BCOR Test 2

What skills do managers need?

technical, human relations, and conceptional

Strategic Planning

is done by top management and determines the major goals of the organization and the policies, procedures, strategies, and resources it will need to achieve them

Chain of command

is the line of authority that moves from the top of the hierarchy to the lowest level

tactical planning

is the process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how. Such plans can include setting annual budgets and deciding on other activities necessary to meet strategic objectives

what are the 5 steps of the control function?

1. establish standards 2. measure performance 3. compare actual performance to standards 4. determine the reason for deviations 5. take action if needed

decentralized authority

An organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be.

Henri Fayol

Henri Fayol published his book Administration industrielle et générale -Unity of command. -Hierarchy of authority. -Division of labor. -Subordination of individual interests to the general interest. -Degree of centralization. -Clear communication channels. -Order. -Equity. -Esprit de corps.

Weber's principles of organization

Job descriptions Written rules, decision guidelines and detailed records Consistent procedures, regulations and policies Staffing and promotion based on qualifications

Max Weber

Max Weber's book The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations a German sociologist and economist, promoted the pyramid-shaped organization structure that became popular in large firms. Weber put great trust in managers and felt the firm would do well if employees simply did what they were told

centralized organization

a structure in which authority is concentrated at the top, and very little decision-making authority is delegated to lower levels

Bureaucracy

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

What is a SWOT analysis?

analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

Controlling

establishes clear standards to determine whether an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not. Basically, it means measuring whether what actually occurs meets the organization's goals

What is empowerment?

giving employees the power to act immediately, decisively, and without fear in order to attain satisfaction and delight

what is the difference between goals and and objectives?

goals- objectives- not influenced by personal feelings

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs

Planning

includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives. Planning is a key management function because accomplishing the other functions depends heavily on having a good plan.

Organizing

includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organization's goals and objectives

Contingency Planning

is the process of preparing alternative courses of action the firm can use if its primary plans don't work out. The economic and competitive environments change so rapidly that it's wise to have alternative plans of action ready in anticipation of such changes. For example, if an organization doesn't meet its sales goals by a certain date, the contingency plan may call for more advertising or a cut in prices at that time

Management

is the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources

what is production management?

managing goods and services

Leading

means creating a vision for the organization and communicating, guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to achieve goals and objectives in a timely manner. The trend is to empower employees, giving them as much freedom as possible to become self-directed and self-motivated. This function was once known as directing

Tall chart

military

what are the four types of planning?

strategic, tactical, operational, contingency

goods and services

the objects (goods) and the actions (services) that people value and produce to satisfy human wants

what are the primary functions of business?

Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

whistle blower

Someone who tells a person in authority about unethical or illegal activity occurring in the workplace.