AVMG 4130 FINAL EXAM
crisis comms: COVID-19
- MESSAGE DISCIPLINE: HARTSFIELD-JACKSON IS OWNED AND RUN BY THE CITY OF ATLANTA; THE MAYOR IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATIONS AND COMMUNICAITONS OF THE AIRPORT - BE AWARE OF ALL CONSTITUENCIES: TSA, CBP, CDC, AIRLINES, CONCESSIONAIRES - SOCIAL MEDIA CAN FRAME A STORY IN SECONDS; MAKE SURE UPDATES ARE TIMELY, CORRECT, AND APPROPRIATE - WORK COLLABORATIVELY WITH COLLEAGUES ACROSS THE INDUSTRY
emergency operations center
- activated during certain emergencies provides support to incident command coordinated support functions
tarmac delays
- airports and airlines must have a contingency plan to deal with tarmac delays - domestic passenger aircraft are not allowed to sit for more than 3 hours from the time the door closes until takeoff - international passenger aircraft are not allowed to sit for more than 4 hours from the time the door closes until takeoff
intergovermental affairs personnel
- build relationships with city and county elected officials in adjacent districts - help resolve issues between the airport and regulatory agencies, or to help government agencies promote their special programs such as TSA's PreCheck or CBP's Global Entry . - reduce airport legal fees by assessing legal blowback of airport decisions and by assisting Air Service Development (ASD) teams in conducting community, international, and cultural outreach
Airport communications centers
- computer-aided dispatch - coordination of airside and landside emergencies - monitoring of weather - security access control - CCTV
security operations center
- monitor access to restricted areas - alarm notification during the breach of a sterile area - recording and reviewing events through closed circuit TV - responding with security and law enforcement to incidents
role of airport communications dispatcher
- receive and process emergency and nonemergency calls - identify emergency and nonemergency situations - make decisions regarding the type of response appropriate for the circumstances - understand and protect sensitive information
Aircraft Accident
- response phase - investigation phase --evidence at the scene must be protected --the investigation is usually conducted by the NTSB - recovery phase
Exclusive Area Agreements and Tennant Security Programs
-Exclusive Area Agreements: •Regulated Parties operating under Part 1544 or Part 1546 •Domestic or International Airline -Airport Tenant Security Program •Applies to Non-regulated tenants •FBO, Corporate operators •Specialized Aviation Service Operators
Airport Security Program-Sample Table of Contents
1. Airport Security Coordinator • a. Specific name and contact information • b. Duties • c. Training requirements • 2. Reserved • 3. Description of the Secured Areas, including: • a. Description and map detailing boundaries and pertinent features • b. Map(s) of Secured Areas [if separated from text] • c. Each activity or entity on, or adjacent to, a Secured Area that affects security • d. Systems, measures, or procedures used to perform the access control functions required under § 1542.201(b)(1) • e. Procedures to control movement within the Secured Area, including identification media required under §1542.201(b)(3) • f. A description of the notification signs required under §1542.201(b)(6) • 4. Description of the AOA, including: • a. A description and map detailing boundaries and pertinent features • b. Map(s) of AOA [if separated from text] • c. Each activity or entity on, or adjacent to, an AOA that affects security • d. Systems, measures, or procedures used to perform the access control functions required under §1542.203(b)(1) • e. Procedures to control movement within the AOA, including identification media, as appropriate • f. A description of notification signs required under §1542.203(b)(4) • 5. Description of the SIDAs, including: • a. A description and map detailing boundaries and pertinent features • b. Map(s) of SIDAs [if separated from text] • c. Each activity or entity on, or adjacent to, a SIDA • 6. Description of the sterile areas, including: • a. A diagram with dimensions detailing boundaries and pertinent features • b. Access controls to be used when the passenger-screening checkpoint is non-operational and the entity responsible for access control • c. Systems, measures, or procedures used to control access as specified in §1542.207 • 7. Procedures used to comply with §1542.209 regarding employment history, verification, and criminal history records checks • 8. Description of personnel identification systems as described in §1542.211 • 9. Escort procedures in accordance with §1542.211(e) • 10. Challenge procedures in accordance with §1542.211(d) • 11. Training programs required under §1542.213 and 1542.217(c)(2), if applicable • 12. Description of law enforcement support used to comply with §1542.215(a) • 13. System for maintaining records described in §1542.221 • 14. Procedures and a description of facilities and equipment used to support aircraft operators or foreign air carrier screening functions of §1544.201 or 1546 • 15. Contingency plan required under §1542.301 • 16. Procedures for the distribution, storage, and disposal of security programs, Security Directives, Information Circulars, implementing instructions, and, as appropriate, classified information • 17. Procedures for posting public advisories as specified in §1542.305 • 18. Incident management procedures used to comply with §1542.307 • 19. Alternate security procedures, if any, that the Airport Executive intends to use in the event of natural disasters, unusual conditions, and other emergencies • 20. Each Exclusive Area Agreement as specified in §1542.111
functional annexes
1. Command & Control 2. Communication 3. Alert and Warning 4. Emergency Public Information 5. Protective Actions 6. Law Enforcement 7. Fire and Rescue 8. Health and Medical 9. Resource Management 10. Operations and Maintenance
Part 119
AirCarriers and Commercial operators; unscheduled commercial carriage of passengers and/or cargo
Which records must be retained for 12 CCM?
