a body when a person engages in an entertaining endeavor. The second positive effect is the building of confidence. Practicing and engaging in a hobby allows a person to feel successful by being good at something. Ultimately, when one becomes successful, self-esteem increases. The third reason to choose a hobby is the opportunity to meet new, interesting people. Most hobbies have many people already taking part. It is easy, especially with social media, to find new people with the same interests. Finding common ground will bring people together in diverse social formats and allow for stimulating engagement opportunities. These three positive results of getting a hobby should entice anyone to go out and find something interesting to do." Which of the following is the topic of the passage? A) choosing a hobby B) positive effects of a hobby C) chemical change D) social media

A) choosing a hobby b is the main idea of the topic sentence

"1) Prewriting. First, a writer must find a topic or idea by surveying day-to-day experiences, childhood memories, class topics, etc. Then a writer must build upon it by free writing. Finally, the writer must plan and structure (outline) the writing. The structure must be relevant to the writing prompt or genre 2) Draft. This step is very similar to free writing in that the author does not worry about conventions. However, the author will use outline as a guide. This is the first draft and offers much more freedom to the writer. 3) Revision. The third step includes 4 components. It is the step that makes writing "beefy". First, the author must look at the draft and add info to clarify and enhance the text for the reader. Second, the author must rearrange the text so the flow, pace, and sequence of events are in logical order. Third, the author must remove any unnecessary info or description. Fourth, the author must identify weak info or description and replace with effective text 4) Editing. The text has been reviewed and revised for big ideas. Now it is time to fine-tune the piece of writing . This is the time to check--carefully and diligently-- the spelling and grammar. Most importantly, the author needs to make sure the text flows and keeps the reader engaged. 5) Publishing. This final step in the writing process is publishing the text. This can include posting for a class, printing advertisement, or sending a finalized letter." Identify the correct order of the writing process. A) prewrite, draft, revise, edit, publish B) draft, prewrite, revise, edit, publish C) prewrite, revise, draft, edit, publish D) draft, edit, prewrite, revise, publish

A) prewrite, draft, revise, edit, publish

"Every two weeks, when Ray arrives home, the first thing he does is put his bag of muddy, oily clothes on top of the industrial washing machine he and Lori purchased last year. Lori insisted they buy the washing machine so she could do his laundry separate from the family's daily wash. After he unpacks from his 2 weeks away, he showers in order to be refreshed for his family. Then, he plays some games in the yard with the kids. Finally, the family goes to dinner so Lori doesn't have to make dinner and do the laundry." Which of the following phrases help the reader assemble events in the passage? A) the first thing B) on top of C) separate from D) with the kids

A) the first thing provides sequence context for Ray's actions when he arrives home

"Mrs Walker took a survey of how many boys like to read books versus how many girls like to read books. She wanted to know who likes to read more, boys or girls. She gathered info for 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders. She wants info for the individual grades and for the group as a whole." What kind of graphic representation should Mrs. Walker use? A) Map showing the classrooms of each grade level B) Bar graph C) Pie Chart D) Illustration

B) Bar graph

"Having a house without books is like having a house that is not a home. Books are like best friends. They are always there when you want them and especially when you need them. Books are a great source of information whether reading fiction or non-fiction. In fact, sometimes I gain an incredible amount of knowledge from the fiction, more so even than from the non-fiction I read. Perhaps that is due to that besides reading The New York Times and a few other trade magazines, I read all fiction. Everyone should read fiction-- novels, short stories or plays-- in order to have a full, enriched life. If you don't read fiction, then you are missing out on life." Which of the following provides objective language? A) Having a house without books is like having a house that is not a home. B) Books are a great source of information. C) Everyone should read fiction-- novels, short stories or plays-- in order to have a full, enriched life. D) If you don't read fiction, then you are missing out on life.

B) Books are a great source of information.

