BBH 143 Chap 9 Alcohol
What are the negative effects of alcohol that occur at BACs above 0.25%?
"stupor" unresponsive, nausea and vomitting, unable to move
How is alcohol produced?
fermentation of sugar by yeast or bacteria
Why do women have higher BACs than men after consuming the same amount of alcohol?
higher body fat _ less weight for alc retention
how are the 16 the and 18 the amendments to the US constitution related to prohibition?
16 : intro of federal income tax (addition revenue without alcohol tax) 18 : prohibition
Describe the temperance movement that began in America in the 1800's.
1790 physician BEnjamin Rush published pamphlet of dangers of alc and encouraged abstinence. Movement began with upper class physicians and spread across middle class
What is the irreversible liver damage associated with alcohol abuse?
Cirrhosis
What are delirium tremens and why can they be life threatening?
Hallucinations, tremors, seizures
Why is the alcohol in beer and wine absorbed more slowly than the alcohol in a single shot of distilled liquor?
Lower concentration attributes to lower driving force of absorption (diffusion dependent)
What type of brain damage is seen in people with alcoholism?
Wernicke-Korsakoff
What is the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to be considered 'driving under the influence'?
.08
Describe the changes in age restrictions on alcohol consumption since prohibition.
21 following repeal of prohibition -18(70's) --> 21 (1996)
Describe how drinking patterns - current use, binge use, & heavy use - change across age groups.
??
What are the relapse rate at 1 and 2 years for people attempting to stop drinking?
??
What is alcohol by volume (ABV)? How does ABV compare to proof as a measure of alcohol content?
ABV is the % of alc in given volume -proof is 2x ABV
What are the main differences between the effects of Acamprosate and Disulfiram in treating alcoholism?
Acamprosate : reduces cravings
What are congers and how do they contribute to hangovers?
By-products of fermentation besides alscohol- can amplify symptoms of hangover
True/False: Rates of binge drinking in men & women decreased between 1992 & 2012.
False
Why was prohibition an important political issue?
Federal government relied on taxes of alcohol, there was no income tax at the time
Alcohol is an indirect agonist at ________ receptors.
Gaba
Describe the metabolic process for alcohol. Which metabolite is toxic and associated with hangovers.
Oxidation of alcohol subsequently oxidized metabolites acetadehyde is associated with hangovers
If you wanted to speed up your rate of absorption of alcohol should you drink your rum in Pepsi or Orange juice?
Pepsi, carbonation facilitates absorption
Alcohol reduces activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. What is the result of the decreased activity in these brain regions?
Prefron C : decision making Hippo : Memory Cerebellum : balance & coordination
True/False: Egyptians produced wine and beer.
True
True/False: Men binge drink more than women.
True
Explain 'bootlegging'
putting
List the moderate withdrawal symptoms seen after short-term alcohol consumption and in stage 1 of withdrawal from chronic consumption.
short term : agitated, cant sleep, feel depressed Stage 1 : tremors, hypertension, insomnia, loss of appetite
What is the purpose of distillation in producing alcohol?
to produce drinks with higher alcohol %
What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 alcoholism? Which has the strongest genetic association?
type 1 : self medication-rapid tolerance, binge drinking, do better in treatment, later onset alc problems type 2 : steady drinker, early onset alc probz, largely male, son of alc fathers develop somatization disorder --> stronger genetic association