Airfield inspection records, NOTAMs, fueling inspections, and accident or incident reports
Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
An industry standard for qualifying airfield pavements. rating scale from failed to excellent
What are the four classes of operation an airport can be certified as
Class I through IV
Incident Command and and tole of the Airport Executive
Command System designed to enable effective and efficient domestic Incident management by integrating a combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures and communications operating within a common organizational structure
During a crisis (crisis communications)
During Crisis: -STRIVE FOR TRANSPARENCY AND REGULAR PREDICTABLE CHANNELS FOR COMMUNICATIONS - CREDIBILITY AND TRUST IS ALL YOU HAVE FOR CURRENCY. DON'T WASTE IT - WHEN THINGS GO WRONG (AND THEY WILL) DON'T COVER IT UP - APOLOGIZE IF NECESSARY Prior to crisis: - USE THE TIME YOU HAVE NOW TO MAKE AND MODIFY PLANS - TRAIN TODAY: HOLD TABLETOP DRILLS - PRODUCE CONTENT FOR MEDIA CHANNELS - TRAIN EXECUTIVES AND SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS FOR MEDIA EFFORTS
Part 91
General operating and flight rules applicable to aircraft operating in US airspace, whether they are GA or Commercial
What are the 4 parts of an emergency plan?
Mitigation - "prevents the bad day", public education, hazard & vulnerability assessment, improved infrastructure Preparedness - "train for the bad day", emergency response plans, training & exercises, sirens Response - "the bad day", life safety, incident stabilization, property preservation, evacuations & shelters, mass care, environmental considerations Recovery - "getting back to business", economic recovery, debris management, housing, health & social services, FEMA money (if applicable)
Is a deviation always a violation?
No, it depends upon the circumstances. The airport mgr must inform the FAA within 14 days of the occurrence
Class III certificated airports are authorized to serve
Only small scheduled air carrier aircraft.
Part 121
Operating requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operatiosn - must fly to and from a 139 airport, unless there is a specific 139 exception
Which airports are typically Class IV
Resort destinations or seasonal in their ops and receive large, unscheduled, air carrier aircraft
Four elements of SMS
Safety policy; Safety risk mgmt; Safety assurance; Safety promotion
Class I certificated airports are authorized to serve
Scheduled and unscheduled ops of small and large air carrier aircraft
When should the airport be inspected?
Several times daily during times when aircraft activity is minimal to create the least impact on airport operations.
Class II certificated airports are authorized to serve
Small scheduled air carrier ops and a limited number of large unscheduled
Four Security Areas
Sterile Area,Secured Area, SIDA, and AOA
Concrete experiences four major categories of distress;
Surface defects; Joints; Pavement cracks; pavement Distortion
Asphalt experiences four major categories of distress;
Surface defects; surface deformation; cracks; patches and potholes
1542.3(c)
Title 14 CFR Part XXXX.X(c) states no airport operator may use, nor may it designate any person as Airpor Security Coordinator (ASC) unless that individual has completed subject-matter training, as specified in its security program, to prepare the individual to assume the duties of the position
When is an exemption granted?
When the economic impact of compliance, is too costly burdensome, or impractical for smaller communities.
Safety Promotion
a "safety culture" that allows SMS to succeed.
Direct Air carrier
a certified domestic or foreign air carrier , or an air taxi operator or commuter air carrier that directly engages in the operation of aircraft under a certificate, permit or exemption issued by DOT.
