AVEDA: Chapter 3 Anatomy and Physiology

Which arteries supply blood to the face head and neck?

Common carotid arteries

Breathing through the nose is healthier than breathing through the mouth because the nose:

Contains mucus membrane that filter out dust

The muscles that controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward is the:

Corrugator

What is the role of epithelial tissue?

Cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

the parietal bones form the:

Crown and upper sides of the head

Most of the activities of production of the cell take place in the:

Cytoplasm

The seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column and are often manipulated in extended scalp massage are called the:

Cervical vertebrae

When a professional cosmetologist performs a massage manipulation, what system is generally directly influenced and stimulated?

Circulatory

Bone is composed of 1/3 organic matter and:

2/3 mineral matter

Mary is performing a scalp massage on a client. Which of the following bones would be most affected by the massage Mary is offering? A. Frontal B. Ethmoid C. Sphenoid D. Phalanges

A. Frontal

The process of building up larger molecules from small ones is:

Anabolism

Which artery supplies the sides of the nose with blood?

Angular

Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart are:

Arteries

The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and the:

Autonomic nervous system

Which of the following is NOT an example of metabolism? A. Building up of larger molecules from smaller ones B. Controlling the basic functions and activities of the cell C. Release energy to perform specific body functions D. Breaking down of larger molecules or substances into smaller ones

B. Controlling no the basic functions and activities of the cell

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A. Allowing body movement B. Sending and receiving body messages C. Surrounding and protecting internal organs D. Providing a frame to which muscles can attach

B. Sending and receiving body messages

One function of the muscular system includes supporting the: A. Brain B. Skeletal system C. Digestive system D. Endocrine system

B. Skeletal system

The occipital artery supplies blood to the:

Back of the head

What is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body?

Blood

Osteology is the area of science that is the study of:

Bones

Which of the following terms describes the largest nerve tissue in the human body?

Brain

Which of the following list of components works in harmony to receive and interpret stimuli and sends the resulting impulses to the appropriate tissues muscles and organs?

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Which of the following nerves extends to the muscles of the mouth?

Buccal

Which branch of the cervical nerve extends into the side and front of the neck to the breastbone?

Cervical cutaneous

Which area of science involves the study of the organs and systems of the body?

C. Anatomy

The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is called:

Catabolism

The outer surface of all the cell that encloses the protoplasm is known as the:

Cell membrane

The brain, spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves make up the:

Central nervous system

Long bones are found in the:

Legs

The gastrointestinal system includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Pharynx B. Stomach C. Esophagus D. Lymph nodes

D. Lymph Nodes

All of the following are bones of the cranium EXCEPT: A. Frontal B. Occipital C. Temporal D. Metacarpal

D. Metacarpal

Raising the upper lip is accomplished by which of the following muscles? A. Risorius B. Masseter C. Temporalis D. Quadratus labii superioris

D. Quadratus labii superioris

Which nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles?

Efferent

Which system is comprised of glands that manufacture chemical substances called hormones?

Endocrine

Which muscles straightens the fingers and wrist?

Extensor

Which artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face, including the mouth and nose?

External maxillary

The primary motor nerve of the face is the:

Facial nerve

The trifacial nerve is also known as the

Fifth cranial nerve

Which muscle bends the wrist and closes the fingers?

Flexor

Which artery supplies blood to the lower lip?

Inferior labial

Which nerve extends to the lower eyelid, side of the nose upper lip and mouth?

Infraorbital

Why is the respiratory system important to the functioning of the body?

Inhalation of oxygen

Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the:

Insertion to origin

The skin makes up the:

Integumentary system

The point T which two or more bones are joined together is called a:

Joint

The smallest bones of the facial skeleton that form the front part of the inner bottom wall of the eye socket are the:

Lacrimal

The lower chambers of the heart include the

Left and right ventricle

What nourishes the parts of the body not reached by blood?

Lymph

The structure filters out toxic substances, like bacteria, and adds antibodies to the lymph fluid?

Lymph nodes

Which body system may display localized swelling as a result of an infection?

Lymph vascular

What is the largest bone of the facial skeleton?

Mandible

The five long thin bones that form the palm of the hand are the:

Metacarpals

Myology is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the:

Muscles

What tissue contracts when stimulated to produce muscle?

Muscular

What type of tissue coordinates body functions in addition to carrying messages to and from the brain and spinal cord?

Nerve

Located at the end of each axon and responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell in the form of nerve impulses is a:

Nerve terminal

Another name for a nerve cell is:

Neuron

Which type of muscle responds automatically to control various body functions?

Non-striated

The control center of cell activities is called:

Nucleus

What 3 basic parts of cells are found in all human cells?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

What muscle circles the eyesocket and closes the eyelids

Obicularis oculi

The epicranius is formed by two muscles called the frontalis and the:

Occipitalis

Which of the following terms is the main nerve branch to the top one-third of the face?

Ophthalmic

Which muscles circles the mouth and is responsible for puckering and wrinkling the lips?

Orbicularis oris

A separate body structure composed of two or more cells of different tissues in an:

Organ

The non-moving portion of the muscle attached to bone or other fixed muscle is the:

Origin

What is the technical term for bone?

Os

Which artery supplies blood to the crown and sides of the head?

Parietal

The heart muscle is entirely encased in membrane called the:

Pericardium

The fluid part of the blood is called:

Plasma

Which muscle is located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose and is responsible for drawing down and wrinkling the area across the bridge of the nose?

Procerus

Why is peristalsis important in the overall functioning of the digestive system?

Propels food down the esophagus

What muscle pulls the lower lip down or to the side?

Quadratus labii inferioris

Which nerve extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand?

Radial

The large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle is called the:

Scapula

Which body system has the function to give the body shape and strength?

Skeletal system

Which system has the function of surrounding and protecting internal organs?

Skeletal system

Which system is the physical foundation of the body?

Skeletal system

Which muscles are used when nodding "yes" or "no"?

Sternocleido Mastoideus

Jane, a skin care client, comments after a facial with massage service they her tight fatigued muscles now feel relaxed and soothed. Which of the following statements describes what caused the effect?

Stimulation of sensitive nerve tissues

The muscles that respond to command regulated by will are referred to as:

Striated

The chin and lower lip are supplied with blood by which artery?

Submental

Which smaller branch of the external maxillary artery supplies blood to the upper lip and septum?

Superior labial

The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the:

Supinator

A division of the ophthalmic branch that affects the upper eyelid, eyebrow, forehead and scalp is the:

Supraorbital

Which artery supplies blood to parts of the forehead and eyes?

Supraorbital

A group of body structures that, together, perform one or more vital functions of the body is a:

System

What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek?

Temporal

The two bones located on either side of the head above the ears and below the parietal bones are the:

Temporal bones

The coordination of which two muscles enables the body to perform chewing (mastication)?

Temporalis and masseter

What component of blood gives the body the ability to stop the flow of blood when the protective layer of the skin is broken?

Thrombocytes

Drawing the head back and elevating the shoulders are functions controlled by the:

Trapezius

The cranial nerve responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain in the:

Trifacial

The bone located on the little finger side of the lower forearm is the:

Ulna

Which nerve extends down the little finger side of the arm and into the palm of the hand?

Ulnar

Which vessels are dark red in color because they carry impure blood (blood carrying carbon dioxide) back from the capillaries to the heart?

Veins

Cells that fights bacteria and other foreign substances are called leukocytes or:

White blood cells

The 8 carpals held together with ligaments make up the:

Wrist

The upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket are formed by the malar, also called:

Zygomatic

What branch of the facial nerve extends to the upper muscles of the cheek?

Zygomatic