Beat the GMAT Practice Questions

Is q positive? 1. qp^2 is not negative. 2. q^2 is positive.

1 2 T E N

Does (x + a)^2 = y^2? 1. x = y - a 2. x = y + a

1 2 T E N

If x is a positive integer, is sqrt(x) an integer? 1. sqrt(36x) is an integer 2. sqrt(3x + 4) is an integer

If x is a positive integer, is sqrt(x) an integer? 1. sqrt(36x) is an integer 2. sqrt(3x + 4) is an integer

Is |x| + |y| = 0? 1. x + 2|y| = 0 2. y + 2|x| = 0

1 2 T E N

Is |x| = y - z ? 1. x + y = z 2. x < 0

1 2 T E N

For all integers n, n* = n(n - 1). What is the value of x*? 1. x* = x 2. (x - 1 )* = (x - 2)

1 2 T E N

Q is a set of integers and 11 is in Q. Let q denote any element in the Q set. Is every positive multiple of 11 in Q? 1. q + 11 is in Q 2. q - 11 is in Q

1 2 T E N

A, B, and C were to be paid in proportion to the part of work they did while working on the same piece of work. A and B individually can finish the piece of work in 12 days and 15 days respectively. They worked together for five days and then C completed the remaining work all alone. If $720 was the net sum to be paid for the entire work, what was the average daily wage of B?

(A) $144 (B) $90 (C) $60 (D) $54 (E) $48

What is the sum of all possible solutions for x of the equation x(x - k) = k + 1?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) k (D) k + 1 (E) 2k - 1

If n is a positive integer, what is the remainder when 3^(8n+3) + 2 is divided by 5?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

If 125% of j is equal to 25% of k, 150% of k is equal to 50% of l, and 175% of l is equal to 75% of m, then 20% of m is equal to what percent of 200% of j?

(A) 0.35 (B) 3.5 (C) 35 (D) 350 (E) 3500

AB + CD = AAA, where AB and CD are two-digit numbers and AAA is a three digit number; A, B, C, and D are distinct positive integers. In the addition problem above, what is the value of C?

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) Cannot be determined

In a certain game, a large bag is filled with blue, green, purple and red chips worth 1, 5, x and 11 points each, respectively. The purple chips are worth more than the green chips, but less than the red chips. A certain number of chips are then selected from the bag. If the product of the point values of the selected chips is 88 000, how many purple chips were selected?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

A man can row 4 1/2 miles per hour in still water and he finds that it takes him twice as long to row up as to row down the rivers. What is the rate of stream in miles per hour?

(A) 1 1/2 (B) 2 (C) 2 1/2 (D) 3 (E) 3 1/2

In a particular aircraft, there must be 9 seats across, and two aisles. If the dash symbols represent aisles, which of the following arrangements provides the lowest average number of seats between passangers and the closest aisle?

(A) 1-7-1 (B) 2-5-2 (C) 3-3-3 (D) 4-1-4 (E) all of the above arrangements produce the same average distance from the closest aisle

A bag contains 5 white marbles and 5 black marbles. If each of 5 girls and 5 boys randomly selects and keeps a marble, what is the probability that all of the girls select the same colored marble?

(A) 1/126 (B) 1/120 (C) 1/24 (D) 4/25 (E) 1/2

Three balls are drawn (w/o replacement) from an urn containing 5 blue balls, 4 green balls and 3 yellow balls. What is the probability of drawing a blue ball, green ball and a yellow ball in that order?

(A) 1/220 (B) 1/60 (C) 5/144 (D) 1/22 (E) 47/60

What is the ratio of the surface area of a cube to the surface area of a rectangular solid identical to the cube in all ways except that its length has been doubled?

(A) 1/4 (B) 3/8 (C) 1/2 (D) 3/5 (E) 2

A four-digit safe code does not contain the digits 1 and 4 at all. What is the probability that it has at least one even digit?

(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 3/4 (D) 15/16 (E) 1/16

A certain company sells jellybeans in the following six flavors only: banana, chocolate, grape, lemon, peach and strawberry. If the jellybeans are sorted randomly into boxes containing exactly 2, 3 or 4 different flavors only, what is the probability that any given box contains grape jellybeans?

(A) 1/6 (B) 1/3 (C) 2/5 (D) ½ (E) ¾

The probability of having a girl is identical to the probability of having a boy. In a family with three children, what is the probability that all the children are of the same gender?

(A) 1/8 (B) 1/6 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/5 (E) 1/4

On a game show, a contestant is given three keys, each of which opens exactly one of three identical boxes. The first box contains $1, the second $100, and the third $1000. The contestant assigns each key to one of the boxes and wins the amount of money contained in any box that is opened by the key assigned to it. What is the probability that a contestant will win more than $1000?

(A) 1/9 (B) 1/8 (C) 1/6 (D) 1/3 (E) 1/2

A wheel has a diameter of x inches and a second wheel has a diameter of y inches. The first wheel covers a distance of d feet in 100 revolutions. How many revolutions does the second wheel make in covering d feet?

(A) 100xy (B) 100y - x (C) 100x - y (D) 100y/x (E) 100x/y

What is the greatest prime factor of (13!12!) + (13!14!)?

(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 47 (D) 61 (E) 71

In 1997, N people graduated from college. If 1/3 of them received a degree in the applied sciences, and, of those, 1/4 graduated from a school in one of six Northeastern states, which of the following expressions represents the number of people who graduated from college in 1997 who did not both receive a degree in the applied sciences and graduate from a school in one of six northeastern states?

(A) 11N/12 (B) 7N/12 (C) 5N/12 (D) 6N/7 (E) N/7

How many trailing zeroes does 60! have?

(A) 12 (B) 9 (C) 15 (D) 14 (E) 13

Tom, Dick and Harry went for lunch to a restaurant. Tom had $100 with him, Dick had $60 and Harry had $409. They got a bill for $104 and decided to give a tip of $16. They further decided to share the total expenses in the ratio of the amounts of money each carried. The amount of money which Tom paid more than what Harry paid is

(A) 120 (B) 200 (C) 60 (D) 24 (E) 36

If Leo gains 10 pounds, he will weigh 50% more than his brother. Currently, their combined weight is 340 pounds. What is Leo's current weight?

(A) 140 (B) 160 (C) 170 (D) 190 (E) 200

According to a survey, at least 70% of people like apples, at least 75% like bananas and at least 80% like cherries. What is the minimum percentage of people who like all three?

(A) 15% (B) 20% (C) 25% (D) 0 (E) 35%

When four dice are rolled simultaneously, in how many outcomes will at least one of the dice show 6?

(A) 155 (B) 620 (C) 625 (D) 671 (E) 1296

In how many ways can 16 different gifts be divided among four children such that each child receives exactly four gifts?

(A) 16^4 (B) (4!)^4 (C) 16!/[(4!)^4] (D) 16!/4! (E) 4^16

Find the minimum value of the expression: 2*(x^2) + 3*(y^2) - 4x -12y + 18.

(A) 18 (B) 10 (C) 4 (D) 0 (E) -10

A can complete a project in 20 days and B can complete the same project in 30 days. If A and B start working on the project together and A quits 10 days before the project is completed, in how many days will the project be completed?

(A) 18 days (B) 27 days (C) 26.67 days (D) 16 days (E) 12 days

If n = 8 p, where p is a prime number greater than 2, how many different positive even divisors does n have, including n?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8

If x is a prime number, and x - 1 is the median of the set {x - 1, 3x + 3, 2x - 4}, then what is the average (arithmetic mean) of the set?

(A) 2 (B) 5/3 (C) 3 (D) 10/3 (E) 14/3

Each of the cucumbers in 100 pounds of cucumbers is composed of 99% water, by weight. After some of the water evaporates, the cucumbers are now 98% water by weight. What is the new weight of the cucumbers, in pounds?

(A) 2 (B) 50 (C) 92 (D) 96 (E) 98

A certain shade of gray paint is obtained by mixing 3 parts of white paint with 5 parts of black paint. If 2 gallons of the mixture is needed and the individual colors can be purchased only in one-gallon or half-gallon cans, what is the least amount of paint, in gallons, that must be purchased in order to measure out the portions needed for the mixture?

(A) 2 (B) 2.5 (C) 3 (D) 3.5 (E) 4

A sum of money is to be divided among Ann, Bob and Chloe. First, Ann receives a $4 plus one half of what remains. Next, Bob receives $4 plus one third of what remains. Finally, Chloe receives the remaining $32. How much money did Bob receive?

(A) 20 (B) 22 (C) 24 (D) 26 (E) 52

Concrete mixture A is composed of 35 percent cement, 40 pecent sand and 25 percent gravel; concrete mixture B is composed of 15 percent cement, 30 percent sand and 55 percent gravel. If a mixture of A and B contains 25 percent cement, what percent of the weight of the mixture is A?

(A) 20% (B) 33 1/3% (C) 45% (D) 50% (E) 55 1/3%

You have a six-sided cube and six cans of paint, each a different color. You may not mix colors of paint. How many distinct ways can you paint the cube using a different color for each side? (If you can reorient a cube to look like another cube, then the two cubes are not distinct.)

