Begin: Exam - Chapters 12 and 13

"I can't work with that client!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. "As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge him, and he keeps calling me at all hours of the day." MOST likely, this is a client with:

borderline personality disorder

A health care provider notes to a new care technician she is working with that, "This patient's personality disorder is becoming very common. Patients often feel like that don't have a stable sense of self-worth or self-esteem. I see someone with this almost every day in the clinic." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your accurate reply would be:

"No, the student is too young for that diagnosis."

Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." Based on research, what is the BEST response?

"Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia."

A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be:

-

A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered," is experiencing:

-

If instruments such as the Big Five are used to describe personality, rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder would become:

-

Occasionally, you see or hear things that others do not. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something, and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This scenario is consistent with the:

-

After a suicide attempt, Trevor is transported to the hospital where he is eventually admitted to the psychiatric wing. In the past, he often displayed impulsive, self-destructive behaviors, such as reckless driving and self-mutilation. If Trevor is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will MOST likely be:

borderline personality disorder

Jasmine always feels like she's on an emotional rollercoaster. She goes between feeling depressed, anxious, and angry. Jasmine's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

Given that schizophrenia is associated with many gene sites, which of these inferences is the MOST illogical?

Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few.

Which statement MOST accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM-5 categories of personality disorder?

Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis

If a study showed that reinforced behavior produces a significant increase in dopamine activation compared to nonreinforced behavior, then this would lend some support for which claim?

Reinforcement is a potential cause of schizophrenic symptoms

MOST contemporary psychodynamic theorists would agree with which statement?

Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create children with schizophrenia

Which is NOT a problem in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders?

The criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used

How is catatonic stupor related to loss of volition?

They appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features

Which of these is NOT consistent with the most common pattern of schizophrenia?

Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men

As part of his treatment, a client with avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts he makes per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello, how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background?

a cognitive-behavioral background

Which piece of evidence, if found, would weaken the dopamine hypothesis the most?

a study showing that drugs that bind to receptors other than dopamine reduce or eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia

If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing:

avoidant personality disorder

Which set of pairs MOST closely represents opposites in terms of the behavior you would observe in people with schizophrenia?

catatonic stupor and catatonic excitement

Lucian always feels like he's been overlooked for all his achievements and that everything anyone says to him is a personal attack. He is extremely jealous of everyone around him and complains whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months; he shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the feelings of persecution and extreme jealousy has no basis in fact, is:

delusional disorder

Leonardo believes that his favorite TV show is giving him a coded message and that the main character speaks directly and personally to him. He decides to go to the filming location to talk to the main character. Leonardo is suffering from:

delusions of reference

Nate has borderline personality disorder. He goes to weekly individual and group therapy skills-building sessions that will last for around a year. The sessions place special emphasis on dealing with self-harm and/or suicide. Nate is receiving:

dialectical behavior therapy

Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he:

displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders

Xavier has schizophrenia and is often conflicted on how to feel about most issues. He feels drained of energy and interest for his usual activities and is rarely able to complete a course of action. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from:

disturbances in volition

Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them.

express; feel

Vivian has borderline personality disorder. her therapist is considering using dialectical behavior therapy to treat her. Compared with patients receiving other forms of therapy, the therapist knows that patients receiving dialectical behavior therapy make:

far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often

Deidre is emotionless, even when she hears sad or happy news. She also complains about hearing voices telling her that the newly installed security system in her home is actually recording her. At times, she remains motionless in her chair for hours. When she does get out of her chair, she poses like the statue in the town square. Which of these represents a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

hearing voices in her head

Darcy is at a friend's dinner party. She's captured the attendees' attention for most of the evening by telling jokes and dramatized stories, but everyone's attention turns away from her when someone else announces her pregnancy. Darcy bursts into dramatic and effusive congratulations to draw back some attention, but she grows angry when the other woman stays the center of attention. Finally, Darcy loudly lies that she had been pregnant and miscarried, and that hearing about someone else's pregnancy is extremely hurtful. Darcy is exhibiting characteristics of:

histrionic personality disorder

How would a therapist following a biological view treat someone with antisocial personality disorder?

increase the individual's anxiety level

Antonio begins to hear voices. After some research, his family realizes that he is exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia. Antonio's family tells him the voices aren't real to try to help him. This action by family members should:

increase the likelihood of future symptoms.

Schizophrenia is to _____, as Parkinson's disease is to _____.

ncreased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation

A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will:

neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; as a result, the child just was not accepted; the child then developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is MOST likely:

object relations theory

Hallucinations are to _____, as delusions are to _____.

perceptions; beliefs

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a typical example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of these EXCEPT:

periods of very high anxiety

Quincy knows that her family is planning to kill her and sell her prized piano. She's heard them talking about her, and they've tried to tell her that she isn't feeling well when Quincy knows she's in perfect health. Quincy has known for years that everyone hates her piano and wants to get rid of it. Quincy is MOST likely suffering from delusions of:

persecution

Kevin sees huge, iridescent butterflies covering the floors. He also hears soft harp music at all hours, when no one is playing a harp or any music. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Andy is not affected when others criticize him or when other people praise him.What does he most likely suffer from?

schizoid personality disorder

Axl has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Axl may be exhibiting:

schizoid personality disorder

Which statement BEST fits the evidence for the biological basis of schizophrenia?

schizophrenia is a polygenetic disorder, probably impacting brain structure and chemical activity

Selina always feels mysterious forces that she believes she can use to control others and which guide her through life. When she sees a news report of a store robbery in another city, she thinks that it is a warning that her house will be broken into that evening. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

schizotypal personality disorder

Studies indicate that under some circumstances for people with schizophrenia, the _____ tends to be overactive, and the _____ tends to be underactive.

substantia nigra; prefrontal cortex

"The client scores low on extroversion and agreeableness but high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me." The therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make his diagnosis?

the Big Five personality test

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that:

there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that:

they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____.

auditory; grandeur

A modern psychodynamic theorist is MOST likely to say:

"Biological abnormalities predispose people to develop a fragmented sense of self."

With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is:

uncommon. Most clients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help; this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy