Basic Nutrition Final

RDA iron females

12 mg a day

RDA iron males

18mg a day

in most adults peak bone density is achieved around age

30

RDA iron pregnant women

30mg a day

How can you tell if a food is high or low in a nutrient by looking at the %DVs

5% of less is considered low 20% or more is considered high

Variety

A number of different kinds; assortment

dash diet foods

Fruits, vegetables, fat-free or low-fat milk, whole grains, fish, poultry, beans, seeds, and nuts

what is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein?

denaturation

what is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

denatures protein

what does hydrochloric acid do

denatures proteins and activates pepsin

phosphorus main role

formation of bones and teeth

Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes synthesis of

glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance

Energy-dense foods

have lots of calories per serving

What circulatory system carries amino acids and water-soluble vitamins away from the GI cells?

blood

what is bile

a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

good sources of vitamin a

carrots, pumpkins fis and eggs

Anatomical order of the GI tract

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

How many servings of typical dairy foods (or similarly fortified items) does one need to obtain the AI

3 cups of equivalents

a high risk weight-related problem is seen in women whose waist circumferences begins to exceed

35 inches

bolus

A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva

Why is water important?

All living things need water in order to carry out their body processes.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic for most of the sugar alcohols?

Another name for it is Splenda or nutrisweet

What are the 6 nutrient categories & their major roles and characteristics?

Carbohydrates- main sources of energy Proteins- building blocks of our tissue growth. repair maintenance of body tissue Fats- store extra calories for later use, absorb shock, and insulate the body Vitamins- water and fat-soluble make metabolism grow development and the immune system work properly Minerals- used for metabolic processes and for bones and teeth Water- regulate body temperature and carry nutrients around the body.

What do digestive enzymes do?

Convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Which of these statements regarding the food label "Nutrition Facts" is true?

If a food is < 5% of the daily value for sodium, it can be assumed it is low-sodium.

chyme

Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.

What do antioxidants do?

Protect the body from free radicals

According to US laws, which of the following is currently allowed on dietary supplement labels?

Structure-function claims, accompanied with a disclaimer

absorption

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood

niacin

Vitamin B3

What is calorie levels based on

age weight height and physical activity

what does vitamin k do

aids in blood clotting

what happens if an essential amino acid is adding from the diet

body will obtain that amino acid from its own proteins such as from cell turnover

which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient

cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

What makes an essential nutrient essential

cannot be synthesized by the body and must be supplied from foods

What are macronutrients

carbohydrates- 4kcal/gram lipids-9kcal/gram proteins 4kcal/gram maintain the body's structures and systems

what type of nutrient is starch

complex carbohydrate

if an amino acid is used generate energy it will first go through

deamination

what things enhance food absorption

digestive enzyme probiotic bacteria chewing slowly

what is pica

eating non food items

what is the function of bile

emulsifies fat in the digestive tract

What factors determine/affect a person's fluid needs

exercise environment pregnancy

which of the following provides the most energy per gram

fats

all of the following compounds are synthesized from cholesterol except

glucose

glycolysis is the conversion of

glucose to pyruvate

which of the following metabolic processes does not require oxygen

glycolysis

What does intrinsic factor do?

glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12

sources of vitamin k

green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils

Why do you check the serving size first

help manage fat sugar salt and calorie intake

vitamin d role in bone health

helps absorb calcium we get in food

The hormone _______________ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range.

insulin

milk anemia

iron-deficiency anemia caused by drinking so much milk that iron-rich foods are displaced from the diet

which of the following is true about acetyl CoA

it can't be used to produce glucose

if a food label states that a serving contains 25% of the daily value of strata fate you can say

it is high in saturated fat

Which of the following is NOT a feature of niacin?

it is vital for amino acid transmutation

where is iron mostly found in the body

liver

Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids?

main component of human cell membranes

Niacin deficiency

pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

vitamin d deficiency diseases

rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

Vitamin D sources

sunlight, egg yolk, fortified milk

segmentation

the division of the body of an organism into a series of similar parts

what is a limiting amino acid

the essential amino acid in shortest supply in a food

how to ingredients need to be listed

the greatest amount to smallest amount

All of the following are characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus EXCEPT:

the least common form of diabetes

peristalsis

the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

the first thing to examine on a food labels nutrition fact is

the serving size

Milk and milk products are excellent calcium sources for all of these reasons EXCEPT:

they are also excellent sources of iron

Why are RDA's set so high?

to meet most healthy people's needs

______________ is the process in which nutrients move through circulatory systems to other parts of the body.

transportation

protein has many unique roles in the body which role can the other macronutrients do too

transportation of other molecules

What are the types of malnutrition?

undernutrition, inadequate vitamins, and minerals, overweight, obesity, diet-related noncommunicable diseases.

Moderation

not eating to extremes neither too much nor too little

Density

nutrition to calorie content

What are the 3 major functions for nutrients?

provide energy, contribute to body structure, and regulate chemical processes in the body

which of the following is not a feature of high fiber foods

provided more energy per gram than most processed foods

Adequacy

providing all the essential nutrients, fiber, and energy in amounts sufficient to maintain health

Balance

providing sufficient amounts of each essential nutrient as well as fiber and calories

which of the following is false regarding the interpretation of Dietary Reference intakes

recommendations are set at the optimal intake level for all people

which of the following is involved mostly in energy transformation reactions

riboflavin

Which of the following is an early sign of scurvy?

scurvy

This label claim: "Maintains a healthy brain" is an example of a:

structure-function claim

Nutrient Dense foods

the amount of vitamins minerals of protein in a food

kcal control

the body receives incoming food needs to match the amount of energy needed for the body to sustain its biological and physiological activities

transportation

the body then absorbs these smaller molecules through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream, which delivers them to the rest of the body.

during transportation which nutrient type go via which route

the circulatory system delivers oxygen water and water-soluble nutrients through the blood to the various organs the lymphatic system transports nutrients that are fat soluble with lymph

digestion

the complex process of breaking down food to be utilized by the body

which of the following is true about saturated fats

they are plentiful in high-fat dairy and meats

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins?

they must be consumed daily to meet needs

what does mucus do

traps and allows for the removal of microbes

what happens if you don't get folate

weakness and anemia

what inhibits food absorption

whole grain seeds nuts phytic acid

Who is at risk for malnutrition

women infants children

dash diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

b6

Pyridoxine

What are the major roles that all the electrolytes share

balance the amount of body in the water moves nutrients and waste support muscle and nerve functions

which of the following is not one of the major components of the body's energy expenditure

baseline thermic activity rate