Basic Anatomy
3 Types of Muscles
1. Agonists 2. Antagonists 3. Synergists
5 Types of Connective Tissue
1. Areolar 2. Fibrous Tissue 3. Cartilage 4. Bone 5. Blood
3 Types of Joints
1. Diathrodial/Synovial - Highly mobile. (ex: elbow) 2. Amphiathrodial/cartilaginous- slightly mobile (ex: ribs) 3. Synarthrodial/fibrous - immobile (skull)
3 Types of Tissue Aggregates
1. Fascia (membranes that surround organs) 2. Ligaments (connects bone or cartilages) 3. Tendons (connects muscle to bone or cartilage.)
3 ways Nervous Tissue can transfer information
1. From one neuron to another 2. From neuron to muscle 3. From sensory receptors to other neural entities
4 Systems used for Speech
1. Respiratory 2. Phonatory 3. Articulatory/Resonatory 4. Nervous
3 Classifications of Muscular Tissue
1. Voluntary Striated Muscle 2. Involuntary Smooth Muscle 3. Cardiac Muscle
4 Main Functions of Epithelial Tissue
1. covers surface of the body 2. lines cavities and passageways 3. acts as a barrier against hostile agents 4. prevents dehydration and fluid loss.
Transverse Plane
AKA "axial" Dives into superior and inferior halves
Coronal Plane
AKA "frontal" Divides into anterior and posterior halves
Medial Plane
AKA "sagittal" Divides into Right and Left lateral halves
Flexion
Bending at a joint
Anatomical Position
Body erect. Palms, arms, and hands face forward.
Supine
Body horizontal and face up
Organs
Body tissue combined together to perform a special function
4 Types of Tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
Axial Skeleton
Head and Trunk, Spine is the axis
Muscular Tissue
Is contractible.
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower and Upper limbs
Inferior
Lower regions of the body
Agonists
Muscles that move a structure
Antagonists
Muscles that opposes the contraction of an agonist
Synergists
Muscles that stabilize structures
Proximal
Point closest to the trunk
Distal
Point farthest from the trunk
Nervous Tissue
Specialized for communication, consists of neurons and nerve cells.
Origin of a Muscle
The point of attachment of the least mobile element
Insertion
The point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts
Lateral
The side
Posterior or Dorsal
Towards the back
Anterior or Ventral
Towards the front
Superior
Upper regions of the body
Main Function of Connective Tissue
binds together and supports other tissues and organs. Can be solid, liquid, or gel-like.
Prone
body horizontal and face down
Deep
direction away from the surface
Peripheral
direction toward the surface
Superficial
on the surface
Palmar
palm of the hand
Plantar
sole of the foot
Extension
straightening out a joint