Public charter
a one-way, round-trip flight performed by one or more direct air carriers and sponsored by a charter operator
Special Inspections should be conducted
after a complaint has been made or when an unusual condition or event has occurred.
part 139 (and GAs) requires mgmt to maintain and properly repair any pavement surface available for
air carrier use
passenger experience
airport sponsors desire that passengers have a good experience while at the airport and providing good customer service is a core concept for an airport executive, because customer service is not only good for business, it also provides a less stressful airport experience for the customer
What is the definition of a small aircraft under part 139
an aircraft designed for more than 9 seats but less than 31
Define a hole
an opening larger than 5" in diameter, exceeding 3" in depth with an inside slope greater than 45 degrees
Safety Assurance
an overall assessment of whether safety objectives are being met or exceeded; through audits, and corrective actions
how often should pavement receive a thorough inspection
at least once a year
economic impact study
attempt to quantify the amount of money contributed by the airport to a local community as a result of its presence and operation - indicator of the value and worth of the airport to the community, as a basis for determining the outcomes of airport development projects or in justifying airport operational and managerial decisions.
induced impact
attempts to measure multiplier effect - recognizes that every dollar expended by an airport patron in the community is further recycled or channeled throughout the community to generate additional income or revenue
governmental affairs function
attending regional and economic development planning meetings developing position papers on legislative policy and issues representing the airport in regional forums with federal, state and local government officals preparing talking points and presentations for board members and airport executive testifying before legislative committees representing the airport in interactions with legislators and legislative staff
four sections
basic plan- overview of the plan and legal authority functional annexes- performance of broad functions hazard specific section- the required plans within the AEP standard operating procedures
What are the cons of Asphalt
compresses under load, requires higher maintenance, susceptible to oxidation from the sun
The author should remember that the ACM should be comprehensive yet
conservative in its approach by including only that detail necessary to demonstrate regulatory compliance.
primary impact
direct + indirect
An exemption to the ARFF requirements is allowed in the regs to airports
enplaning less that 1/4 of 1% of the total US enplanements over the course of a year.
How often do personnel with access to the AMA need to have recurrent training.
every 12 ccm on ops and safety measures
Part 139 Certification of Airports
evolved from the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970; the baseline regulation and certification standard for commercial service airports
What are the two categories and types of pavement?
flexible and rigid; asphalt and concrete
intergovernmental relations
focus on following legislation at the federal, state, and local level that could have an impact on the airport - depending on the size of the airport this function can be performed by an airport executive, or an intergovernmental affairs specialist - responsible for preparing reports for the airport sponsor on the impacts of certain legislation or rule making on the airport
For purposes of 139 an air carrier operation covers the period of time
from 15 mins before takeoff to 15 mins after landing
Which airport activities require continuous surveillance inspection
fueling ops; construction; pedestrian and ground vehicles; snow and ice; public protections; wildlife activities; and FOD
part 139 subpart A
general applicability, definitions, and procedures for compliance
part 139 subpart B
genreal airport certification requirements, issuance and duration of certificate; provisions for limitations, exemptions, and deviations.
What is the definition of a large aircraft under part 139
having at least 31 passenger seats
What are the pros of Asphalt
laid w/o expansion joints, less expensive and faster to install
Class IV certificated airports are
not authorized to serve any scheduled large or small air carrier aircraft
Aircraft Emergency 3 levels of alert
o ALERT I (Local Standby) - an aircraft that is known or suspected to have an operational defect that should not normally cause serious difficulty in achieving a safe landing, no response is required, response units involved will be staffed and will stand by at the station o ALERT II (FULL EMERGENCY) - an aircraft that is know to have, or suspected to have and operational defect that affects normal flight operations if there is danger of an accident, all units respond to predesignated positions o ALERT III (AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT) - an aircraft incident/accident has occurred on or near the airport, all designated emergency response units proceed to the scene according to established plans and procedures
What will the FAA ultimately hold the certificate holder responsible for?
operating the airport safely
part 139 subpart C
outlines how the ACM should be developed, maintained, and amended. It refers extensively to the use of procedures to ensure compliance with the regs and plans for safe ops.
Airport Emergency Plan
plan must: - include procedures for prompt response to all emergencies as listed in part 139.325 (b), including a communications network - contain sufficient detail to provide adequate guidance to each person who must implement the procedures - to the extent practicable, provide for an emergency response for the largest air carrier aircraft in the index group required for that airport
What does and effective self-inspection program include?
procedures for reporting and correcting deficiencies
Three things help prevent links in the chain of events from forming
proper design of a component or system; safeguards put into place;; correct safety decisions and actions.
Purpose of an AEP
provide for the delegation of authority provide for the assignment of responsibilities provide for the coordination of efforts by responding personnel provide for an orderly transition between normal and emergency operation
airport economic impacts
regional economic activities, employment, and payrolls that can be attributed, both directly and indirectly, to the operation of a local airport
part 139 subpart D
regulatory operations requirements
An exemption is a legal document granting
relief form a regulatory requirement of Part 139
What are the cons of Concrete
requires seams or joints, higher costs
What are the pros of Concrete
resists compressibility, can withstand higher aircraft loads, resists weather and oil or fuel spillage, twice the service life
When developing, writing, or revising the ACM, emphasis is placed on establishing
responsibility, authority, and procedures for part 139 compliance.