In the passage, "Choosing a hobby has multiple positive effects on a person. One positive effect is the alleviation of stress. There is a chemical change that occurs in a body when a person engages in an entertaining endeavor. The second positive effect is the building of confidence. Practicing and engaging in a hobby allows a person to feel successful by being good at something. Ultimately, when one becomes successful, self-esteem increases. The third reason to choose a hobby is the opportunity to meet new, interesting people. Most hobbies have many people already taking part. It is easy, especially with social media, to find new people with the same interests. Finding common ground will bring people together in diverse social formats and allow for stimulating engagement opportunities. These three positive results of getting a hobby should entice anyone to go out and find something interesting to do." Which of the following titles best synthesizes the key ideas? A) Find a hobby, find social media B) Find a hobby, find affirmative results C) Find a hobby, find peace D) Find a hobby, find a friend

B) Find a hobby, find affirmative results synthesizes all three ideas

"Learning to play the piano is very much like learning how to play the guitar. At first glance, the piano looks like a piece of equipment made of wood with black and white pieces that produce sound when pressed down upon. If you press more than one white or black piece in a variety of combinations, a sound is created. Those sounds assembled in particular orders create another sound that is a melody to a piece of music. However, it is the strings inside the piano that are the foundation to the sounds being made which is the same as on a guitar. The names of strings on guitar follow the same pattern as those of a piano. Those strings can either be played individually or in conjunction with other strings to form chords, just as with a piano. It is deceiving because you don't actually see the strings of a piano being played as you do on a guitar. Personally, I think playing the guitar is much easier." The main idea of the passage is, "Learning to play the piano is very much like learning how to play the guitar." What evidence is provided to support this claim? A) At first glance, the piano looks like a piece of equipment made of wood with black and white pieces that produce sound when pressed down upon. B) However, it is the strings inside the piano that are the foundation to the sounds being made which is the same as on a guitar. C) If you press more than one white or black piece in a variety of combinations, a sound is created. D) Personally, I think playing the guitar is much easier.

B) However, it is the strings inside the piano that are the foundation to the sounds being made which is the same as on a guitar.

"Moira's friends have raved about Moira's gluten-free treats and encouraged her to sell them to the public from her home. So she made an advertisement for the local health food magazine. MOIRA'S BAKED GOODS Yummy delicious treats from my home to yours. Call me to place your order. I love to bake! Moira waited by the phone but it never rang. Maybe she should never bake again." Why isn't Moira's phone ringing off the hook? A) Maybe she has the ringtone turned down too low. B) Moira's advertisement is missing pertinent info like the fact that her baked goods are gluten-free, which is a big selling point. She also doesn't mention what kind of baked goods she sells. C) She forgot to mention that she is gluten-free. Maybe people will feel sorry for her if they knew the detail and they would buy her cookies D) Moira forgot to give an email address.

B) Moira's advertisement is missing pertinent info like the fact that her baked goods are gluten-free, which is a big selling point. She also doesn't mention what kind of baked goods she sells.

"There was, until a year ago, a very grimy-looking shop near Seven Dials, over which, in weather-worn yellow lettering, the name "C. Cave, Naturalist and Dealer of Antiquities," was inscribed. The contents of its windows were curiously variegated. They comprised some elephant tusks and imperfect set of chessmen, beads and weapons, a box of eyes, two skulls of tigers and one human, several moth-eaten stuffed monkeys (one holding a lamp), an old fashioned cabinet, a flyblown ostrich egg or so, some fishing-tackle, and an extraordinarily dirty, empty glass fish tank. There was also, at the moment the story begins, a mass of crystal, worked into the shape of an egg and brilliantly polished. " The reader can conclude which of the following based on the this passage? A) The owner of the antique store was quite wealthy B) The crystal shaped egg will be an important detail in the story C) The crystal shaped egg will be stolen from the store D) The story takes place a year ago

B) The crystal shaped egg will be an important detail in the story

Which of the following is true about rephrasing a complex text? A) A reader should skim the text to rephrase the gist of it B) The reader should simplify the ideas using his or her own words C) The reader should capture all the repetition from the text in the rephrasing D) The reader should use the same level of vocabulary as used in the text

B) The reader should simplify the ideas using his or her own words a good understanding is needed for the reader to simplify and clarify the controlling idea and key points

