Axial skeleton - vertebral column & Trunk

Label the parts of the vertebra in the figure. - Body - Transverse process - Superior articular facet - Spinous process - Superior articular process - Vertebral foramen

Answer:

Match the division of the vertebral column with its description. 1. Also called the "tailbone" 2. Each one connects to a rib pair 3. 5 fused vertebrae 4. 7 vertebrae Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx

Answer: Cervical vertebrae = 4 Thoracic vertebrae = 2 Sacrum = 3 Coccyx = 1

Match the part of the sternum with its description; 1. Longest part of the sternum 2. Most superior part of the sternum 3. Inferior tip of the sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

Answer: 1. Manubrium - Longest part of the sternum 2. Body - Most superior part of the sternum 3. Xiphoid process - Inferior tip of the sternum

Select all that are true of rib anatomy. - The costal groove marks the path of nerves and blood vessels to the thoracic wall. - The rib tubercle articulates with the body of a thoracic vertebra. - The head articulates with the transverse costal facet. - Every rib articulates with a vertebra.

Answer: - The costal groove marks the path of nerves and blood vessels to the thoracic wall. - The rib tubercle articulates with the body of a thoracic vertebra. - Every rib articulates with a vertebra. *The rib tubercle articulates with the transverse costal facet and the head articulates with the body of a thoracic vertebra.

Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. 1. Largest vertebrae 2. Contain costal facets 3. Contain transverse foramina - Lumbar vertebrae - Cervical vertebrae - Thoracic vertebrae

Answer: 1. Largest vertebrae: Lumbar vertebrae 2. Contain costal facets: Thoracic vertebrae 3. Contain transverse foramina: Cervical vertebrae

Label the ribs in the figure. - True ribs - Floating ribs - False ribs

Answer: 1. True ribs 2. False ribs 3. Floating ribs

This figure shows a superior view of a vertebra. Which number indicates the spinous process? 7 2 1 6 3

Answer: 1

How many pairs of ribs articulate (directly or indirectly) with the sternum?

Answer: 10 - the last 2 pairs of ribs (ribs 11 & 12) are called floating ribs because they have no connection with the sternum

This figure shows a superior view of a vertebra. Which numbers indicate structures that articulate with another vertebra? 1, 3, 5 1, 3 1, 2, 3 3 1, 2, 3, 5

Answer: 3

This figure shows the thoracic cage. Which number(s) indicate a costal notch? 3, 6 2, 6 2, 3 2, 3, 6 3

Answer: 3, 6

This figure shows the thoracic cage. Which number indicates the xiphoid process? 1 7 5 The xiphoid process is not labeled on this figure. 4

Answer: 5

The vertebral column includes ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, and ___ lumbar vertebrae. 6; 14; 6 6; 13; 5 5; 12; 7 7; 13; 4 7; 12; 5

Answer: 7; 12; 5 7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar

Which of these features is found in a lumbar vertebra? - Pedicles - Vertebral foramen - Spinous process - Vertebral arch - All of the choices are correct.

Answer: All of the choices are correct.

The occipital condyles articulate with the; axis. atlas. odontoid process. dens. vertebra prominens.

Answer: Atlas - superior articular facet of atlas articulates with occipital condyle of cranium (occipital bone)

The red line in the figure is pointing to the: - dens. - transverse process. - atlas. - axis.

Answer: Atlas (C1) *specifically, points to the posterior arch of atlas (C1)

Which cervical vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens? C4 C7 C1 C5 C2

Answer: C7 C7 is referred to as the Vertebra Prominens as it has a longer spinous process than the other cervical vertebrae. Usually spinous process of C7 is not bifid.

The clavicles articulate with the sternum at the _____ notches. suprasternal cleidosternal clavicular jugular first costal

Answer: Clavicular - the clavicular notch is the junction of the sternum and the clavicle. - sternal extremity of the clavical articulates with the clavicle notch of the manubrium of sternum

Which features are found only on thoracic vertebrae? Costal facets and demifacets Spinous processes Transverse foramina Vertebral foramina Laminae

Answer: Costal facets and demifacets

This figure shows the muscles of the anterior trunk. What muscle does number 2 indicate? Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis minor

Answer: Deltoid

Which feature is unique to the axis? - Transverse foramen - Superior articular facet - Bifid spinous process - Vertebral foramen - Dens

Answer: Dens - the prominent 'dens' (or, 'odontoid process') is the most distinctive feature of the axis (C2)

This figure shows the muscles of the posterior trunk. What muscle does number 3 indicate? Latissimus dorsi Infraspinatus Rhomboid major Supraspinatus Trapezius

Answer: Infraspinatus

Which of the spinal curves form when a child is about 12 months of age? - Sacral - Coccygeal - Lumbar - Thoracic - Cervical

Answer: Lumbar - Lumbar curvature is a secondary curvature, also referred to as 'lordosis'.

