BERLIN CONFERENCE
"effective occupation"
without war
MAPS ?'s
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4) According to Map 2-- Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa?
France & Britain
2) According to the graph, Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa? (did you get the same answer as #4 in the Map Comparison above?)
France & Britain once again. This showed their power and dominance not only over Africa but even other European nations.
4) What considerations were made by the Europeans to the native Africans?
NO CONSIDERATIONS
2) How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in this cartoon?
The Berlin Conference made it "okay" and justifiable for these European nations to colonize all of Africa, so inevitably everyone wanted a fair share, and an area with valuable resources/strategic location. However, no one ever asked the native people their opinion. So as shown, the Dutch do not want to give up their land.
2) What was the Berlin Conference?
The Berlin Conference was between November 15 (1884) --November 26 (1885). *Also known as Berlin West African Conference catalyst--> Congo River Basin (all countries there) Portugal--> asked for conference to resolve the problems It's focus was said to be ****ending the slave trade & humanitarism**** ("agenda"--> facade)... but in reality it was a method of dividing the continent of Africa between different European nations. **DIVIDING AFRICA WITHOUT FIGHTING!!!) Minor resolution: "assist" in ending the slave trade--> no one would willingly so NO CHANGE
Define Suez Canal:
The Suez Canal is a waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea -Great source for transportation of goods & people
4) Think about it: Would the information in MAP 2 and the pie chart above be the same if there had never been a Berlin Conference?
The information in Map 2 would NOT be the same as the pie chart above if there had never been a Berlin Conference, because it was that conference that gave Europeans the motivation to colonize Africa.
3) What happened to the native African political entities by 1914?
They were all gone (eradicated by the dominate European powers)
1) What percentage of Africa was colonized by 1913?
97% of Africa was colonized and only 3% was independent
3) What agreements came out of the Berlin Conference?
(Article 34)**--> The agreement was that once one nation took control, they would have to inform all other members of the Berlin Conference. (called: **PROTECTORATE**) --> created spheres of influence (controlled port) Additionally, controlling the coast meant controlling as far into the land as they wanted. (positive change so they could go into the continent: QUINEINE) --> led to spheres of influence doctrine: economic** (Article 35)**--> **"effective occupation"**= sufficient authority - "protecting the freedoms and rights of Africans"--> cannot just put flag in ground (have to physically be there to control) ----> No African representatives*** All of these agreements were made to ensure less bloodshed between European nations
Pie Chart
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PDF Questions-->
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The Scramble for Africa
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Important statistic
---> In 1870--> only 10% of Africa was occupied by Europeans--> would change dramatically****
1) List 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to take over Africa?
1.) Need for cheap labor (harvesting raw materials) 2.) New markets (large populations to buy products) 3.) Cheap materials (raw materials) ---> ***Industrial Revolution & ***strategic location--> surrounded by water: accessible
3) What percentage Africa was controlled by the rest of the countries (excluding the 2 countries mentioned in #2)?
29% was controlled by the rest of the countries
1) What is the main difference between the 2 maps?
Africa in 1880 vs the partition of Africa (1885-1914) The main difference between the 2 maps is that the latter is broken apart into many different sections, whereas the original was basically divided by region. ***colonization***
5) Make a guess: How will the decisions made at the conference change Africa?
Africa will now be unwillingly divided and taken over by several different European nations. Their true culture and lifestyles will change forever--> forced into slavery.
1) According to the cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?
Holland (Dutch Afrikaners) and Great Britain were fighting over the Southern tip of Africa
Define Social Darwinism:
Social Darwinism is the application of the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society--> Theory: individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Social Darwinism was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
2) What part did the Berlin Conference play in the creation MAP 2?
The Berlin Conference allowed for European nations to take whatever part of Africa they desired (with a lack of bloodshed). The display on map 2 of the many different occupying nations, showed that the Berlin conference had many members, and therefore many nations wanted the advantages provided by Africa.