(A) 24 (B) 30 (C) 48 (D) 60 (E) 120

If a jury of 12 people is to be selected at randomly from a pool of 15 potential jurors, and the jury pool consists of 2/3 men and 1/3 women, what is the probability that the jury will comprise at least 2/3 men?

(A) 24/91 (B) 5/91 (C) 2/3 (D) 67/91 (E) 84/91

A train traveling at 72 kmph crosses a platform in 30 seconds and a man standing on the platform in 18 seconds. What is the length of the platform in meters?

(A) 240 meters (B) 360 meters (C) 420 meters (D) 600 meters (E) Cannot be determined

If both 5^2 (25) and 3^3 (27) are factors of n * 25 * 62 * 73, what is the smallest possible positive value of n?

(A) 25 (B) 27 (C) 45 (D) 75 (E) 125

What is the smallest common multiple of two integers which are both greater than 250?

(A) 251 (B) 252 (C) 502 (D) 750 (E) 884

There are 16 teams in a soccer league, and each team plays each of the others once. Given that each game is played by two teams, how many total games will be played?

(A) 256 (B) 230 (C) 196 (D) 169 (E) 120

A square picture frame has an outer perimeter of 36 inches and is 1 inch wide on all sides. What is the inner perimeter of the frame, in inches?

(A) 27 (B) 27 ½ (C) 28 (D) 31 ½ (E) 32

Anthony and Cindy were each given X dollars in advance for each day they were expected to perform at a community festival. Anthony eventually perfromed on all 14 days of the festival, while Cindy performed on 4 fewer days than Anthony performed. If Cindy gives Anthony Y dollars of her advance payment so that they would have each recieved the same daily rate, what was Anthony paid in advance, in terms of Y?

(A) 2Y (B) 4Y (C) 5Y (D) 6Y (E) 10Y

If [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x, what is the value of [-1.6] + [3.4] + [2.7]?

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7

Solution Y is 30 percent liquid X and 70 percent water. If 2 kilograms of water evaporate from 8 kilograms of solution Y and 2 kilograms of solution Y are added to the remaining 6 kilograms of liquid, what percent of this new liquid solution is liquid X?

(A) 30% (B) 33 1/3% (C) 37 1/2% (D) 40% (E) 50%

Richard began driving from home on a trip averaging 30 miles per hour. How many miles per hour must Carla drive on average to catch up to him in exactly 3 hours if she leaves 30 minutes after Richard?

(A) 35 (B) 55 (C) 39 (D) 40 (E) 60

A set of 13 different integers has a median of 30 and a range of 30. What is the greatest possible integer that could be in this set?

(A) 36 (B) 43 (C) 54 (D) 57 (E) 60

A company hired a printer to produce a total of x + 1 envelopes. The job consisted of two types of envelopes, 2¢ envelopes and 5¢ envelopes. If the company requested 3 more 2¢ envelopes than 5¢ envelopes, which of the following expressions denotes the cost, in cents, of the total x + 1 envelopes ?

(A) 3x + 1 (B) (7x - 2)/2 (C) 11x + 31 (D) (7x - 6)/2 (E) (13x + 3)/2

If the radius of a circle that centers at origin is 5, how many points on the circle have integer coordinates?

(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) 20

If Dave works alone he will take 20 more hours to complete a task than if he worked with Diana to complete the task. If Diana works alone, she will take 5 more hours to complete the complete the task, then if she worked with Dave to complete the task? What is the ratio of the time taken by Dave to that taken by Diana if each of them worked alone to complete the task?

(A) 4 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 10 : 1 (D) 3 : 1 (E) 1 : 2

Working alone, printers x, y, and z can do a certain printing job, consisting of a large number of pages, 12, 15, and 18 hours, respectively. What is the ratio of the time it takes printer x to do the job, working at its rate, to time it takes printers y and z to do the job, working together at their individual rates?

(A) 4/11 (B) ½ (C) 15/22 (D) 22/15 (E) 11/4

Let S be the set of all the two-digit natural numbers with distinct digits. In how many ways can the ordered pair (P, Q) be selected such that P and Q belong to S and have at least one digit in common?

(A) 4032 (B) 2720 (C) 2439 (D) 2529 (E) 2448

There are 100 tokens numbered from 1 to 100. In how many ways can two tokens be drawn simultaneously so that their sum is more than 100?

(A) 4950 (B) 5050 (C) 2500 (D) 2550 (E) 5000

An equilateral triangle that has an area of 9*sqrt(3) is inscribed in a circle. What is the area of the circle?

(A) 6*Pi (B) 9*Pi (C) 12*Pi (D) 9*Pi*sqrt(3) (E) 18*Pi*sqrt(3)

All pages of the book are numbered. If the first page is numbered 1 and the last page is numbered 705, on how many pages does digit 9 appear in the numeration?

(A) 70 (B) 77 (C) 126 (D) 133 (E) 140

In a given finance lecture, 30% of the students are finance majors, and 40% of the students are female. The gender distribution for finance majors and non-finance majors is the same. If one student is called on at random, what is the probability that the student is neither female nor a finance major?

(A) 70% (B) 60% (C) 58% (D) 42% (E) 30%

How many triangles with positive area can be drawn on the coordinate plane such that the vertices have integer coordinates (x, y) satisfying 1<=x<=3 and 1<=y<=3?

(A) 72 (B) 76 (C) 78 (D) 80 (E) 84

Two circles have their centers 21 cm apart. The radii of the circles are 10 cm and 17 cm. Find the length (in cm) of the common chord of the two circles.

(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18 (E) 24

If k is an integer, and (35^2-1)/k is an integer, then k could be each of the following EXCEPT:

(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) 17

How many 5-digit positive integers exist where no two consecutive digits are the same?

(A) 9*9*8*7*6 (B) 9*9*8*8*8 (C) 9^5 (D) 9*8^4 (E) 10*9^4

Economic considerations colour every aspect of international dealings, and nations are just like individuals in that the lender sets the terms of its dealings with the borrower. That is why a nation that owes money to another nation cannot be world leader. The reasoning in the passage assumes which one of the following?

(A) A nation that does not lend to any other nation cannot be a world leader. (B) A nation that can set the terms of its dealings with other nations is certain to be a world leader. (C) A nation that has the terms of its dealings with another action set by that nation cannot be a world leader. (D) A nation that is a world leader can borrow from another nation as long as that other nation does not set the terms of the dealings between the two nations. (E) A nation that has no dealings with any other nation cannot be world leader.

Harvard University's business school has more than one graduate doctoral degree program. The DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) programs are administered by Harvard Business School and the Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) Programs are offered jointly with Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, which is part of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS). At Harvard, only the FAS can confer the title of Doctor of Philosophy. Which of the following statements logically follows from the information above?

(A) A student who wants to maximize chances for acceptance to a program can apply to both the DBA and to the Ph.D. programs at Harvard. (B) Applicants to Harvard's joint Ph.D. Programs are not eligible for the Doctor of Business Administration programs. (C) Some students in the Business Economics Ph.D. Program at Harvard will not have their degrees granted by the faculty of Harvard Business School. (D) The Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard can only grant the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree. (E) The fields of study in which students can pursue the DBA or a Ph.D. at Harvard Business School are similar but the degree requirements are distinct.

Added to worries about budget cuts and costs of living increases, the administrators of public health care facilities must contend with the possibility of a strike by employees.

(A) Added to worries about budget cuts and costs of living increases (B) Added budget cuts and increases in the cost of living (C) In addition to worry about cuts in the budget and as the cost of living increases (D) Added to their worrying about budget cuts and cost of living increases (E) In addition to worrying about budget cuts and increases in the cost of living

One reason why European music has had such a strong influence throughout the world, and why it is a sophisticated achievement, is that over time the original function of the music-whether ritual, dance, or worship-gradually became an aspect of its style, not its defining force. Dance music could stand independent of dance, for example, and sacred music independent of religious worship, because each composition has so much internal coherence that the music ultimately depends on nothing but itself. The claims made above are compatible with each of the following EXCEPT:

(A) African music has had a more powerful impact on the world than European music has had. (B) European military and economic expansionism partially explains the global influence of European music. (C) The original functions of many types of Chinese music are no longer their defining forces. (D) Music that is unintelligible when it is presented independently of its original function tends to be the most sophisticated music. (E) Some works of art lose their appeal when they are presented to serve a function other than their original one.

After the company recalled one of its best-selling products, it would be forced to accept a one billion dollar loss, an expense that would have forced its main competitor to declare bankruptcy if it had suffered such a loss.

(A) After the company recalled one of its best-selling products, it would be forced to accept a one billion dollar loss, an expense that would have forced its main competitor to declare bankruptcy if it had suffered such a loss. (B) As the company recalled one of its best-selling products, it accepted a one billion dollar loss; forcing its main competitor to declare bankruptcy if it had suffered such a loss. (C) After the company recalled one of its best-selling products, its one billion dollar loss would have to be accepted; such a loss would have forced its main competitor to declare bankruptcy. (D) After the company recalled one of its best-selling products, it was forced to accept a one billion dollar loss; its main competitor would have been forced to declare bankruptcy if it had suffered such a loss. (E) When the company recalled one of its best-selling products, a one billion dollar loss it was forced to accept, an expense that would have forced its main competitor into bankruptcy.

