BIO 10 Chapter 3 (The Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life) Review Q's

_______ is the self-replicating material presents tin nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information.

DNA

Hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution

Hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Isotonic

Having the same solute concentration as another solution

translation

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

_____ is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses

RNA

The structural framework in a cell is the... a) cytoskeleton b) endomembrane system c) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) d) plasma membrane e) extracellular matrix

a) cytoskeleton

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? a) nucleus b) golgi apparatus c) lysosomes d) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) e) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

a) nucleus

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy form ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of: a) diffusion b) facilitated diffusion c) passive transport d) active transport e) exocytosis

active transport

requires energy from the cell, molecules move against their concentration gradient

active transport

Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells? (more than one answer) Golgi apparatus, cell wall, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast

cell wall, chloroplast

________ are found only in plant cells, but __________ are found in both plant and animal cells a) chloroplasts; central vacuoles b) lysosomes; plasma membranes c) central vacuoles; ribosomes d) plasma membranes; mitochondria e) cell walls; chloroplasts

central vacuoles; ribosomes

What organelle produces O2 as a waste product?

chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis in plants are the ____________

chloroplast(s)

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animals do not? a) mitochondrion, cell wall, c central vacuole b) chloroplast, central vacuole, lysosome c) chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall d) chloroplast, cell wall, lysosome

chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP. a) chloroplasts; ribosomes b) chloroplasts; mitochondria c) mitochondria; chloroplasts d) ribosomes; chloroplasts

chloroplasts; mitochondria

________ are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells

chromosomes

A form of passive transport, molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer

diffusion

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell

endocytosis

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of: a) passive transport b) diffusion c) exocytosis d) active transport e) endocytosis

endocytosis

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell? a) plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, endomembrane b) mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus c) mitochondrion, chloroplast, plasma membrane d) endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome

The ___________ builds compounds, whereas the ___________ breaks things down a) golgi apparatus; central vacuole b) endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome c) endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus d) golgi apparatus; lysosome

endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell

exocytosis

A form of passive transport, molecules move across the plasma membrane using a transport protein

facilitated diffusion

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of a) diffusion b) endocytosis c) facilitated diffusion d) active transport e) exocytosis

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? a) golgi apparatus b) mitochondria c) ribosomes d) flagellum e) cytoskeleton

golgi apparatus

A plant cell placed in a(n) _________ solution will lose water and plasmolyze

hypertonic

There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) ______ solution.

hypertonic

An animal cell placed in a(n) ________ solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst

hypotonic

The plant cell wall... a) is found just inside the plasma membrane b) makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy c) regulates the composition of the cytoplasm d) is very similar to the animal cell wall e) is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

A plant cell surrounded by a(n) __________ solution will be flaccid (limp)

isotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) ____ environment.

isotonic

In animal cells, vesicles called ________ contain strong digestive enzymes to break down food, invade microbes, or work out cellular parts

lysosome

Which of the following organelles break down worn-out organelles? a) lysosomes b) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) c) golgi apparatus d) mitochondria e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? a) rough ER b) ATP c) DNA d) mRNA e) ribosomes

mRNA

The ______________ converts chemical energy form glucose into molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

mitochondria

What organelle produces CO2 as a waste product?

mitochondria

Where in a cell is ATP made? a) nucleus b) mitochondria c) cytoskeleton d) lysosomes e) ribosomes

mitochondria

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? a) central vacuole b) mitochondrion c) plasma membrane d) golgi apparatus e) chloroplast

mitochondrion

The _____________ is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

nuclear envelope

A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is called a _________

nuclear pore

The round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA is known as the ___________

nucleolus

The _______ of a cell is where most of a cell's DNA is kept.

nucleus

The _________ is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA.

nucleus

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? a) extracellular matrix b) cytoskeleton c) plasma membrane d) endomembrane system e) nuclear envelope

plasma membrane

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . a) endomembrane; cell wall b) nuclear membrane; endomembrane c) plasma membrane; cell wall d) plasma membrane; endomembrane

plasma membrane; cell wall

After a molecule of RNA is made from a gene, it leaves the nucleus for site of protein manufacture, called the __________

ribosome

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by a) ribosomes b) the golgi apparatus c) mitochondria d) the cytoskeleton e) the extra cellular matrix

ribosomes

Where are lipids made in the cell? a) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) b) ribosomes c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) d) golgi apparatus e) mitochondria

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? a) storing genetic information of the cell b) converting light energy to chemical energy c) working with mRNA to synthesize proteins d) storing compounds produced by the cell e) separating the cell from its surroundings

storing compounds produced by the cell

transcription

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

Which of the following describes the function of a chloroplast? a) the chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility b) the chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy c) the chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell d) the chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell e) the functions as the site of lipid synthesis

the chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

Water crosses the plasma membrane... a) through cotransport b) through facilitated diffusion or diffusion c) using a process that requires energy from the cell d) through active transport e) against its concentration gradient

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion