Axial Skeleton Mastering

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet The transverse costal facet is a slight depression found on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. It contacts the tubercle of a rib as the rib extends laterally

Most of the bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints called sutures. Which of the following bone pairings is NOT connected by a suture? a) temporal--mandible b) parietal--occipital c) frontal--parietal d) parietal--parietal

a

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? a) Elongated spinous process b) Bulky centrum c) Large size overall d) Blunt spinous process

a

Identify the central portion of the sternum.

body

Gesturing "no" with the head depends on the structure(s) of which cervical vertebrae?

both the atlas and the axis

The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception. a) thoracic b) sacral c) axial d) lumbar e) cervical

c

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone? a) Zygomatic b) Maxillary c) Ethmoid d) Inferior nasal concha

c

Which of these statements about the true ribs is FALSE? a) They articulate with thoracic vertebrae. b) They are ribs one to seven. c) They don't move during respiration. d) They articulate with the sternum.

c

Identify the tailbone.

coccyx

The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra.

condyles

Identify the mismatched pair. a) vertebral column: 24 vertebrae and 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx b) skull bones: 8 cranial and 14 facial bones c) bones associated with the skull: 6 auditory ossicles and 1 hyoid bone d) thoracic cage: sternum and 24 ribs and 2 clavicles e) There is no mismatched pair.

d

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? a) provides an attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk b) provides an attachment for muscles involved in breathing c) provides protection for the brain and spinal cord d) provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton e) All of the answers are correct.

e

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of

facets for the articulation of ribs

Ribs 8 to 12 are called ________ because they do not attach directly to the sternum.

false

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

false

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

false

The fibrous connective tissue membranes between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are

fontanelles

The large foramen that serves as a passageway for the medulla of the brain and the accessory nerve (XI) is the

foramen magnum

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

frontal

Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense(s) of

hearing and balance

Which connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum?

hyaline cartilage

The ________ bone is unusual because it doesn't contact another bone.

hyoid

Compression fractures associated with osteoporosis of vertebral bodies can distort the normal thoracic curvature of the vertebral column in a posterior direction. Such a distortion is called __________.

kyphosis

Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.

lacrimal

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

lacrimal bone

The parietal bones and occipital bone articulate at the ________ suture.

lambdoid

In some individuals, body fat accumulates almost exclusively in the belly region. Because of the enlarged belly, the individual has a swayback appearance. The clinical term for this distortion of the vertebral curvature is called __________.

lordosis

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.

manubrium

The clavicles articulate with which portion of the sternum?

manubrium

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12 Human beings have 12 total thoracic vertebrae. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs (humans have a total of 12 pairs of ribs).

A developmental disorder called cleft palate occurs when what two facial bones fail to fuse?

maxillae

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?

maxillary

Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?

maxillary bones and palatine bones

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

median sacral crest

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?

nasal

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

nasal

The hard palate of the roof of the mouth is mostly formed by the

palatine process of the maxillae

Which paired bones form the lateral, posterior portions of the cranium?

parietal

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

sacral

Vertebrae of which regions are fused in the adult?

sacral and coccygeal regions

Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.

sacrum

Which suture separates the right and left parietal bones?

sagittal

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

sagittal suture

The most common distortion of the spinal curvature is

scoliosis

Air-filled chambers found in several bones of the skull are called

sinuses

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

sphenoid

The greater wings of which bone form a large portion of the posterior wall orbit?

sphenoid

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

sphenoid

The distinguishing feature of a cervical vertebra is the

spinous process

The four primary sutures are lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and

squamous

Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium?

sternum

The zygomatic arch is formed by the articulation of processes from which two bones?

temporal and zygomatic

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

thoracic

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

true

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

true

The weight-bearing region of a vertebra is the __________.

vertebral body

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

vomer

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

xiphoid process

When administering CPR, one structure that serves as both a landmark and a cause for concern is the __________.

xiphoid process

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?

zygomatic bones

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.

3-5

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.

5

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

Most mammals, including humans and giraffes, have ________ cervical vertebrae.

7

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet The demi-facets are located on the lateral posterior regions of the bodies of the thoracic vertebral. Together, the superior demi-facet of one vertebra and the inferior demi-facet of the neighboring vertebra create a facet where the head of a rib articulates with the vertebral column

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar The cervical region of the vertebral column is located above the thoracic region, and the lumbar region is found immediately below the thoracic region

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12 There are 12 thoracic vertebrae. The size of the individual vertebrae increase from the top of the column to the bottom, therefore the last thoracic vertebra, T12, would be the largest.

The first cervical vertebra is called the

atlas

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

atlas

The ability to nod "yes" is due to the articulation of which two bones?

atlas and occipital

Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.

auricular surface

The dens process is found on the

axis

The second cervical vertebra is called the

axis

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

Which of the following is not true regarding the axial skeleton? a) has 80 bones b) includes the pelvic and pectoral girdles c) includes the skull d) includes the thoracic cage e) includes auditory ossicles

b

The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.

occipital

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

occipital condyles