On average, plowed land erodes away at slightly more than 1 millimeter per year, while new soil builds up at about 0.2 millimeters per year. As a result, continually cultivated soil will become exhausted in the space of several hundred years, unless no-till agriculture is practiced. No-till agriculture is a method in which crop stubble remains in place and a special drill inserts the seeds into the soil. However, only about 16 percent of cultivated areas in the United States use this method. Which of the following is best supported by the information above?

(A) Although the advance of farming technology has made no-till agriculture available to wealthy farmers, such methods are financially impractical for many American farmers. (B) If the United States does not utilize means that replenish or reuse exhausted soil, it must eventually find other ways of getting agricultural products. (C) Agricultural industries that do not require plowing - such as dairy or chicken farms - are not affected by topsoil erosion. (D) If 5 out of 6 of all American farms were to practice no-till agriculture, the United States would produce enough agricultural products to meet domestic demand for several hundred years. (E) Hydroponic farming (farming without soil) would solve the United States' land erosion problem.

Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates. Which of the following, if true, most helps reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?

(A) Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old. (B) Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection. (C) The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety programs are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states. (D) Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving. (E) Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.

The number of digital cameras sold in the past year increased dramatically over the number of digital cameras sold in the previous year. The Chief Executive Officer of the corporation that produces Digicam, a popular brand of digital camera, proposes to increase production of Digicam products. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the argument that the Chief Executive Officer's plan will NOT work?

(A) As a percentage of digital cameras sold, Digicam's market share decreased over the past twelve months. (B) The lag time between production and shipment of Digicams has decreased during the last twelve months. (C) Celebrity endorsements have increased Digicam's brand recognition, but not awareness of the parent corporation. (D) Digicam is one of the brands most responsible for the increase in digital camera sales during the last twelve months. (E) Sales of Digicam decreased during the last twelve months, despite widespread distribution of coupons in stores and newspapers and on the Internet.

As well as vitamin C and phytonutrients, blueberries are a source of nutrients known as antioxidants.

(A) As well as vitamin C and phytonutrients, blueberries are a source of (B) Besides vitamin C and phytonutrients, also blueberries are a source of (C) Blueberries are a source not only of vitamin C and phytonutrients, but also (D) Blueberries are a source not only of vitamin C and phytonutrients, but also of (E) Blueberries are a source of not only vitamin C and phytonutrients, but, as well, of

Unlike other Mayan cities, Cancun's commercial power throughout the lowlands seems to be from using its strategic position at the foot of the highlands, which were a source of jade, obsidian, and other valuable commodities.

(A) Cancun's commercial power throughout the lowlands seems to be from using its strategic position at the foot of the highlands, which were a source of jade, obsidian, and other valuable commodities. (B) Cancun's commercial power throughout the lowlands seems to have come from using its strategic position at the foot of the highlands, a source of jade, obsidian, and other valuable commodities. (C) the commercial power of Cancun's throughout the lowlands seemed to have come from using its strategic position at the foot of the highlands, a source of jade, obsidian, and other valuable commodities. (D) Cancun seemed to be using its strategic position at the foot of the highlands, which was a source of jade, obsidian, and other valuable commodities, in becoming a commercial power throughout the lowlands. (E) Cancun seems to have used its strategic position at the foot of the highlands, a source of jade, obsidian, and other valuable commodities, to become a commercial power throughout the lowlands.

Economist: During a recession, a company can cut personnel costs either by laying off some employees without reducing the wages of remaining employees or by reducing the wages of all employees without laying off anyone. Both damage morale, but layoffs damage it less, since the aggrieved have, after all, left. Thus, when companies must reduce personnel costs during recessions, they are likely to lay off employees. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the economist's reasoning?

(A) Employee morale is usually the primary concern driving companies' decisions about whether to lay off employees or to reduce their wages. (B) In general, companies increase wages only when they are unable to find enough qualified employees. (C) Some companies will be unable to make a profit during recessions no matter how much they reduce personnel costs. (D) When companies cut personnel costs during recessions by reducing wages, some employees usually resign. (E) Some companies that have laid off employees during recessions have had difficulty finding enough qualified employees once economic growth resumed.

Even though Clovis points, spear points with longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces, have been found all over North America, they are named for the New Mexico site where they were first discovered in 1932.

(A) Even though Clovis points, spear points with longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces, have been found all over North America, they are named for the New Mexico site where they were first discovered in 1932. (B) Although named for the New Mexico site where first discovered in 1932, Clovis points are spear points of longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces and have been found allover North America. (C) Named for the New Mexico site where they have been first discovered in 1932, Clovis points, spear points of longitudinal grooves chipped onto the faces, have been found all over North America. (D) Spear points with longitudinal grooves that are chipped onto the faces, Clovis points, even though named for the New Mexico site where first discovered in 1932, but were found all over North America. (E) While Clovis points are spear points whose faces have longitudinal grooves chipped into them, they have been found all over North America, and named for the New Mexico site where they have been first discovered in 1932.

It might seem that an airline could increase profits by reducing airfares on all its flights in order to encourage discretionary travel and thus fill planes. Offers of across-the-board discount fares have, indeed, resulted in the sale of large numbers of reduced-price tickets. Nevertheless such offers have, in the past, actually cut the airline's profits. Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy described above?

(A) Fewer than 10 percent of all air travelers make no attempt to seek out discount fares. (B) Fares for trips between a large city and a small city are higher than those for trips between two large cities even when the distances involved are the same. (C) Across-the-board discounts in fares tend to decrease revenues on flights that are normally filled, but they fail to attract passengers to unpopular flights. (D) Only a small number of people who have never before traveled by air are persuaded to do so on the basis of across-the-board discount fares. (E) It is difficult to devise an advertising campaign that makes the public aware of across-the-board discount fares while fully explaining the restrictions applied to those discount fares.

Army General: Military experts have learned that positions held by units of up to 40 soldiers can now be held by only two soldiers equipped with new, superautomatic, maximum-velocity weapons. Likewise, larger areas can be held by remarkably few soldiers provided with, and trained in the use of, new triangulating cannons and short-distance rockets. Many of the features of warfare that have so far required hand-to-hand combat by large numbers of soldiers may well be pursued by small numbers of laser technicians at great distances. Upcoming research and testing should indicate how much progress we have to look forward to. The information above best supports which of the following conclusions?

(A) Future soldiers may need considerably more training than the already lengthy and expensive training now given. (B) It is likely that, in the near future, wars can be fought without danger to humans. (C) There is increasing interest in superiority of weaponry and firepower in relation to prior interest in superiority of manpower. (D) The increased budget necessary for such research is clearly worthwhile and should be appropriated. (E) Military experts are becoming more interested in our soldiers' holding strategic weapons than in their holding strategic positions.

Herbert Morrison broadcast the only live radio report from the scene of the fire that destroyed the German Zeppelin the Hindenburg in a passionate account that stunned listeners.

(A) Herbert Morrison broadcast the only live radio report from the scene of the fire that destroyed the German Zeppelin the Hindenburg in a passionate account that stunned listeners. (B) In a passionate account that stunned listeners, Herbert Morrison broadcast the only live radio report, being on the scene of the fire that destroyed the German Zeppelin the Hindenburg. (C) The only live radio report was broadcast by Herbert Morrison, a passionate account that stunned listeners, from the scene of the fire destroying the German Zeppelin the Hindenburg. (D) Broadcasting the only live radio report, Herbert Morrison passionately accounted the scene of the fire that destroyed the German Zeppelin the Hindenburg to stunned listeners. (E) In a passionate account that stunned listeners, Herbert Morrison broadcast the only live radio report from the scene of the fire that destroyed the German Zeppelin the Hindenburg.

His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful, Sir Joseph Lister lent his name to the company that developed Listerine, the first antibacterial liquid.

(A) His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms finally successful (B) Since his campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms had been eventually successful (C) Because of the eventual success of his campaigning for sanitary conditions in operating rooms (D) His campaign for sanitary conditions in operating rooms being eventually successful (E) Campaigning, eventually successfully, for conditions to be sanitary in operating rooms

In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient. It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following? I. Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers. II. More government workers should be fired. III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees.

(A) I only (B) I and III only (C) II only (D) I, II, and III (E) III only

In a period of time when women typically have had a narrow range of choices, Mary Baker Eddy became a distinguished writer and the founder, architect, and builder of a growing church.

(A) In a period of time when women typically have (B) During a time in which typically women have (C) Typically, during a time when women (D) At a time when women typically (E) Typically in a time in which women

In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities. Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:

(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry. (B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air. (C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London. (D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable. (E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.

Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

(A) Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. (B) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World?a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence was pledged by Project SETI? (C) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992?five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World?Project SETI pledged a$100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence? (D) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the initiation of Project SETI five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992. (E) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World?on Columbus Day 1992?the initiation of Project SETI took place.

In the late 1980's, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific Ocean began to decline. Of the two plausible explanations for the decline-increased predation by killer whales or disease-disease is the more likely. After all, a concurrent sharp decline in the populations of seals and sea lions was almost certainly caused by a pollution-related disease, which could have spread to sea otters, whereas the population of killer whales did not change noticeably. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?