"Justin and Lisa love to entertain. Every summer they always host a neighborhood barbeque that lasts all day. It is quite the talk of the neighborhood. Planning or the party each year takes them a good 3 months to get everything in order. First there is the date to select for the event to take place. That happens just before the end of the year before the party. After they have a date confirmed , then they can start to plan everything else. First, they decide on a theme for the party because every party needs a theme. Second, they make the list of attendees. Last year there were old neighbors who moved away and new ones who moved in. Once they know how many people they plan to invite, and always everyone attends, then they will plan the menu. Justin likes to cook a variety of foods on the grill. Lisa always needs to remind him to not put every item on the grill at the same time. Every year she tells him to put the steaks on first because they take the longest to cook just right. Then, put on the chicken because that takes the next longest. Finally, put on the salmon because that takes the least amount of time. Two years ago Justin threw everything on the grill at once and the steaks were too rare for even the most ravenous carnivore to enjoy. Once the salmon is on, then her should put on the cobs of corn. Lastly, he needs to put the fresh baguettes lengthwise and put them face down onto the grill to the insides grill and not the outer crust." Which of the following is most likely reason the author chose to use sequential ordering when referring to the planning of the barbeque party? A) She wanted her information to be in a fixed order. B) They wanted to be organized and be certain they didn't forget something important. C) They wanted their party to be flashy and sparkly. D) They wanted to tell their guests when the party would take place.

B) They wanted to be organized and be certain they didn't forget something important.

If you are reading a complex text and you come to a word you do not know, which of the following should you do? A) Guess at the meaning based on the context B) Write it down and look up the meaning after finishing the reading C) Skip the word so you can continue reading D) Write it down, but forget abut the word after the reading

B) Write it down and look up the meaning after finishing the reading

"Sue's mother told her she could can select flowers for their garden. She could choose any kind she wanted in any combination with two conditions: one, she needed 100 flowers total; and two, there could be no more than 40 pink flowers total. When they got to the nursery, Sue found the flowers she wanted. She had a few prepackaged groups to choose from. Sue had to make some choices to meet the her conditions. -Young Gardner: 20 yellow dandelions, 50 red gerbera daisies, 30 pink gladiolas -Bunny Rabbit Surprise: 10 yellow dandelions, 40 red tulips, 15 pink gladiolas, 25 red gerbera daisies, and 10 pink roses. -Hummingbird House Warmer: 40 yellow dandelions, 40 red tulips, and 20 pink roses -Spring Selection: 10 yellow dandelions, 10 red tulips, 45 pink gladiolas, 25 red gerbera daisies, and 10 pink roses Which of the following did Sue have available to her? Choose all that apply. A) Young Gardener only B) Young Gardener, Bunny Rabbit Surprise, and Hummingbird House C) Hummingbird package and the Spring Selection D) Bunny Rabbit Surprise only

B) Young Gardener, Bunny Rabbit Surprise, and Hummingbird House

Graphic Representations can be expressed as/are...

Bar, pie, and flow charts, (line) graphs, maps, and illustrations

"Justin and Lisa love to entertain. Every summer they always host a neighborhood barbeque that lasts all day. It is quite the talk of the neighborhood. Planning or the party each year takes them a good 3 months to get everything in order. First there is the date to select for the event to take place. That happens just before the end of the year before the party. After they have a date confirmed , then they can start to plan everything else. First, they decide on a theme for the party because every party needs a theme. Second, they make the list of attendees. Last year there were old neighbors who moved away and new ones who moved in. Once they know how many people they plan to invite, and always everyone attends, then they will plan the menu. Justin likes to cook a variety of foods on the grill. Lisa always needs to remind him to not put every item on the grill at the same time. Every year she tells him to put the steaks on first because they take the longest to cook just right. Then, put on the chicken because that takes the next longest. Finally, put on the salmon because that takes the least amount of time. Two years ago Justin threw everything on the grill at once and the steaks were too rare for even the most ravenous carnivore to enjoy. Once the salmon is on, then her should put on the cobs of corn. Lastly, he needs to put the fresh baguettes lengthwise and put them face down onto the grill to the insides grill and not the outer crust." Which of the following words are signal words for sequential ordering? A) Today, yesterday, later, now, last year B) Always, rarely, often, never, seldom C) First, second, next, last, then, finally D) All year, all season, all day, since, one day

C) First, second, next, last, then, finally

"Georgia is a new member of the Rhodesian ridgeback club. She has been assigned the task of finding a way for members to communicate with each other, to compare notes on breeding, training, and to organize meet-ups in the community. Georgia knows there are many sources, but she is not sure which one to use. " Which of the following is the best type of print communication for the Rhodesian ridgeback club to use to meet their goals? A) Blog B) Memos C) Forum D) Signs with pictures of dogs playing

C) Forum

"There is much more to training a horse than giving it a name. The most important element in the training is time. A trainer must be willing to prepared to spend time everyday with the equine. Ground and body work must be implemented every session. The ground can consist of backing strategies and include ropes routinely wrapping the different parts of the horse's body. All in all, the name is important but it is only the beginning." Reread the passage. Which of the following statements is a supporting detail? A) All in all, the name is important but it is only the beginning. B) There is much more to training a horse than giving it a name. C) Ground and body work must be implemented every session. D) Training a horse can be time consuming.

C) Ground and body work must be implemented every session.

"When the weather is nice, its absolutely fabulous here in Emerald City! Unfortunately for those of us living here, that only happens with any certainty about 2 months out of the year. It is pretty much guaranteed that it will rain 10 months out of the year. Or, if its not actually raining, the sky will be filled with clouds that threaten to open at a moment's notice. The saying is, "If you don't like the weather now, wait 5 minutes." But those 2 months when not a cloud is near, the temperatures hover at mid to high 70s, the flowers are in bloom, all the trees have their leaves, and if we're lucky on warmer days, the water in the lake will be warm enough to actually go swimming in. Seattleites do love their outdoor activities and it takes a lot for us to stay indoors. Many will venture out in the rain on their bikes or go running mid-downpour. Seattle is especially a very bike-friendly city which is a huge plus considering the number of people living here who ride their bikes as their main form of transportation. There is pretty much something for everyone, except for the avid year-round swimmer, who will usually take their sport to an indoor swimming pool. All in all, Seattle is a great place to live." The main idea of the passage is, "When the weather is nice, its absolutely fabulous here in Emerald City!" Which of the following sentences does not support this idea? A) But those 2 months when not a cloud is near, the temperatures hover at mid to high 70s, the flowers are in bloom, all the trees have their leaves, and if we're lucky on warmer days, the water in the lake will be warm enough to actually go swimming in. B) Seattle is especially a very bike-friendly city. C) The saying is, "If you don't like the weather now, wait 5 minutes." D) There is pretty much something for everyone, except for the avid year-round swimmer, who will usually take their sport to an indoor swimming pool.

C) The saying is, "If you don't like the weather now, wait 5 minutes." doesn't support main idea

"Lucy thought she had never seen anything more beautiful; but Miss Lavish, with a shriek of dismay, dragged her forward, declaring that they were out of the path now by at least a mile. The hour was approaching at which the continental breakfast begins, or rather ceases, to tell, and the ladies bought some hot chestnut paste out of a little shop, because it looked so typical. It tasted partly of the paper in which it was wrapped, partly of hair oil, partly of the great unknown. But it gave them strength to drift into another Piazza, large and dusty, on the farther side of which rose a black and white facade of surpassing ugliness." What can you conclude about the women in the passage? A) They are miserable and wish they had never come to this place. B) They are thrilled to be in their exotic locale C) They are in an unfamiliar place but are trying to experience as much of it as they can D) There is not enough info to conclude anything about the women in this passage

C) They are in an unfamiliar place but are trying to experience as much of it as they can

Pomeranians, which today typically weigh between 4 and 7 pounds, descended from much larger dogs from the Arctic region. They are named for the Pomerania area of Central Europe and are descended from the spitz, which is German for "sharp point". It is interesting to note that during the sinking of the Titanic two Pomeranian dogs survived. Queen Victoria famously owned an especially small Pomeranian, and this is how the small variety became most popular. Just during the queen's lifetime, the size of the breed decreased by half. The queen also had a number of collies and spaniels during her reign. Most Poms are friendly and playful, but they can become aggressive towards other dogs. You may notice that other small dogs have this tendency too. Today, Poms are amoung the most popular breed of dogs in the United States." Which of the following sentences contains information relevant to the main idea of the passage? A)It is interesting to note that during the sinking of the Titantic, two Pomeranian dogs survived. B) You may have noticed that other small dogs have this tendency too. C) They are named for the Pomerania area of Central Europe and are descended from the Spitz D) The queen also had a number of collies and spaniels during her reign.

