Behavioral Neuroscience FINAL Review 3
Night-active species are more likely than day-active species to have ____.
a greater rod to cone ratio
Why can't Torie tickle herself?
because her brain is comparing the sensation to what is "expected" and creates a weaker response.
In its normal form, part of the gene that controls Huntington's disease repeats its sequence of bases ____.
between approximately 11-24 times
Parvocellular cells respond strongly to moving stimuli and large overall patterns. T or F
false
In order to bend her arm, Chia needs her _____ muscles.
flexor
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
ganglion cells
Watching another person shoot a basketball is most likely to activate ____ neurons in the brain of the person who is watching.
mirror
A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called ____.
phantom limb
Nerve growth factor (NGF) ____.
promotes the survival and growth of the axon
In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that ____.
push against hair cells when moved
The point in space from which light strikes the receptor is called the ____.
receptive field
The prefrontal cortex ____.
responds to lights, noises, and other signals for a movement
Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____.
rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull
Muscle spindles respond to changes in muscle ____; Golgi tendon organs respond to changes in muscle ____.
stretch; tension
In vertebrate retinas, receptors send their messages ____.
to bipolar cells within the retina
Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons. T or F
true
To see something with her best vision, Lore turned to look directly at it. This was so she could use her foveal vision. T or F
true
the vestibular organ consists of the saccule, utricle, and 3 semicircular canals. T or F
true
The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the ____.
ventral stream
Professor Wen is lecturing his class about Huntington's Disease. He tells the class that it is a genetic disorder caused by _____.
a dominant gene on chromosome 4
Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for ____.
analyzing the meaning of sounds
The nucleus basalis is a key part of the brain's system for ____.
attention
Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that control the heart, intestines, and other organs?
autonomic
The structure composed of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus is the ____.
basal ganglia
Most of the axons of the medial tract go to which side of the body?
bilateral
Although he has been blind since birth, Alden can experience _____, which is ______.
blindsight; the ability to respond in limited ways to visual information without perceiving it consciously
After getting wet, Angelo's dog shook off the water. His dog's behavior depends on ____.
central pattern generator
Speaking, piano playing, athletic skills, and other rapid movements would be most impaired by damage to which structure?
cerebellum
What is one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
difficulty initiating movements
A dopamine pill is ineffective for treating Parkinson's disease because it ____.
does not cross the blood-brain barrier
Rudy has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He will have damage to his ____ neurons in the _______.
dopamine; substantia nigra
The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called ____.
dorsal root ganglia
The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second.
frequency
Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea cause ____.
hair cells to displace
People with posterior parietal damage ____.
have trouble converting vision into action
Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from above?
horizontal
A sound shadow refers to ____
how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound
Early symptoms of Huntington's disease usually include ____.
jerky arm movements and body tremors
Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear?
more force is needed to create waves in fluid
The cerebellum contributes to the control of what function?
movement
What causes hydrocephalus?
obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid
ischemia is to ____ as hemorrhage is to ____.
obstruction; rupture
Which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?
opponent-process theory
The love-enhancing hormone is ____.
oxytocin
The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the ____.
pons and medulla
A proprioceptor is sensitive to the ____.
position and movement of a part of the body
Tori has suffered damage to her magnocellular pathway. Now, she has problems with _____.
seeing things in motion
Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.
sodium
Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" activities?
sympathetic
Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex?
thalamus