(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey. (B) There is no indication that substantial numbers of sea otters migrated to other locations from the North Pacific in the 1980's. (C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980's, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times. (D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source. (E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

Last year in the United States, women who ran for state and national offices were about as likely to win as men. However, only about fifteen percent of the candidates for these offices were women. Therefore, the reason there are so few women who win elections for these offices is not that women have difficulty winning elections but that so few women want to run. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion given?

(A) Last year the proportion of women incumbents who won reelection was smaller than the proportion of men incumbents who won reelection. (B) Few women who run for state and national offices run against other women. (C) Most women who have no strong desire to be politicians never run for state and national offices. (D) The proportion of people holding local offices who are women is smaller than the proportion of people holding state and national offices who are women. (E) Many more women than men who want to run for state and national offices do not because they cannot get adequate funding for their campaigns.

Looking through the expensive binoculars, the turkey vulture appeared to be the size of a robin.

(A) Looking through the expensive binoculars, (B) Using the expensive binoculars, (C) Through the expensive binoculars, (D) While it was being watched by the hiker through the expensive binoculars, (E) While looking through the expensive binoculars,

Almost every modern kitchen today is equipped with a microwave oven, mainly because microwave ovens offer a fast and convenient way of cooking and reheating food. Indeed, it has become a standard appliance in most households. Studies have shown, however, that microwave ovens are not completely safe and their use has occasionally resulted in serious injury. Because of this, some consumer advocates argue that microwave ovens should not be so readily accepted as a standard appliance until they can be certified to be completely safe. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument of the consumer advocates?

(A) Microwave ovens have taken much of the joy out of cooking. (B) There have been many reported incidences of people who have been scalded by liquids superheated in microwave ovens. (C) Absolute safety is the only criterion by which an appliance should be judged to be acceptable as "standard." (D) There is no such thing as a completely safe appliance. (E) Stoves and ovens that use natural gas consume energy much more efficiently than microwave ovens.

The group of works exhibited in this year's Metropolitan Art Show reveals a bias in favor of photographers. Equal numbers of photographers, sculptors, and painters submitted works that met the traditional criteria for the show, yet more photographs were exhibited than either sculptures or paintings. As you know, each artist was allowed to submit work in one medium only. H: How could there have been a bias? All submitted works that met the traditional criteria - and only those works - were exhibited in the show. If both G's assertions and H's assertions are true, which of the following must also be true?

(A) More photographers than sculptors or painters submitted works to be considered for exhibition in the Metropolitan Art Show. (B) All the works submitted for the Metropolitan Art Show met the traditional criteria for the show. (C) The quality of photographs exhibited in the Metropolitan Art Show was inferior to the quality of the sculptures or paintings exhibited. (D) Some of the photographs submitted for the Metropolitan Art Show did not meet the traditional criteria for the show. (E) More works that met the traditional criteria for the Metropolitan Art Show were submitted by photographers than by sculptors or painters.

Columnist: Much of North America and western Europe is more heavily forested and has less acid rain and better air quality now than five years ago. Though this may be due largely to policies advocated by environmentalists, it nonetheless lends credibility to the claims of people who reject predictions of imminent ecological doom and argue that environmental policies that excessively restrict the use of natural resources may diminish the wealth necessary to adopt and sustain the policies that brought about these improvements. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the columnist's reasoning?

(A) Nations sustain their wealth largely through industrial use of the natural resources found within their boundaries. (B) The more advanced the technology used in a nation's industries, the greater is that nation's ability to devote a portion of its resources to social programs. (C) A majority of ecological disasters arise from causes that are beyond human control. (D) If a compromise between the proponents of economic growth and the environmentalists had been enacted rather than the current policies, the environment would have seen significantly less improvement. (E) The concern demonstrated by a nation for the health and integrity of it natural ecosystems leads to an increase in that nation's wealth.

Neanderthals didn't live in Africa, which is why sub-Saharan African populations have no trace of Neanderthal DNA, but other populations share DNA with Neanderthals, as discovered by a palaeogenetiscist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany that sequenced the Neanderthal genome.

(A) Neanderthals didn't live in Africa, which is why sub-Saharan African populations have no trace of Neanderthal DNA, but other populations share DNA with Neanderthals, as discovered by a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany that sequenced the Neanderthal genome. (B) Having sequenced the Neanderthal genome, a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany has concluded that any human whose ancestral group developed outside Africa has inherited DNA from Neanderthals; since Neanderthals didn't live in Africa, sub-Saharan African populations have no trace of Neanderthal DNA. (C) Neanderthals didn't live in Africa, which is why sub-Saharan African populations have no trace of Neanderthal DNA, but a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany who sequenced the Neanderthal genome has concluded that other humans share DNA with Neanderthals. (D) After sequencing the Neanderthal genome, the Max Planck Institute in Germany where a paleogeneticist researched the Neanderthal-human link, has concluded that any human whose ancestral group developed outside Africa has inherited DNA from Neanderthals; since Neanderthals didn't live in Africa, sub-Saharan African populations have no trace of Neanderthal DNA. (E) The sequencing of the Neanderthal genome by a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany has led to the conclusion that humans whose ancestral group developed outside Africa has inherited DNA from Neanderthals and sub-Saharan Africans have no trace of Neanderthal DNA due to Neanderthals not living in Africa.

Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes and so were probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.

(A) Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes (B) Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape's (C) The vocal tracts of Neanderthals resembled an ape's (D) The Neanderthal's vocal tracts resembled the apes' (E) The vocal tracts of the Neanderthals resembled those of the apes

Many physicists claim that quantum mechanics may ultimately be able to explain all fundamental phenomena, and that, therefore, physical theory will soon be complete. However, every theory in the history of physics that was thought to be final eventually had to be rejected for failure to explain some new observation. For this reason, we can expect that quantum mechanics will not be the final theory. Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?

(A) Only a few species of plants now grow in very dry climates; therefore, few species of animals can live in those climates. (B) Four companies have marketed a new food processing product; therefore, a fifth company will not be able to market a similar product. (C) Your sister is a very good chess player but she has never won a chess tournament; therefore, she will not win this chess tournament. (D) A rare virus infected a group of people a decade ago; therefore, it will not reinfect the same population now. (E) Each team member has failed to live up to people's expectations; therefore, the team will not live up to people's expectations.

Opponents of peat harvesting in this country argue that it would alter the ecological balance of our peat-rich wetlands and that, as a direct consequence of this, much of the country's water supply would be threatened with contamination. But this cannot be true, for in Ireland, where peat has been harvested for centuries, the water supply is not contaminated. We can safely proceed with the harvesting of peat. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) Over hundreds of years, the ecological balance of all areas changes slowly but significantly, sometimes to the advantage of certain flora and fauna. (B) The original ecology of the peat-harvesting areas of Ireland was virtually identical to that of the undisturbed wetlands of this country. (C) The activities of the other industries in coming years are likely to have adverse effects on the water supply of this country. (D) The peat resources of this country are far larger than those of some countries that successfully harvest peat. (E) The peat-harvesting industry of Ireland has been able to supply most of that country's fuel for generations.

Rather than accept the conventional wisdom that the earth was flat, Christopher Columbus was sent by the king and queen of Spain to see if he could reach India by sailing west.

(A) Rather than accept the conventional wisdom that the earth was flat, Christopher Columbus was sent by the king and queen of Spain to see if he could reach India by sailing west. (B) Rather than accepting the conventional wisdom that the earth was flat, Christopher Columbus was sent by the king and queen of Spain to see if he could reach India by sailing west (C) Instead of accepting the conventional wisdom that the earth was flat, Christopher Columbus sailed west to see whether he could reach India, having been sent by the king and queen of Spain. (D) Rather than accept the conventional wisdom that the earth was flat, Christopher Columbus sailed west to see whether he could reach India, having been sent by the king and queen of Spain. (E) Instead of accepting the conventional wisdom that the earth was flat, Christopher Columbus was sent by the king and queen of Spain to sail west to see if he could reach India.

Regarded by opponents as ineffective and meddlesome and by supporters as a conserver of life and energy, the fight over the speed limit continues in our legislatures and on our freeways.

(A) Regarded by opponents as ineffective and meddlesome and by supporters as a conserver of life and energy, the fight over the speed limit continues in our legislatures and on our freeways. (B) Regarded by opponents as ineffective and meddlesome and by supporters as a conserver of life and energy, the speed limit continues to be fought over in our legislatures and on our freeways. (C) Regarded by opponents as ineffective meddling and by supporters as the conservation of life and energy, the speed limit continues to be fought over in our legislatures and on our freeways. (D) The fight over the speed limit, regarded by opponents as ineffective and meddlesome and by supporters as a conserver of life and energy, continues in our legislatures and on our freeways. (E) The fight over the speed limit, a measure regarded by opponents as ineffective and meddlesome and by supporters as a conserver of life and energy, continues in our legislatures and on our freeways.

Teenagers are often priced out of the labor market by the government-mandated minimum-wage level because employers cannot afford to pay that much for extra help. Therefore, if Congress institutes a subminimum wage, a new lower legal wage for teenagers, the teenage unemployment rate, which has been rising since 1960, will no longer increase. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A) Since 1960 the teenage unemployment rate has risen when the minimum wage has risen. (B) Since 1960 the teenage unemployment rate has risen even when the minimum wage remained constant. (C) Employers often hire extra help during holiday and warm weather seasons. (D) The teenage unemployment rate rose more quickly in the 1970's than it did in the 1960's. (E) The teenage unemployment rate has occasionally declined in the years since 1960.