C) They are named for the Pomerania area of Central Europe and are descended from the Spitz This is relevant because it gives a specific detail about the history of the breed.

"It has often been assumed that man has chosen for domestication animals and plants having an extraordinary inherent tendency to vary, and likewise to withstand diverse climates." Which of the following is the meaning of the word diverse in the sentence above? A) simple B) turbulent C) different D) dry

C) different this is the meaning of diverse and it fits the sentence

"1) Prewriting. First, a writer must find a topic or idea by surveying day-to-day experiences, childhood memories, class topics, etc. Then a writer must build upon it by free writing. Finally, the writer must plan and structure (outline) the writing. The structure must be relevant to the writing prompt or genre 2) Draft. This step is very similar to free writing in that the author does not worry about conventions. However, the author will use outline as a guide. This is the first draft and offers much more freedom to the writer. 3) Revision. The third step includes 4 components. It is the step that makes writing "beefy". First, the author must look at the draft and add info to clarify and enhance the text for the reader. Second, the author must rearrange the text so the flow, pace, and sequence of events are in logical order. Third, the author must remove any unnecessary info or description. Fourth, the author must identify weak info or description and replace with effective text 4) Editing. The text has been reviewed and revised for big ideas. Now it is time to fine-tune the piece of writing . This is the time to check--carefully and diligently-- the spelling and grammar. Most importantly, the author needs to make sure the text flows and keeps the reader engaged. 5) Publishing. This final step in the writing process is publishing the text. This can include posting for a class, printing advertisement, or sending a finalized letter." Which of the following is not a step in the revision process? A) add info to the draft B) rearrange the text C) edit the sentences D) remove unnecessary info

C) edit the sentences

Which of the following describes a key point? A) it rephrases the controlling idea B) it is the main idea the author is expressing about the topic C) it provides support for the controlling idea D) it provides a digression from the topic

C) it provides support for the controlling idea ALL the key points within a text SHOULD support the controlling idea

"Markus is the new president of the homeowner's association. He is also new to the neighborhood. He would like to host a get-together so that he can meet his neighbors in a casual environment and also so the neighbors can get to know each other better. Markus wants to make a good impression, but he has only two weeks before the get-together due to availability of the space he wants to use." What type of printed communication is best for Markus to use? A) formal handwritten letter B) blog C) public announcement in the form of a sandwich board D) classified ad to ask for people to attend the meeting

C) public announcement in the form of a sandwich board

"Every two weeks, when Ray arrives home, the first thing he does is put his bag of muddy, oily clothes on top of the industrial washing machine he and Lori purchased last year. Lori insisted they buy the washing machine so she could do his laundry separate from the family's daily wash. After he unpacks from his 2 weeks away, he showers in order to be refreshed for his family. Then, he plays some games in the yard with the kids. Finally, the family goes to dinner so Lori doesn't have to make dinner and do the laundry." Which of the following is Ray's job? A) farrier B) teacher C) rig worker D) electrician

C) rig worker clues like every 2 weeks, muddy, oily combine with reader's knowledge of oil rigs

"The fisherman stood on the banks of the lake, eyeing the sluggish fish come close to his line but never bite. As he waited for the sun to go behind the mountain, the sweat stains in his shirt grew in diameter. " Draw a conclusion based on the text.

Conclusion: The man is fishing in the midafternoon and it is too hot for the fish to bite. It is safe to predict that he thinks he will have better success in the evening.

