Automate the Boring Stuff with Python Ch.2

What are the 3 rules for blocks?

- Begin when the indentation increases - Can contain other blocks - End when the indentation decreases to zero or to a containing block's indentation

What does an elif statement consist of?

- The elif keyword - A condition (an expression that evaluates to True or False) - A colon - Starting on the next line, and indented block of code (called the elif clause)

What does an else statement consist of?

- The else keyword - A colon - Starting on the next line, and indented block of code (call the else clause)

What does a for statement consist of?

- The for keyword - A variable name - The in keyword - A call to the range() method with up to three integers passed to it - A colon - Starting on the next line, and indented block of code (called the for clause)

What does an if statement consist of?

- The if keyword - A condition (that is, an expression that evaluates to True or False) - A colon - Starting on the next line, an indented block of code (called the if clause)

What does an import statement consist of?

- The import keyword - The name of the module - Optionally, more module names, as long as they are separated by commas

What does a while statement consist of?

- The while keyword - A condition (an expression that evaluates to True or False) - A colon - Starting on the next line, and indented block of code (called the while clause)

What are the only two values associated with the Boolean data type?

- True - False

What are the 3 Boolean Operators?

- and - or - not

What are the comparison operators?

== (Equal to) != (Not equal to) < (Less than) > (Greater than) <= (Less than or equal to) >= (Greater than or equal to)

Break Statement

A shortcut to getting the program execution to break out of a while loop's clause early

Program Execution (or simply, execution)

A term for the current instruction being executed

Infinite Loop

A while loop whose condition is always True

Conditions

Always evaluate down to a Boolean value, True or False

elif statement

An "else-if" statement that always follows an if or another elif statement & it provides another condition that is checked only if all of the previous conditions were False

What determines if an if statement's clause (the block following the if statement) will or will not execute?

An if statement's clause will execute if the statement's condition is True. The clause is skipped if the condition is False.

Flow Control Statements

Can decide which Python instructions to execute under which conditions

Comparison Operators

Compare two values and evaluate down to a single Boolean value

What does the random.randint() function call do?

Evaluates to a random integer between the two integers that you pass it

What is the most common type of flow control statement?

If statement

Blocks

Lines of Python code that are grouped together

When can you use break and continue statements?

Only inside while and for loops

When is an else clause executed?

Only when the if statement's condition is False

not Operator

Operates on only one Boolean value (or expression) and simply evaluates to the opposite Boolean value

CTRL + C

Sends a KeyboardInterrupt error to your program and causes it to stop immediately

Binary Operators

The and & or operators always take two Boolean values (or expressions)

What is the difference between a while statement and an if statement?

The difference is how they behave. At the end of an if clause, the program execution continues after the if statement. But at the end of a while clause, the program execution jumps back to the start of the while statement.

Range() Function Arguments

The first argument will be where the for loop's variable starts, and the second argument will be up to, but not including, the number to stop at. The third argument is the step argument, which is the amount that the variable is increased by after each iteration

The code in a while clause will be executed as long as the while statement's condition is ____

True

For Statement

Used when you want to execute a block of code only a certain number of times

Continue Statement

When the program execution reaches this, the program execution immediately jumps back to the start of the loop and reevaluates the loop's condition

What is the while clause often called?

While loop / Loop

Flow control statements often start with a part called the _________, and all are followed by a block of code called the ______

condition, clause

What is an example of how a for statement looks?

for i in range(5):

You can make a block of code execute over and over again with a _____ statement

while