Students who perform average work in school sometimes receive higher grades than they actually deserve. These students are able to convince teachers that they truly enjoy the subject matter, are stimulated by the lectures, or have a personal interest in the instructor. These students must be careful, however, because exaggerated efforts may backfire. If the statements above are true, which of the following draws the most reliable conclusion from the paragraph?

(A) Students are dishonest when it comes to grades. (B) Teachers may give grades to students for reasons other than classroom performance. (C) Good students will seldom resort to trickery in achieving good grades. (D) Teachers want to help their students to excel in the classroom. (E) The perceptions of average students are important in achieving good grades.

The number of aircraft collisions on the ground is increasing because of the substantial increase in the number of flights operated by the airlines. Many of the fatalities that occur in such collisions are caused not by the collision itself, but by an inherent flaw in the cabin design of most aircraft, in which seats, by restricting access to emergency exits, impede escape. Therefore, to reduce the total number of fatalities that result annually from such collisions, the airlines should be required to remove all seats that restrict access to emergency exits. Which one of the following proposals, if implemented together with the proposal made in the passage, would improve the prospects for achieving the stated objective of reducing fatalities?

(A) The airlines should be required, when buying new planes, to buy only planes with unrestricted access to emergency exits. (B) The airlines should not be permitted to increase further the number of flights in order to offset the decrease in the number of seats on each aircraft. (C) Airport authorities should be required to streamline their passenger check-in procedures to accommodate the increased number of passengers served by the airlines. (D) Airport authorities should be required to refine security precautions by making them less conspicuous without making them less effective. (E) The airlines should not be allowed to increase the ticket price for each passenger to offset the decrease in the number of seats on each aircraft.

Patient Advocacy Association: In a recent ranking of state hospitals, Hospital A received the lowest overall grade based on a patient mortality rate that was nearly twice that of the top-ranked hospital. Mortality rates in five departments (cardiology, oncology, surgery, neurology, and neonatology) were used in the comparison. Clearly, Hospital A provides the lowest quality of care state-wide in these departments. One reason that the strength of the Patient Advocacy Association's argument cannot be evaluated is that

(A) The argument makes no mention of deaths of patients seen by multiple departments. (B) The Patient Advocacy Association has a reputation as a biased third party that does not always objectively weigh the evidence regarding quality of care. (C) The Patient Advocacy Association has only cited the mortality rate in five departments of the hospitals. (D) The Patient Advocacy Association has not included data about the underlying health and severity of illness of the individuals served by each of the hospitals. (E) The Patient Advocacy Association has not included recent trends in mortality rates by hospital.

A leading board member of AutoSnip Co., makers of an automated home haircutting system, recently stated that the company was in terrible shape and headed for a disastrous year. His concern was that, since the introduction of the AutoSnip III last year, calls to the customer service line have nearly doubled, indicating that people are very unhappy with the new product. Although it's true that it is the job of responsible board members to raise issues of concern, in this case the board member's analysis of the situation is mistaken. The customer service line handles not only complaints but also sales, and the majority of the new calls have been to place new orders. What role do the two boldfaced selections play in the above argument?

(A) The first provides evidence supporting the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence supporting a conclusion that the argument opposes. (B) The first provides evidence, an interpretation of which supports the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence supporting the main conclusion of the argument. (C) The first provides incontrovertible evidence opposing the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence supporting the main conclusion of the argument. (D) The first provides evidence supporting the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion. (E) he first provides evidence, an interpretation of which opposes the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides that interpretation.

Studies show that children who watch too much television are more likely than others to become obese as adults. Jacob, who is an obese adult, must have watched more television as a child than I did, since I am not obese. Which of the following most closely parallels the logical structure above?

(A) The hardware store on Main Street must have had a bigger advertisement in the Sunday paper than the hardware store around the corner had. The hardware store on Main Street sold twice as many items as the hardware store around the corner did last week, and a Sunday paper advertisement has been shown to increase the number of items sold. (B) Studies show that large dogs lives shorter lives, on average, than small dogs do. Rex is a large dog and therefore might be expected to live a shorter life than Mustang, who is a small dog. (C) The county superintendent stated that all schools would be canceled for the day if snowfall last night were greater than six inches. Therefore, since the snowfall was only five inches, we must be following the usual school schedule today. (D) According to research, people with unusual musical talent do not achieve their true potential unless they are given formal lessons. Therefore Jesse, who has achieved his full musical potential without formal lessons must not have unusual musical talent. (E) People who like vegetables also like fruits. Elizabeth does not like fruits, so she must not like vegetables either.

In Brazil, side-by-side comparisons of Africanized honeybees and the native honeybees have shown that the Africanized bees are far superior honey producers. Therefore, there is no reason to fear that domestic commercial honey production will decline in the United States if local honeybees are displaced by Africanized honeybees. Each of the following, if true, would weaken the argument EXCEPT:

(A) The honeybees native to Brazil are not of the same variety as those most frequently used in the commercial beekeeping industry in the United States. (B) Commercial honey production is far more complicated and expensive with Africanized honeybees than it is with the more docile honeybees common in the United States. (C) If Africanized honeybees replace local honeybees, certain types of ornamental trees will be less effectively pollinated. (D) In the United States a significant proportion of the commercial honey supply comes from hobby beekeepers, many of whom are likely to abandon beekeeping with the influx of Africanized bees. (E) The area of Brazil where the comparative study was done is far better suited to the foraging habits of the Africanized honeybees than are most areas of the United States.

The world's finest single-malt whiskies come from the highland of Scotland. If the quality of the blended whisky derives from the quality of its component ingredients, then MacDuff's whisky must be the finest whisky in the world, because it blends no fewer than five Scotland's finest single-malt whiskies. The argument above could be seriously weaken if which of the following were true?

(A) The more single-malt whiskies involved in the batch of blended whisky, the finer the quality of whisky. (B) Whereas many of MacDuff's competitors have been in industry for decades or even century, the MacDuff brand was created within the last decade by marketing committee. (C) Including more than five single-malt whiskies in a blended whisky is a waste, because no one can taste that many component flavors. (D) A blended whisky is as fine as the average quality of its components. (E) The concept of "finest" in a whisky is a subjective measure that cannot be quantified in a statistically valid way.

Wolves can double their numbers every year. They do not do so, however, if the area in which they live is already full and the territory of each pack borders on the territory of other packs on all sides. Lone wolves, unable to establish a territory near their place of origin, disperse to a less desirable habitat and often are hunted by people. Which of the following conclusions may be properly drawn from the information in the passage above?

(A) The number of wolves in any area suitable for wolves may be predicted to quadruple in two years. (B) Wolves are ejected from the pack to wander singly as lone wolves when the number of wolves in the pack has doubled. (C) The amount of territory suitable for wolves has been diminishing in recent years as a result of human encroachment, with a resulting diminution in the wolf population. (D) Wolf hunting can continue at a moderate rate on the fringes of a good habitat for wolves without a decrease in the average yearly wolf population in that territory. (E) The wolf population density in a given area of wolf territory does not vary with the yearly rate of wolf reproduction.

In 2009, a private school spent $200,000 on a building which housed classrooms, offices, and a library. In 2010, the school was unable to earn a profit. Therefore, the principal should be fired. Each of the following, if true, weakens the author's conclusion EXCEPT:

(A) The principal was hired primarily for her unique ability to establish a strong sense of community, which many parents cited as a quality that kept children enrolled in the school longer. (B) The new library also features a seating area big enough for all students to participate in cultural arts performances which the head of school intends to schedule more frequently now. (C) The principal was hired when the construction of the new building was almost completed. (D) A significant number of families left the school in 2010 because a favorite teacher retired. (E) More than half of the new families who joined the school in 2010 cited the beautiful new school facility as an important factor in their selection of the school.

For every 100 automobile drivers who are involved in a collision due to brake failure, 1 will be seriously injured. A new safety feature exists that is nearly 100 percent successful in preventing collisions due to brake failure. Because the risk of serious injury from malfunction of the new safety feature is one out of 10,000, it is clearly safer for automobile drivers to have this new safety feature installed than not. Which of the following would it be most helpful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

(A) The probability that an automobile driver will be involved in a collision due to brake failure (B) The probability that an automobile driver will be involved in any sort of collision (C) The number of automobile collisions that occur for reasons other than brake failure (D) The number of new safety features being released that prevent other types of collisions (E) The total number of automobile drivers that have had this new safety feature installed

The reason that certain spicy foods, such as the Habanero pepper, makes some people sweat is because they contain a chemical that stimulates the same nerve endings in the mouth as does a rise in temperature; this stimulation sometimes results in the activation of certain biological cooling mechanisms, one of which is perspiration.