Which is not a function of the vertebral column? Passageway for spinal nerves: - Supporting the weight of the head - Passageway for cranial nerves - Protecting the spinal cord - Maintaining upright body position

Answer: Passageway for cranial nerves

This figure shows the muscles of the anterior trunk. What muscle does number 1 indicate? Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Deltoid Biceps brachii Latissimus dorsi

Answer: Pectoralis major

This figure shows the muscles of the anterior trunk. What muscle does number 3 indicate? Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Deltoid Pectoralis minor Latissimus dorsi

Answer: Pectoralis minor

Which of the following is not a function of the vertebral column? - Provide vertical support for the body - Provide support for the muscles of the arm - Support the weight of the head - Help transfer axial skeleton weight to the lower limbs

Answer: Provide support for the muscles of the arm

This figure shows the muscles of the posterior trunk. What muscle does number 2 indicate? Trapezius Supraspinatus Rhomboid major Latissimus dorsi Infraspinatus

Answer: Rhomboid major

This figure shows the thoracic cage. What vertebra is indicated by number 8? L1 T12 T10 T1 L2

Answer: T12

Rib 1 articulates with vertebra ______ and the ______. T1; body of the sternum T1; manubrium of the sternum T2; clavicle T2; body of the sternum C7; manubrium of the sternum

Answer: T1; manubrium of the sternum Rib 1 articulates with vertebra T1 and the manubrium of the sternum.

Which curves of the vertebral column are present at birth? Cervical and thoracic Lumbar and thoracic Lumbar and sacral Thoracic and sacral Lumbar and cervical

Answer: Thoracic and sacral - Kyphotic (Kyphosis) -Known as Primary Curves (or accomodation curves) In babies the vertebral column is C shaped.

This figure shows the muscles of the posterior trunk. What muscle does number 1 indicate? Latissimus dorsi Infraspinatus Trapezius Rhomboid major Supraspinatus

Answer: Trapezius

This figure shows a superior view of a vertebra. What feature is indicated by number 4? Intervertebral foramen Vertebral foramen Neural canal Transverse foramen Vertebral canal

Answer: Vertebral foramen

Each auricular surface of the sacrum is located on a(n): - sacral cornu. - apex. - spinous process. - median sacral crest. - ala.

Answer: ala *'Auricular surface' located on lateral surface of 'ala', *marks site of articulation with coxxae of the pelvic girdle; forming strong/almost immovable sacroiliac joint.

Transverse foramina are found in _____ vertebrae. thoracic lumbar cervical sacral all

Answer: cervical

The _________ provide passageways for spinal nerves to exit the vertebral column and travel to other parts of the body. - vertebral canals - transverse foramina - articular facets - intervertebral foramina - vertebral foramina

Answer: intervertebral foramina - *lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae. - provide a horizontally direct passageway through which spinal nerves travel to other parts of body

The superior portion of the sternum is called the: - xiphoid process. - gladiolus. - manubrium. - coccyx. - body.

Answer: manubrium

The inner, gelatinous region of each intervertebral disc is called the; articular ring. chondral ring. nucleus pulposus. annulus fibrosus. lamella.

Answer: nucleus pulposus. Nucleus pulposus: is the inner gelatinous core of the disc and is primarily composed of water, with some scattered reticular and elastic fibres

The spinal cord terminates at an opening in the sacrum called the: - anterior sacral foramen. - inferior sacral foramen. - posterior sacral foramen. - sacral hiatus. - sacral canal.

Answer: sacral hiatus

The sternal angle can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the position of the: - hyoid bone. - apex of the heart. - second rib. - trachea. - jugular vein.

Answer: second rib.

The vertebral processes that are most easily palpated along the midline of the back are the _____ processes. inferior articular spinous lamellar superior articular transverse

Answer: spinous

The thoracic cage includes: - the sternum, the clavicles, and 12 ribs. - the hyoid bone, the sternum, the clavicles, and 24 ribs. - the sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 12 ribs. - the sternum and 24 ribs. - 12 thoracic vertebrae and 24 ribs.

Answer: the sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 12 ribs.

What is the correct order for the vertebral regions, from superior to inferior?

Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

Identify the region of the vertebrae based on the evident physical characteristics. Cervical vertebra Thoracic vertebra Lumbar vertebra

Cervical vertebra: Thoracic vertebra: Lumbar vertebra:

Identify the structures of the sternum.

Sternal angle Manubrium Xiphoid process Clavicular notch Body Suprasternal notch