individual air carriers, FBO's, or other tenants can be made responsible for the inspection of their areas, but who the Airport Mgr must
retain overall supervision and responsibility for the inspection
part 139 describes rules governing the cert and ops of airports servicing any
scheduled passenger carrying ops or an air carrier operating aircraft designed for more than 9 passenger seats; Unscheduled passenger-carrying ops of an air carrier operating aircraft designed for at least 31 passenger seats
transportation benefits
services that a community hopes to obtain by developing and maintaining an airport - value of time saved and costs avoided by users of the air transportation system or in the enjoyment or entertainment value one receives from flying. Other valued transportation benefits are: a sense of community pride, the possibility of attracting other businesses, the support of related aviation activities such as agricultural spraying, and for reliever airports in metropolitan areas, the reduction of delays at air carrier airports.
Why should the airport have a work order system in place?
so that deficiencies can be corrected in an expeditious manner.
A daily inspection of all paved areas that are the responsibility of the airport operator should include;
surface deterioration or hazards to aircraft, debris, or FOD, pavement edge obstruction, rubber buildup, pavement markings, soil erosion, vegetation growth; report and monitor any cracks, holes and variations.
Periodic Conditional Inspection should be conducted on a regularly scheduled basis and should include;
surveying pavement for rubber buildup; approach slopes and surrounding areas for obstructions; signs, lights, and markings; fueling facilities and mobile fuelers; navaids; response times for ARFF; other activities and facilities as needed.
Who has the primary responsibility to conduct airport inspections to ensure compliance with the ACM?
the Airport Operator
Approval of the ACM occurs at two levels
the airport operator and the FAA
Safety Risk Mgmt
the principle methods for enhancing or increasing an airport's safety record.
How is compliance of Part 139 obtained?
through following an approved ACM which results in the issuance of an Airport Operating Certificate
What is the central purpose of the ACM?
to be a reference document of airport personnel on how to maintain a safe airport and comply with federal regs.
What is the primary objective of Part 139
to ensure safety in air transportation by regulating the operations maintenance of airports serving scheduled air carrier ops
What is the goal of a pavement maintenance program?
to provide a safe and operable pavement for the least possible cost.
What is the intent of the ACM
to provide all necessary information on how to comply with part 139
total economic impact
total impact of the airport in the community is derived from calculating the direct, indirect, and induced impacts
What does an effective self inspection program enable an airport operator to conduct
uninterrupted day-to-day airport operations in compliance with Part 139 standards
limitations identify
unusual operational characteristics, such as when air carrier operations are limited to specific weights due to pavement strength
Safety Policy
written by senior mgmt, address how the organization is structured to achieve safety goals, and lays out the processes and procedures to identify and mitigate safety risks
Airport Operator Security Roles
•Airport Security Coordinator •Trusted Agent •Airport Police •Security Officers •Airport Operations •Aircraft Operator Security Coordinator •Ground Security Coordinators --The primary responsibilities of a GSC are to: ---1.Resolve conflicts between gate agents and passengers ---2.Intervene in situations with disruptive passengers ---3.Act as the primary point of contact for bomb threats and hijacckings until relieved by higher authority ---4.Oversee cargo and baggage acceptance procedures •In-Flight Security Coordinator (pilot-in-command)
Airport Security Requirements
•CFR Part 1542: Airport Security - covers commercial service airports in the United States •Airport Security Program --Explains how an airport will comply with the regulations of Part 1542 --Duties and responsibilities --Lines of Succession --Letter of Agreement --Memorandum of Understanding
Classification of Airports for Security Compliance
•Category X (high risk, larger airports, more vulnerable) •Category I •Category II •Category III •Category IV
Role of Federal Government
•FBI •Customs and Border Protection (CBP) •Federal Protective Services
General Aviation Security
•Not specifically regulated under security regulations•TSA relies on a guidance approach•GA Hotline•AOPA Airport Watch Program•Guidelines include:•Pilots should know their passengers•Aircraft should be locked when not in use•Hangar and Airport facilities should be secure•Airport and FBO personnel should be trained in spotting suspicious activity•Airports hosting agricultural aircraft should take additional measures to secure chemicals
The Aviation Security and Transportation Act of 2001 (ATSA)
•Transportation Security Administration (TSA) •Federal Security Director (FSD) --FSD Duties: ---Service Functions ---Regulatory Functions ---Administration Functions •Federal Air Marshalls •Screening Partnership Program (opt out) •Trusted Traveler Program •Aircraft Operator Standard Security Program
Roles of the TSA
•Transportation Security Officers --Conduct screening --Travel Document Check --Behavior Detection Officers •Transportation Security Inspectors •Transportation Security Expert - Explosive •TSA Canine Bomb Detection •Playbook