(A) The reason that certain spicy foods, such as the Habanero pepper, makes some people sweat is because they contain a chemical that stimulates the same nerve endings in the mouth as does a rise in temperature (B) The reason that certain spicy foods, such as the Habanero pepper, makes some people sweat is that these foods contain a chemical that stimulates the same nerves in the mouth like a rise in temperature (C) Certain spicy foods, such as the Habanero pepper, make some people sweat because they contain a chemical that stimulates the same nerves in the mouth like a rise in temperature does (D) The reason that certain spicy foods, such as the Habanero pepper, make some people sweat is that these foods contain a chemical that stimulates the same nerves in the mouth and on the tongue as does a rise in temperature (E) The reason that certain spicy foods, such as the Habanero pepper, make some people sweat is because they contain a chemical that stimulates the same nerves in the mouth as does a rise in temperature

In polluted environments, dolphins gradually accumulated toxins in their body fat, and the larger the dolphin the more accumulated toxin it can tolerate. Nearly 80 percent of the toxins a female dolphin has accumulated pass into the fat-rich milk her nursing calf ingests. Therefore, the unusually high mortality rate among dolphin calves in the industrially contaminated waters along Florida's Gulf Coast is probably the result of their being poisoned by their mother's milk. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) The survival rate of firstborn dolphin calves in the area along Florida's Gulf Coast is highest for those whose mothers were killed before they were weaned. (B) The rate at which adult dolphins living in the waters along Florida's Gulf Coast accumulate toxins is no higher than that of adult dolphins in comparably polluted waters elsewhere. (C) Among dolphin calves born in the area along Florida's Gulf Coast, the mortality rate is highest among those with living siblings. (D) As dolphins age, they accumulate toxins from the environment more slowly than when they were young. (E) Dolphins, like other marine mammals, have a higher proportion of body fat than do most land mammals.

Until recently, the scholarly consensus was that few marine species are approaching extinction. Closer examination of marine species near the island of West Indies, however, revealed many factors, such as climate change and ?fishing, that may be contributing to the extinction of species thought to be safe. The rate of extinction of marine species may be just as high as that of non-marine species, but the lack of systematic sampling has disguised the trend. Which of the following is most strongly supported by the statements given?

(A) There are many marine species near West Indies that are nearing extinction. (B) Scholars who analyze the possible extinction of non-marine species rely on systematic sampling to determine which species are endangered. (C) If systematic sampling were a more common practice in marine environments, there would likely be more evidence supporting the hypothesis that many marine species are approaching extinction. (D) The threat to marine species near West Indies is more severe than the threat to marine species whose habitats are elsewhere. (E) If the rate of climate change were arrested and ?fishing were curtailed, the rate of extinction of marine species would fall to a level far below that of non-marine species.

There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing.

(A) There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing. (B) There are no legal limits on the size of monkfish that can be caught, unlike cod or haddock, a circumstance that contributes to depleting them because they are being overfished. (C) There are legal limits on the size of cod and haddock that can be caught, but not for monkfish, which contributes to its depletion through overfishing. (D) Unlike cod and haddock, there are no legal size limits on catching monkfish, which contributes to its depletion by being overfished. (E) Unlike catching cod and haddock, there are no legal size limits on catching monkfish, contributing to their depletion because they are overfished.

This editorial cannot be a good argument because it is barely literate. Run-on sentences, slang, and perfectly dreadful grammar appear regularly throughout. Anything that poorly written cannot be making very much sense. Which of the following identifies an assumption in the argument above

(A) This editorial was written by someone other than the usual editor. (B) Generally speaking, very few editorials are poor in style or grammar. (C) The language of an argument is indicative of its validity. (D) Generally speaking, the majority of editorials are poor in style and grammar. (E) The author of the editorial purposely uses poor grammar to disguise what he knows is a bad argument.

Despite improvements in treatment for asthma, the death rate from this disease has doubled during the past decade from its previous rate. Two possible explanations for this increase have been offered. First, the recording of deaths due to asthma has become more widespread and accurate in the past decade than it had been previously. Second, there has been an increase in urban pollution. However, since the rate of deaths due to asthma has increased dramatically even in cities with long-standing, comprehensive medical records and with little or no urban pollution, one must instead conclude that the cause of increased deaths is the use of bronchial inhalers by asthma sufferers to relieve their symptoms. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Urban pollution has not doubled in the past decade. (B) Doctors and patients generally ignore the role of allergies in asthma. (C) Bronchial inhalers are unsafe, even when used according to the recommended instructions. (D) The use of bronchial inhalers aggravates other diseases that frequently occur among asthma sufferers and that often lead to fatal outcomes even when the asthma itself does not. (E) Increased urban pollution, improved recording of asthma deaths, and the use of bronchial inhalers are the only possible explanations of the increased death rate due to asthma.

Mayor: Downtown Rosco Lake is generally a clean area, but the Monday after the Fourth of July weekend, there was twice as much trash in the streets and parks as usual. Since downtown Rosco Lake is a major tourist destination on weekends, it must be the tourists who are littering. The mayor's argument is most called into question by which of the following, if true?

(A) Usually community volunteers go through downtown on Monday mornings, picking up litter. (B) There is a certain correlation between tourist traffic and incidents of vandalism in many towns. (C) During other weekends in July, there were no unusual amounts of litter. (D) The North Shore lakefront area in Rosco Lake is rarely visited by tourists, and has almost no litter, compared to the South Shore, which is a tourist area, and has lots of rubbish lying around. (E) The nearby town of Graylord was able to control its litter problem by instituting large fines that could be levied against litterers.

We who graduated from high school in the Unites States in the early '60s were caught in the middle of the crisis in education created by the Soviet Union's "Sputnik" success.

(A) We who graduated from high school in the United States in the early '60s were (B) We, who graduated from high school in the United States in the early '60s, were (C) We who then graduated high school in the United States in the early '60s were (D) Those of us who then graduated from high school in the United States in the early '60s were (E) We high school graduates who were in the United States in the early '60s were

The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely expected to result in a decline in television viewing, since it had been assumed that people lack sufficient free time to maintain current television-viewing levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer. That assumption, however, is evidently false: in a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large majority of respondents who report increasing time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent watching television. Which of the following would be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument?

(A) Whether a large majority of the survey respondents reported watching television regularly (B) Whether the amount of time spent watching television is declining among people who report that they rarely or never use computers (C) Whether the type of television programs a person watches tends to change as the amount of time spent per week using computers increases (D) Whether a large majority of the computer owners in the survey reported spending increasing amounts of time per week using computers (E) Whether the survey respondents' reports of time spent using computers included time spent using computers at work

Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from mines. It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market. Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable. Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?

(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted (B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined (C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater (D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land (E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

Though sucking zinc lozenges has been promoted as a treatment for the common cold, research has revealed no consistent effect. Recently, however, a zinc gel applied nasally has been shown to greatly reduce the duration of colds. Since the gel contains zinc in the same form and concentration as the lozenges, the greater effectiveness of the gel must be due to the fact that cold viruses tend to concentrate in the nose, not the mouth. In order to evaluate the argument, it would be most helpful to determine which of the following?

(A) Whether zinc is effective only against colds, or also has an effect on other virally caused diseases (B) Whether there are remedies that do not contain zinc but that, when taken orally, can reduce the duration of colds (C) Whether people who frequently catch colds have a zinc deficiency (D) Whether either the zinc gel or the lozenges contain ingredients that have an impact on the activity of the zinc (E) Whether the zinc gel has an effect on the severity of cold symptoms, as well as on their duration

Wind resistance created by opening windows while driving results in a fuel penalty as great or greater than is incurred by using air conditioning.

(A) as great or greater than is incurred by using air conditioning (B) that is as great or greater than is incurred using air conditioning (C) as great as or greater than that of using air conditioning (D) at least as great as air conditioning's (E) at least as great as that incurred by using air conditioning

After arduous months of fighting, the sight of the white flag being raised generated as much relief on the victor's side than it did on the vanquished.

(A) as much relief on the victor's side than it did on the vanquished. (B) as much relief among the victors as among the vanquished. (C) as much relief on the victor's side as it did on the vanquished's. (D) relief both on the victor's side as well as on the vanquished's. (E) relief both for the victor and the vanquished side

During her presidency of the short-lived Woman's State Temperance Society (1852-1853), Elizabeth Cady Stanton, as she was a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters in her suggestion that drunkenness should be made sufficient cause for divorce.

(A) as she was a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters in her suggestion that drunkenness should be (B) as she was a staunch advocate for liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters by her suggestion of drunkenness being (C) in being a staunch advocate for liberalized divorce laws, had scandalized many of her most ardent supporters with the suggestion of drunkenness being (D) a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, scandalized many of her most ardent supporters by suggesting that drunkenness be (E) a staunch advocate of liberalized divorce laws, she scandalized many of her most ardent supporters in suggesting that drunkenness should be

In the engineering sector at the moment there are no jobs for those without experience, which makes it difficult for we recent graduates to get started on our careers.

(A) at the moment there are no jobs for those without experience, which makes it difficult for we (B) at the moment there are no jobs for those without experience, which makes it difficult for us (C) there are no jobs at the moment for those without experience, a fact that makes it difficult for us (D) there are no jobs at the moment for those without experience, which makes it difficult for us (E) there are no jobs at the moment for those without experience, a fact which makes it difficult for we

Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

(A) aulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast. (B) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted. (C) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates. (D) A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election. (E) A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.