"Due to high levels of rain this spring, residents of Garfield Street are warned to prepare for flooding by collecting and storing valuables, and finding shelter for pets. Valuables include photo albums, letters, and financial records. Consider purchasing a rental space or contacting community members for garage space. In order to protect your pets, consider calling the local veterinarian animal shelter for short-term care." Which of the following statements is the topic sentence? A) Consider purchasing a rental space or contacting community members for garage space B) Valuables include photo albums, letters, and financial records C) In order to protect your pets, consider calling the local veterinarian or animal shelter for short-term care D) Due to high levels of rain this spring, residents of Garfield Street are warned to prepare for flooding by collecting and storing valuables, and finding shelter for pets

D) Due to high levels of rain this spring, residents of Garfield Street are warned to prepare for flooding by collecting and storing valuables, and finding shelter for pets

"Meteors are fascinating and even dangerous because although they can teach us more about other planets, they can also cause harm space stations." Which of the following would be an acceptable key point or supportive statement to the controlling idea above? A) Meteors rule B) Meteors might disappear someday C) A meteor is a piece of stone in space D) Meteor detection satellites are used to anticipate the damage that meteor showers can wreak on space stations

D) Meteor detection satellites are used to anticipate the damage that meteor showers can wreak on space stations contains facts supporting the controlling idea

"The following study is from a simple question, "What motivates boys to read a particular book?" Is it a matter of gender identity? Are they making a claim to their masculinity? Or is it simply about interests-- football, wrestling, basketball, and all things that are scary and surreal? As a teacher of reading, I know motivation plays a significant role in a child's reading ability and, consequently, future success. As an educator it is common knowledge to use materials that are interesting to students while incorporating state standards, benchmarks, and curriculum. After weighing many variables. The following study was designed to try to answer these questions as they pertain to a group of fifth-grade boys." What is the topic sentence? A) Is it a matter of gender identity? B) After weighing the many variables, the following study was designed to try to answer these questions as they pertain to a group of fifth grade boys. C) Or is it simply about interests-- footballs, basketball, and all things that are scary and surreal? D) The following stemmed from as simple question, "what motivates boys to read a particular book?"

D) The following stemmed from as simple question, "what motivates boys to read a particular book?"

"I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch--- hay fever, I fancy it was. I got down the book and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idyll turned the leaves, and began to indolently study diseases, generally. I forget which was the first distemper I plunged into-- some fearful devastating scourge, I know-- and before I had glanced half down the list of "premonitory symptoms" it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it. I sat for awhile, frozen with horror; and then, listlessness in despair, I again turned over the pages. I came to typhoid fever-- read the symptoms--discovered I had typhoid fever, must have had it for months without knowing it-- wondered what else I got; turned up St. Vitus's Dance-- found, as I expected, that I had too, ---- began to get interested in the case and determined to sift it to the bottom, and so started alphabetically-- read up ague, and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that acute stage would commence in about fortnight. Bright's disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in modified form, and, so far as that was concerned, I might live for years. Cholera I had, with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with. I plodded conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude I had not got was housemaid's knee." Which of the following is a sound conclusion based off of the passage? A) The narrator is extremely sick but doesn't realize it B) The narrator is likely a doctor since he has a good understanding of the symptoms of various diseases C) The narrator has something called housemaid's knee. D) The narrator is convinced that he has very disease he reads about.

D) The narrator is convinced that he has very disease he reads about. he believes he many diseases simply from reading the symptoms

"North of Bostons is Elizabeth Elo's debut novel, and to me is a real winner. It certainly held my interest and I found that, at times, I was unable to put the book down. Pirio Kasparov, heir to a very successful perfume buisness which her Russian immigrant parents founded, is our protagonist. She is a gritty, smart, and complex woman. When Pirio's mother died, the girl was just 10 years old. Her deceased mother's will stipulates that when Pirio turns 21 years old, she will inherit her mother's share of the extremely wealthy business, Inessa Mark, Inc. and that if she wants full ownership, the company would revert to her upon her eccentric father's death. Pirio has joined the company where she works as "CEO in training." Scent permeates much of the novel-- the scent of perfume, ambergris, herbs, flowers, etc. And the smells of the seas also play an important part in the author's descriptive passages." Which of the following words are examples of implicit information? A) gritty, smart and complex B) very successful C) eccentric father's death D) all of the above

D) all of the above they are either descriptive words or subjective to the authors point of view and personal history.