In a leveraged buyout, investors borrow huge sums of money to buy companies, hoping to pay off the debt by using the company's earnings and to profit richly by the later resale of the companies or their divisions.

(A) by using the company's earnings and to profit (B) by using the companies' earnings and by profiting (C) using the companies' earnings and profiting (D) with the company's earnings, profiting (E) with the companies' earnings and to profit

A computer store originally bought 1000 modems at a total cost of d dollars. If each modem was sold for 25 percent more than its original cost, what was the individual price, in terms of d, of each modem sold?

(A) d/800 (B) 5d/1000 (C) 125d (D) d/1000 + 25 (E) 125/1000d

A recent series of newspaper articles revealed that passengers who file fictitious injury claims against public transportation entities have become a serious menace to metropolitan areas and add a huge monetary burden to the city's budget. The fraudulent plaintiffs in these law cases are often backed by personal injury attorneys and less than scrupulous medical doctors who conspire to defraud by feigning injuries, fabricating medical reports, and exaggerating legal complaints arising from alleged bus and train (mostly slip-and-fall) accidents. City Attorney: "Those who look to the public trough as a means to ameliorate their economic burdens which they suffer not at all from the hands of the government should not be appeased. Who pays for the monetary judgments doled out to these fakes? You do!" Mayor: "The honest fare payers and dutiful taxpayers are 'rewarded' by increased fares and higher taxes." The quote by the city attorney in the second paragraph probably serves to address

(A) fraud as a menace that hampers city dwellers' every day lives (B) activities of a depraved few who see public transit as a way to fund their marginal existence (C) economic burdens disproportionately placed on the virtuous instead of on the callous and selfish (D) the enormous economic interdependency between public transit and the community it serves (E) passengers who suffer actual injuries on public transit

It ought to be her with whom you share your secrets, not me.

(A) her with whom you share your secrets, not me. (B) her with whom you share your secrets, not I. (C) she with whom you share your secrets, not me. (D) she with whom you share your secrets, not I. (E) her with who you share your secrets, not me.

In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation of any language.

(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced (B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced (C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as (D) translating Iliad, a work that, took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as (E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken him seven years to complete and literary critical Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it

After 12 hours, hostage negotiators finally resolved a situation involving three bank robbers and 35 hostages; their efforts were rewarded generously by the grateful bank management.

(A) involving three bank robbers and 35 hostages; their (B) involving three bank robbers and 35 hostages; the hostages' (C) which involved three bank robbers and 35 hostages; their (D) that involved three bank robbers and 35 hostages; the negotiators' (E) involving three bank robbers and 35 hostages; the negotiators'

The relationship between cell phone use and the incidence of brain tumors is still unclear, this is because some studies show a causal relationship while others do not.

(A) is still unclear, this is because some studies show (B) is still unclear; some studies show (C) as great as or greater than that of using air conditioning (D) are still unclear because some studies show (E) is still unclear; the reason is that some studies show

The Russian government, in response to the actions of an American adoptive mother who sent her adopted son back to Russia, may demand that an American adoptive parent provide his or her child with an environment that preserves the child's Russian language and culture; some argue that such actions could sacrifice children's lives to a phantom national interest.

(A) may demand that an American adoptive parent provide his or her child with an environment that preserves the child's Russian language and culture; some argue that such actions could sacrifice children's lives to a phantom national interest. (B) may demand an American adoptive parent provide his or her child with an environment that preserves the child's Russian language and culture; some argue that such actions could sacrifice children's lives to a phantom national interest. (C) may demand that an American adoptive parent provide his or her child with an environment that preserves the child's Russian language and culture, and actions could sacrifice children's lives to a phantom national interest. (D) may demand that an American adoptive parent provide his or her child with an environment that preserves the child's Russian language and culture; actions that could sacrifice children's lives to a phantom national interest. (E) may demand that an American adoptive parent provides his or her child with an environment that preserves the child's Russian language and culture; some argue that such actions could sacrifice children's lives to a phantom national interest.

The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

(A) merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including (B) as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include (C) as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes (D) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes (E) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

If n and p are different positive prime numbers, which of the integers n^4, p^3, and np has (have) exactly 4 positive divisors?

(A) n^4 only (B) p^3 only (C) np only (D) n^4 and np (E) p^3 and np

Theoretically, water could remain in liquid form indefinitely in extremely low-energy environments, prevented from evaporating its molecules as a result of an insufficient level of kinetic energy present in the molecules on the liquid's surface.

(A) prevented from evaporating its molecules as a result of (B) prevented from having its molecules evaporated by (C) its molecules prevented from evaporating by (D) its molecules prevented from being evaporated as a result of (E) preventing its molecules from evaporating by

Election officials should release the result tomorrow morning, they have not already.

(A) release the result tomorrow morning, they have not already. (B) release the result tomorrow morning, if not already. (C) have released the result tomorrow morning, if they have not already. (D) be releasing the result tomorrow morning, if they have not already. (E) release the result tomorrow morning, if they have not already released it.

The plot of The Bostonians centers on the rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following.

(A) rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with her charming and cynical cousin Basil Ransom, (B) rivals Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, against her charming and cynical cousin, (C) rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin, (D) developing rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin, (E) active feminist, Olive Chancellor, and the rivalry with her charming and cynical cousin Basil Ransom,

If two pipes A and B together can fill a cistern in x minutes and if A alone can fill it in a minutes more than x minutes and B alone can fill it in b minutes more than x minutes, then what is x equal to?

(A) sqrt(a^2 + b^2) (B) sqrt(a^2 - b^2) (C) ab (D) sqrt(ab) (E) ab - a^2 - b^2

As envisioned by researchers, commercial farming of lobsters will enable fisheries to sell the shellfish year-round, taking advantage of off-season demand, standardize its sizes and colors, and to predict sales volume in advance.

(A) taking advantage of off-season demand, standardize (B) taking advantage of off-season demand, to standardize (C) taking advantage of off-season demand, standardizing (D) take advantage of off-season demand, standardizing (E) take advantage of off-season demand, to standardize

IRS provision 354-B mandates that an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 send W-2 forms to their full- and part-time employees on or before January 31.

(A) that an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 send W-2 forms to their full- and part-time employees (B) an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 send W-2 forms to their full- and part-time employees (C) that an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 send W-2 forms to its full- and part-time employees (D) an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 to send W-2 forms to their full- and part-time employees (E) an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 send W-2 forms to its full- and part-time employees

If there are more oak trees in Oregon than there are leaves on any one Oregon oak tree, and if every Oregon oak tree has at least one leaf, then ______. Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

(A) the average number of oak tree leaves per Oregon oak tree must be less than half the number of Oregon oak trees. (B) there are fewer leaves on at least one Oregon oak tree than half the number of those trees. (C) there must be at least two oak trees in Oregon with the same number of leaves. (D) there must be at least as many Oregon oak trees with half as many leaves as the Oregon tree with the most leaves, as there are Oregon oak trees with twice as many leaves as the Oregon oak tree with the fewest leaves. (E) there must be more oak trees than any other type of tree in Oregon.

Disturbed by unfair treatment such as low pay and long hours, the idea of the work visa was improvements of the immigration law by the ACLU.

(A) the idea of the work visa was improvements of the immigration law by the ACLU. (B) the work visa was an idea for improvements of the immigration law suggested by the ACLU. (C) the ACLU suggested the work visa as an improvement to the immigration law. (D) the ACLU suggested that immigration laws be improved by the work visa. (E) the work visa was suggested to be an improvement of immigration law by the ACLU.

The Kwakiuti recognized one social unit larger than the tribe - the confederacy, which was a cluster of loosely knit, informally related neighboring tribes who interacted with themselves more often than between other tribes.

(A) tribes who interacted with themselves more often than between (B) tribes who interacted among each other more often than among (C) tribes who interacted with one another more often than with (D) tribes, interacting among each other more often than between (E) tribes, interacting among one another more often than with

Rising inventories, when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth.

(A) when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead (B) when not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, possibly leads (C) when they were unaccompanied by corresponding by sales increases, can lead (D) if not accompanied by correspondingly increased sales, possibly leads (E) if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

(A) which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing (B) which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing (C) which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of (D) including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing (E) including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent.

(A) while in Germany it is just over 33 percent (B) compared to Germany, which uses just over 33 percent (C) whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany (D) whereas just over 33 percent of the energy comes from nuclear power in Germany (E) compared with the energy from nuclear power in Germany, where it is just over 33 percent

In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world's leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States.

(A) with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going (B) with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes (C) with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going (D) selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes (E) selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going

The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival's month.

(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival's month (B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival's month (C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month (D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival (E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival

A drawer contains 8 socks and 2 socks are selected at random without replacement. What is the probability that both socks are black? 1. The probability is less than 0.2 that the first sock is black. 2. The probability is more than 0.8 that the first sock is white.

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A group of men and women competed in a marathon. Before the competition, each competitor was weighted and the average weight of the female competitors was found to be 120 lbs, while the average weight of the men was found to be 150 lbs. What was the average weight of all the competitors? 1. 100 men competed in the marathon. 2. There were twice as many men as women competing in the marathon. < 0

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A series of 5 numbers consists of 3, 4, 5, 5, and x. Is their range greater than 2? 1. The median of the numbers is greater than the mean. 2. The median is 4.