To discern valid info provided/ to determine if the info provided is valid you should ask yourself......

Does it make sense? Does the authors viewpoints create a bias to the info presented? (opinion based)

What questions would you be asking yourself if you wanted to delineate an argument the author is making?

Does the authors claim make any logical sense? Are there any flaws in the argument? you can determine that the passage is not accurate if the author's claim doesnt make sense or its points are invalid

objective language

Factual, neutral words; avoids making a judgement or evoking emotion

When identifying/rephrasing key points it is important to ask yourself...

How do these points illustrate the topic sentence?

"Due to the nature of the washing mechanisms located inside of washer, the water is hotter near the top and the jets create a far greater amount of water pressure to clean the silverware. However, some people feel it is important to load the dishwasher with the tines, cutting edges, and ladles facing down so as not to actually touch the portion of silverware others will also touch when eating their food." What word(s) are examples of subjective language in the passage?

However, some people FEEL it is important.....

key ideas

Ideas/information that support the controlling idea. if it doesn't, than its not a key point

Subjective language

Language that expresses an opinion, makes a judgement, or evokes emotion

"Every two weeks, when Ray arrives home, the first thing he does is put his bag of muddy, oily clothes on top of the industrial washing machine he and Lori purchased last year. Lori insisted they buy the washing machine so she could do his laundry separate from the family's daily wash. After he unpacks from his 2 weeks away, he showers in order to be refreshed for his family. Then, he plays some games in the yard with the kids. Finally, the family goes to dinner so Lori doesn't have to make dinner and do the laundry." What conclusions could you draw about Ray and Lori's relationship?

Ray respects Lori and the amount of work she has to do when he gets home. "family goes to dinner so Lori doesnt have to make dinner or do laundry

classified advertisement

Text formatted promotion used in print or internet media. Inexpensive and can be managed through email. I.e. Craigslist

logic

The framework of reasoning used to understand ideas

"There is much more to training a horse than giving it a name. The most important element in the training is time. A trainer must be willing to prepared to spend time everyday with the equine. Ground and body work must be implemented every session. The ground can consist of backing strategies and include ropes routinely wrapping the different parts of the horse's body. All in all, the name is important but it is only the beginning." What does the topic sentence imply?

The phrase "much more training" tells the reader that more information is coming in the paragraph. (but names are still important)

In the example, "VIRUSES ARE SPREAD IN A NUMBER OF WAYS." what is the topic?

Viruses

Chronological order words (3 types)

WHEN: today, yesterday, later, now, last year HOW: always, rarely, often, never, seldom LENGTH OF TIME: all year, all season, all day, since, one day

"There was a time when I would have put up with his dismissive behavior, but those days, I'm happy to report are long gone." What can we infer about the passage? What can we conclude?

We can infer the reading was a more passive person based on the key terms related to chronology and we can infer that the writer prefers his/her current attitude based on key term related to a value judgement. We can conclude from theses inferences that the writer had a confrontation with the person mentioned.

When reading the topic sentence, what question should you be asking yourself?

What am I reading about?

what questions should you ask yourself when using forms of communications?

Who is your audience? Tone? Formal/informal? How will the audience find the info?

If you keep in mind the 5 Ws (and H)-- ____, ____, ___, ____, ____, and ____, --while reading a passage, and _______ the information provided , then you are sure to have the facts of the information you are reading.

Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How underlining

Conclusion

a deduction made by a reader about an unstated outcome from a reading passage

Graphic

a diagram, graph, illustration, or other piece of artwork does not need text if well thought out

topic

a noun or noun phrase that encapsulates the subject matter of the writing

memorandum

a written informal note usually used for business purposes; "memos"; facts, straightfoward

forum

an online message board; ex: college class

Irrelevant details

are unrelated, and at times, random

"I have two cats. Angelo never likes to lie in the sun, while, my other cat, Matisse, loves the sun. She will lie in the sun as often as she can, which is unfortunately very seldom since we live in a basement apartment and it rarely gets any direct sunlight." What is the chronological/sequential words?

chronological (how) - never, often, seldom, rarely

"Greg just graduated from college with a horticulture degree. One of the first things he learned was that evergreens will stay green all year. Perennials will re-bloom all season." What is the chronological/sequential words?

chronological (length of time): all year, all season

explicit

clearly stated

delineate

describe or portray (something) precisely.