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Any decimal that has only a finite number of nonzero digits is a terminating decimal. For example, 36, 0.72, and 3.005 are terminating decimals. If a, b, c, d and e are non-negative integers and p = 2^a*3^b and q = 2^c*3^d*5^e, is p/q a terminating decimal? 1. a > c 2. b > d

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At least 100 employees in a certain company have management experience. If 15 percent of the employees in the company who have sales experience also have management experience, do more employees have sales experience than management experience? 1. 72 employees in the company have both sales experience and management experience. 2. 252 employees in the company have neither sales experience nor management experience.

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At the beginning of last year, Tony's Auto dealership had 200 cars available for sale on the lot. The cars were acquired by Tony's at an average cost of $10,000 each. During last year, Tony's acquired an additional 50 cars. What was the total acquisition cost on the lot at Tony's at the end of the year? 1. The average cost per car of all cars acquired by Tony's last year was $12,500. 2. The total revenue from cars sold last year was $1,050,000.

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Guests at a recent party ate a total of fifteen hamburgers. Each guest who was neither a student nor a vegetarian ate exactly one hamburger. No hamburger was eaten by any guest who was a vegetarian, a student, or both. If half of the guests were vegetarians, how many guests attended the party? 1. The vegetarians attended the party at a rate of 2 students to every 3 non-students, half the rate for non-vegetarians. 2. 30% of the guests were vegetarian non-students.

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Henry purchase 3 items during a sale. He received a 20 percent discount off the regular price of the most expensive item and a 10 percent discount off the regular price of each of the other 2 items. Was the total amount of the 3 discounts greater than 15 percent of the sum of the regular prices of the 3 items? 1. The regular price of the most expensive item was $50, and the regular price of the next most expensive item was $20 2. The regular price of the lease expensive item was $15.

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If (243)^x*(463)^y = n, where x and y are positive integers, what is the units digit of n? 1. x + y = 7 2. x = 4

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If K is a positive 3 digit integer, what is value of hundreds digit of K? 1. The hundreds digit of K + 150 is 4. 2. The tens digit of K + 25 is 7.

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If a rope is cut into three pieces of unequal length, what is the length of the shortest of these pieces of rope? 1. The combined length of the longer two pieces of rope is 12 meters. 2. The combined length of the shorter two pieces of rope is 11 meters.

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If ab does not equal 0, and (-a, b) and (-b, a) are in the same quadrant, is (-x, y) in this quadrant? 1. xy > 0 2. ax > 0

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If j and k are positive integers, what is the remainder then 8*10^k + j is divided by 9? 1. k = 13 2. j = 1

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If k, m, and t are positive integers and k/6 + m/4 = t/12 do t and 12 have a common factor greater than 1? 1. k is a multiple of 3. 2. m is a multiple of 3.

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If n is a positive integer and r is the remainder when (n^2) - 1 is divided by 8, what is the value of r? 1. n is odd 2. n is not divisible by 8

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If pqrst = 4, then is p = 1/q? 1. r = s = t 2. Three of p, q, r, s, t are integers

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If r and s are positive numbers, what are the coordinates of themidpoint of line segment MN in the xy-plane? 1. The coordinates of M are (r; 3 - s). 2. The coordinates of N are (3 - r; s).

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If sets A & B have the same number of terms, is the standard deviation of set A greater than the standard deviation of set B ? 1. the range of set A is greater than the range of B 2. sets A & B are both evenly spaced sets

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If the range of the set containing the numbers x, y, and z is 8, what is the value of the smallest number in the set? 1. The average of the set containing the numbers x, y, z, and 8 is 12.5. 2. The mean and the median of the set containing the numbers x, y, and z are equal.

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If two students are chosen at random with replacement from a certain class, what is the probability that two male students or two female students are selected? 1. There are 50 male students in the class. 2. The probability of selecting one male and one female student is 21/50.

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If wx = y, what is the value of xy? 1. w(x^2) = 16 2. y = 4

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If x > 0, then is x^3 - 3(x^2) + 2x divisible by 4? 1. x = 4y + 4, where y is an integer 2. x = 2z + 2, where z is an integer

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If x and y are integers and x < y, what is the value of x + y? 1. x^y = 4 2. |x| = |y|

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If x^2 + y^2 = 1, is x + y = 1? 1. xy = 0 2. y = 0

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If y is a negative number greater than -8, is x greater than the average (arithmetic mean) of y and -8? 1. On the number line, x is closer to -8 than it is to y 2. x = 4y

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If y is an integer and y = |x| + x, is y = 0? (D) 1. x < 0 2. y < 1

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If y is an integer such that 2 < y < 100 and if y is also the square of an integer, what is the value of y? 1. y has exactly two prime factors. 2. y is even.

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In a set of 5 numbers, if the largest number is 3 more than the median, is the average value of the set greater than the median of the set? 1. All the numbers are different. 2. The median is 10 more than the smallest number in the set.

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In the x-y plane, what is the y-intercept of line L? 1. The slope of line L is 3 times its y-intercept 2. The x-intercept of line L is -1/3

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In the xy-plane, at what two points does the graph of y = (x + a)(x + b) intersect the x-axis? 1. a + b = -1 2. The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, -6).

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In the xy-plane, point (r, s) lies on a circle with center at the origin. What is the value of r^2 + s^2? 1. The circle has a radius of 2. 2. The point (sqrt(2), -sqrt(2)) lies on the circle.

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Is a > 0? 1. a^3 - a < 0 2. 1 - a^2 > 0

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Is n odd? 1. a^n - b^n is divisible by a - b 2. a^n + b^n is not divisible by a + b

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Is quadrilateral RSTV a rectangle? 1. The measure of angle RST is 90 degrees 2. The measure of angle TVR is 90 degrees

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Is the integer n odd? 1. n is divisible by 3. 2. 2n is divisible by twice as many positive integers as n.

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Is the perimeter of rectangle R greater than 28? 1. The area of rectangle R is 50. 2. The diagonal of rectangle R is 10.

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Is the positive integer n equal to the square of an integer? 1. For every prime number p, if p is a divisor of n, then so is p^2. 2. sqrt(n) is an integer.

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Is x > k? 1. 2^x * 2^k = 4 2. 9^x * 3^k = 81

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Is |X|= A - B? 1. X = A - B 2. X = B - A

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Leo can buy a certain computer for p1 dollars in State A, where the sales tax is t1 percent, or he can buy the same computer for p2 dollars in State B, where the sales tax is t2 percent. Is the total cost of the computer greater in State A than in State B? 1. t1 > t2 2. p1t1 > p2t2

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Of the 60 families in a certain neighborhood, 38 have a cat. How many of the families in this neighborhood have a dog? 1. 28 of the families in this neighborhood have a cat but not a dog 2. The number of families in the neighborhood who have a dog and a cat is the same as the number of families who have neither a cat nor a dog.

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On Jane's credit card account, the average daily balance for 30-day billing cycle is the average (arithmetic mean) of the daily balances at the end of each of the 30 days. At the beginning of a certain 30-day billing cycle, Jane's credit card account had a balance of $600. Jane made a payment of $300 on the account during the billing cycle. If no other amounts were added to or subtracted from the account during the billing cycle, what was the average daily balance on Jane's account for the billing cycle? 1. Jane's payment was credited on the 21st day of the billing cycle. 2. The average daily balance through the 25th day of the billing cycle was $540.

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Steve works at an appel orchard and is paid by the bushel for the apples he harvests each day. For the first 42 bushels Steve harvests each day, he is paid y dollars per bushel. For each additinal bushel over 42, he is paid 1.5y. How many bushels of appels did Steve harvest yesterday? 1. Yesterday, Steve was paid $180 for the apples he harvested. 2. Today, Steve was paid $240, and he harvested 10 more bushels of apples than he harvested yesterday.

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The area of the right triangle ABC is 4 times greater than the area of the right triangle KLM. If the hypotenuse KL is 10 inches, what is the length of the hypotenuse AB? 1. Angles ABC and KLM are each equal to 55 degrees. 2. LM is 6 inches.

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The cost of 3 chocolates, 5 biscuits, and 5 ice creams is 195. What is the cost of 7 chocolates, 11 biscuits and 9 ice creams? 1. The cost of 5 chocolates, 7 biscuits and 3 ice creams is 217. 2. The cost of 4 chocolates, 1 biscuit and 3 ice creams is 141.

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The distance between x and y is greater than the distance between x and z. Does z lie between x and y on the number line? 1. xyz < 0 2. xy < 0

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The original cost for paperback copy and hardback copy is $8 and $9.5, respectively. The sales price for the paperback copy and the hardback copy is $10 and $13, respectively. If a total of 834 books were sold out, was the total profit greater than $2,000? 1. More paperback copied were sold. 2. At least 100 hardback copies were sold.

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What is the median number of employees assigned per project for the projects at company Z? 1. 25% of the projects at company Z have 4 or more employees assigned to each project. 2. 35% of the projects at company Z have 2 or fewer employees assigned to each project.

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What is the remainder when the positive integer x is divided by 6? 1. When x is divided by 2, the remainder is 1, and when x is divided by 3, the remainder is 0. 2. When x is divided by 12, the remainder is 3.

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