Ways to gather implicit info include ___________ ____ and _______.

descriptive words and phrases

Supporting detail (Information) that elaborates on the main idea sometimes give a greater sense of ________ to the main idea.

emotion ex: sensory descriptions that evoke a place and time from the past

rephrase

explain an idea in different words

The first four Ws will provide _____ information in the text, while the last two will provide _____ information.

explicit, implicit

Supporting details that explains the main idea support the topic and main idea by presenting ____ and _________.

facts and statements delineates why

What are some examples of signal words?

first, second, next, last, then, finally, while, before, now, when, after

Words that signal sequential order

first, second, then, at the beginning, finally, now, prior to, next, while, when, afterward, last, before, after, subsequently

sequence

fixed order in which there is a logical pattern ex: pages in a book

In order to comprehend/summarize a complex text, you must identify the ______, identify the ____ ______ and ______ the _____ _____.

identify the topic identify the key points and rephrase key points

implicit, implication

implied or understood though not directly expressed

inference vs. conclusion

inference suggests ideas by details and evidence in a passage V.S. conclusion asks the reader to analyze and make a decision based on predictions, details, evidence, and results

once the reader has identified the topic (and the controlling idea), the next step is to identify and rephrase..

key points

In order to use text to make sense of a passage, one must observe ____, ______ arguments, and discern _____ info provided by the author. Then the reader must combine _______ experiences and what the author has provided to draw inference from the selection.

observe facts, delineate arguments, and discern valid info provided by the author. individual experiences + info author gives = ability to draw an inference

Using the breakdown of the key ideas, we are now able to ______ the text, by evaluating the similarities and differences in the key ideas.

paraphrase

list 5 opportunities to write procedural texts.

recipes, scientific labs, creating a web page, or playing scales on a musical instrument, etc.

relevant details

relate back to the topic sentence

supporting details

relate to the main idea; develop--through explanation, elaboration, or clarification-- the idea portrayed in the topic sentence

Explicit terms include _________ and ___________

sequence and chronology

"There is much more to training a horse than giving it a name. The most important element in the training is time. A trainer must be willing to prepared to spend time everyday with the equine. Ground and body work must be implemented every session. The ground can consist of backing strategies and include ropes routinely wrapping the different parts of the horse's body. All in all, the name is important but it is only the beginning." How does the summary sentence support the topic sentence?

shows paragraph is concluding; reiterates to importance of naming horse

In the example, "VIRUSES ARE SPREAD IN A NUMBER OF WAYS." what is controlling idea?

spread in a number of ways

In the example, "Viruses are spread in a number of ways. These are typically categorized as contact or non contact modes of transmission. Contact modes include: droplet spray, when the virus drops, as a result of coughing or sneezing, into or onto exposed mucus membranes; indirect transmission, when the virus is shared through an object surface; and direct transmission, when the virus is shared through direct person to person contact. Non-contact spread of viruses can occur through airborne aerosols, when the virus diffuses through the air into the lungs." How do the key points illustrate the topic sentence?

the key ideas illustrates the topic sentence by describing how the spread of viruses is categorized and defining four modes of transmission.

controlling idea

the main idea of a text; the "what about it" that the author is trying to convey with regard to the topic?

What are elements of graphic representations?

title and subheads

Graphic Representations can illustrate diverse topics and designs but common features include (4)

titles, subheads, keys/legends, scales

"Today the weather is quite hot." What is the chronological/sequential words?

today -- chronological (when)

when creating a memo it is important to include: (6)

whom the memo is for, whom it is from, the date it is written, the subject, the body, and a conclusion

To identify the controlling idea, ask yourself.....

why the author is writing about the topic and what points the author is making about the topic What is important to know about it?

chronological

words that follow a set order of time